• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.250-255
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• 2005

Trichoderma inhamatum KSJ1, a filamentous fungus, isolated from rotten wood showed high ability to hydrolysis of cellulosic materials. Enzyme productivity by strain KSJ1 was high in the cultivation using carbon sources such as cellulosic materials and lignocellulosic wastes as rice straw and paper waste. In previous study peptone was one of optimum organic nitrogen sources in producing cellulases for saccharification of food wastes. However, it was too expensive using peptone as organic nitrogen source, so, in this study, soybean and yeast were applicated to substitute peptone. Yeast showed producing high enzyme activity, so it was estimated that yeast is available in producing cellulase using Trichoderma inhamatum KSJ1 at industrial Production.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.2071-2078
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• 2018

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes bacterial blight, which results in severe economic damage to rice farms. Xoo produces biofilms for pathogenesis and survival both inside and outside the host. Biofilms, which are important virulence factors, play a key role in causing the symptoms of Xoo infection. In the present study, we investigated the nutritional conditions for biofilm formation by Xoo. Although Xoo biofilm formation may be initiated by interactions with the host, Xoo biofilm cannot mature without the support of favorable nutritional conditions. Nitrogen sources inhibited Xoo biofilm formation by overwhelming the positive effect that cell growth has on it. However, limited nutrients with low amino acid concentration supported biofilm formation by Xoo in the xylem sap rather than in the phloem sap of rice.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.251-257
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• 2006

The components of the media used to elicit the biosynthesis of $poly-{\gamma}-glutamic$ acid $({\gamma}-PGA)$ by Bacillus subtilis ZJU-7 were investigated, particularly the carbon and nitrogen sources Of the 7 carbon sources investigated, sucrose induced the highest rate of ${\gamma}-PGA$ productivity; among the nitrogen sources, tryptone had the best effect for ${\gamma}-PGA$ production. A $2^{6-2}$ fractional factorial design was used to screen factors that influence ${\gamma}-PGA$ production significantly, and a central composite design was finally adopted to formulate the optimal medium. ${\gamma}-PGA$ productivity improved approximately 2-fold when the optimal medium was used compared with the original nonoptimized medium, and volumetric productivity reached a maximum of 58.2 g/L after a 24-h cultivation period.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.640-646
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• 1998

For the production of nonprotein $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitor from the Streptomyces sp. NS15 strain, effects of initial optimum pH, nitrogen sources, carbon sources, cationic metal ions, agitation speed and aeration rate were investigated. Initial optimum pH of medium was 7.0. The most effective nitrogen and carbon sources were soybean meal 2.0%(w/v) and glucose 1.6%(w/v), respectively. The cationic metal ins had no stimulating effect on inhibitory activity of $\alpha$-glucosidase except Fe2+. Agitation speed and aeration rate were effective at 400rpm and 1vvm, respectively. In the jar-fermenter cultivation for 4 days under optimal culture conditions, the culture broth showed the inhibitory acitivity of 3,200units/ml, which is 25 times higher than that of basic medium (CYM) for porcine intestinal $\alpha$-glucosidase. The inhibitory activity of $\alpha$-glucosidase reached about 3,200units/ml after 4 days of cultivation and decreased gradually for a further two days.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.201-206
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• 1990

The optimal cultural conditions for production of the bluish purple prgment by the cultivation of Streptomyces californicus KS-89 were determined with various substrates. The carbon and nitrogen sources on the production of pigment indicated that soluble strarch and glycerol as carbon sources and sodium glutamate sodium nitrate as nitrogen sources given a mzimum yield of the pigment at 3$0^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. The addition of ferrous sulfate was essential. The highest production of pigment was observed with cultivation in a medium containing 2.0% soluble starch 1% glycerol 0.5% sodium glutamate 0.05% sodim nitrate 0.001% L-proline 0.025% K2HPO4 0.005% MgSO4 .7H2O, 0.04% FeSO4.7H2O, 0.001% thiamine.HCl and pH7.0.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.326-336
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• 2016

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the most employed cell factories for the production of bioproducts. Although monomeric hexose sugars constitute the preferential carbon source, this yeast can grow on a wide variety of nitrogen sources that are catabolized through central nitrogen metabolism (CNM). To evaluate the effects of internal perturbations on nitrogen utilization, we characterized strains deleted or overexpressed in GLT1, encoding for one of the key enzymes of the CNM node, the glutamate synthase. These strains, together with the parental strain as control, have been cultivated in minimal medium formulated with ammonium sulfate, glutamate, or glutamine as nitrogen source. Growth kinetics, together with the determination of protein content, viability, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation at the single cell level, revealed that GLT1 modulations do not significantly influence the cellular physiology, whereas the nitrogen source does. As important exceptions, GLT1 deletion negatively affected the scavenging activity of glutamate against ROS accumulation, when cells were treated with H₂O₂, whereas Glt1p overproduction led to lower viability in glutamine medium. Overall, this confirms the robustness of the CNM node against internal perturbations, but, at the same time, highlights its plasticity in respect to the environment. Considering that side-stream protein-rich waste materials are emerging as substrates to be used in an integrated biorefinery, these results underline the importance of preliminarily evaluating the best nitrogen source not only for media formulation, but also for the overall economics of the process.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 2009

