• 한국작물학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.97-101
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• 1999

No-till direct seeding cultivation of rice has major advantages such as saving of labor and cost by eliminating tillage, preparation of seed bed and trans-planting procedure compared to the conventional transplanting cultivation. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of straw treatment and nitrogen levels on the rice growth in no-till direct-seeding cultivation. Rice straw, vetch straw, and the mixture of both of the straws were mulched on the surface of soil before seeding while 4 levels of nitrogen fertilizer, 0, 7, 9, and 11 kkg/10a respectively, were applied at 3 split times, 3-weeks after sowing, 5-weeks after sowing and the panicle initiation stage. Mulching of vetch straw significantly reduced seedling establishment of rice which may be attributed to low oxidation-reduction potential of soil by vetch mulching treatment. Vetch straw increased the concentration of soil ammonium leading to an extension of the greenish leaf to panicle initiation stage. Agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (AD $E_{N}$) in heavy-mixed straw mulching plots was lower than other treatments. Grain yield and AU $E_{N}$ in the vetch treatment were less affected by fertilized N levels. Conclusively, it is suggested that heavy straw mulching was not efficient for rice seedling establishment and nitrogen usage.e.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2008

This study was conducted to estimate nitrogen dioxide levels and health risk in various locations/situations for two groups. The nitrogen dioxide levels were measured for residents of a study group (industrial area within 5 km) and a control group (15 km farther), respectively using the nitrogen dioxide filter badge as a passive sampler from August, 2006 to September, 2006. The means of indoor, outdoor, work and personal levels of nitrogen dioxide were $34.65{\pm}1.95\;{\mu}g/m^3$, $34.83{\pm}11.78\;{\mu}g/m^3$, $34.98{\pm}19.11$ and $35.38{\pm}10.74$ respectively in the study area. Mean ratio of indoor to outdoor $NO_2$ concentration was 0.99. The means of indoor, outdoor and personal level of nitrogen dioxide were $23.66{\pm}7.19\;{\mu}g/m^3$, $18.22{\pm}4.06\;{\mu}g/m^3$ and $27.27{\pm}18.93\;{\mu}g/m^3$ respectively in the control area. Mean ratio of indoor to outdoor $NO_2$ concentration was 1.39. People spent 80.9% of their time in indoor at the study area and 76.9% at the control area. The percentages of time spent in outdoor were 14.9% and 20.9% at the study area and the control area respectively. The percentages of time spent in a car were 4.2% and 2.2% in the study and control areas respectively. The levels of indoor, outdoor, workplace nitrogen dioxide in the study area and the control area were found below the permissible level of health-hazardous effects.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.123-134
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• 1997

The effects of cutting 6equency and nitrogen fertilization on feed values of reed canarygrass were investigated in uncultivated rice paddy and the attemp was made to estimate the economical and efficient levels of nitrogen fertilization for the increased production of nutrients in reed canarygrass. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Crude protein(CP) content was higher at 1st cut of all treatments(12.5% in 3 cutting 6equency; 19, 7% in 4 cutting frequency; 22.5% in 5 cutting kquency). However, Total Digestible Nutrients(TDN) and Relative Feed Value(RFV) in 3 and 4 cutting 6equencies were higher at 3rd cut(63.5%, 126.8) and 4th cut(65.7%, 146.4) respectively in which the contents of Neutral Detergent Fiber(NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber(ADF) were lowest. In 5 cutting frequency, 1st cut showed the highest TDN and RFV as 70.5% and 232.4 respectively. 2. The level of nitrogen fertilization affected CP content of reed canarygrass. Nitrogen fertilization of 120kgl halcut showed high CP contents of 11.4, 14.7 and 16.5% in 3, 4 and 5 cutting eequency respectively. In 3 and 4 cutting frequency, TDN and RFV were highest with nitrogen fertilization of 90kg/ha/cut where NDF and ADF were lowest, however those in 5 cutting frequency were highest with nitrogen fertilization of 30kg/ha/cut. 3. The yields of CP varied according to the number of cutting frequency and those were 0.45~0.65 in 3 cutting hquency, 0.35~0.50 in 4 cutting frequency, and 0.19~0.67tond/ha in 5 cutting 6equency respectively and TDN was 2.09~3.60, 1.64~2.77 and 0.73~2.96tons/ha respectively. 4. The ratios between the yields of CP and TDN were 5.48, 4.60