The effect of inorganic, organic nitrogen sources and amino acids on the coenzyme $Q_{10}$ production and coenzyme $Q_{10}$ component ratio was investigated. Among the nine organic nitrogen sources, CSP showed a remarkable enhancing effect on the production of coenzyme $Q_{10}$. But this enhancement was not observed in medium containing Bacto peptone, tryptone, casamino acid and soybean meal. These differences on the production of coenzyme $Q_{10}$ may be due to differences in kinds and amounts of component amino acids and peptides in the various organic nitrogen sources tested. In the addition of inorganic nitrogens, only $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ increase the coenzyme $Q_{10}$ production by 2.0 times compare to the control group. The addition of L-tyrosine to the medium containing Bacto tryptone, was also determined to be crucial for the coenzyme $Q_{10}$ production. But phenylalanin and tryptophan, other aromatic amino acids, had no stimulatory effect on the coenzyme $Q_{10}$ production. These results show that the production and components ratio of coenzyme $Q_{10}$ was greatly affected by the kinds and the concentration of inorganic, organic nitrogen sources as well as amino acids.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.266-271
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• 2018

Effect of plasmid curing of Acinetobacter sp. B-W on the production of siderophore from glutamic acid as both carbon and nitrogen sole sources was investigated. Plasmid cured mutant of strain B-W lost the ability to produce siderophore from glutamic acid at $28^{\circ}C$. Transformant E. coli $DH5{\alpha}$ harboring 20 kb plasmid, that was isolated from wild type of strain B-W produced siderophore from glutamic acid as both carbon and nitrogen sole sources at $28^{\circ}C$, but, not at $36^{\circ}C$. Production of siderophore from glutamic acid by transformant E. coli $DH5{\alpha}$ was completely inhibited by $10{\mu}M\;FeCl_3$. In previous report, catechol nature of siderophore produced from glutamic acid by strain B-W was detected by Arnow test. The siderophore produced from glutamic acid by transformant E. coli $DH5{\alpha}$ was also catechol type. Rf value of siderophore produced from transformant E. coli $DH5{\alpha}$ grown in medium glutamic acid as both carbon and nitrogen sole sources at $28^{\circ}C$ was 0.32 in butanol-acetic acid-water (12:3:5) as developing solvent. Rf value of the siderophore was the same with that of wild type of strain B-W. Thus a single plasmid of 20 kb seemed to be involved in the production of siderophore from glutamic acid.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.61-75
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• 2023

Denitrifying bacteria convert nitrate to nitrogen gas using an external carbon source as an electron donor. The external carbon source affects the denitrification performance and bacterial community structure. Although methanol is a cheap and effective external carbon source, the addition of diverse carbon sources may improve the total nitrogen removal rate and biomass characteristics, such as settleability. In this study, denitrifying reactions were performed using solely methanol and mixed carbon sources of methanol, glucose, and acetate in a sequencing batch reactor. The denitrifying reactor using methanol resulted in a total nitrogen removal rate of 0.39 ± 0.025 kg-N/m³-day while the suspended biomass transformed into dark brown granules. Methyloversatilis discipulorum had the highest predominance at 43.84%. The individual denitrifying biomasses, which were separately enriched with methanol, glucose, and acetate, showed the same total nitrogen removal performance of 0.39 ± 0.016 kg-N/m³-day. However, the addition of mixed carbon sources showed an improved total nitrogen removal rate of 0.42 ± 0.043 kg-N/m³-day, with the domination of Candidatus Saccaribacteria at 25.61%. The denitrifying granules turned pale yellow color. Influent COD/NO₃^--N ratios of 3.5, 5, and 7.5 exhibited COD/NO₃^--N consumptions of 4.3 ± 0.4, 4.4 ± 0.8, and 5.2 ± 0.7, and the consistent predominance of Candidatus Saccharibacteria.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 1985

Effect of nitrogen sources on mycelial growth and sclerotial formation of Rhizoctonia solani causing rice sheath blight was studied by using sixty isolates from diseased samples of different localities in Chungbuk area. Based on the cultural characters, pathogenicity and sclerotial formation, three isolates of the fungus were selected. The virulence of the three isolates varied based on the percent of seeds germination, seedling blights and length and lesion number of lesions. As nitrogen sources, arginine, alanine, urea, ammonium sulfate and sodium nitrate were more effective for mycelial growth and sclerotial formation, than were cystine, methionine, lysine, histidine, tryptophan and thyrosine. The mycelium of R. so/ani grew well in a lower concentration of urea, sodium nitrate, arginine, ammonium sulfate and lysine, but in a higher concentration of proline, histidine, and alanine. In all nitrogen sources tested, high concentration of nitrogen nutrients greatly stimulated sclerotial formation of the fungus. Arginine, urea, and ammonium sulfate increased virulence of the fungus. All the isolates grown on the basic medium plus proline produced large sclerotia. Mycelial growth of the fungus was not well in the tryptophan-added medium, showing brown discoloration of medium.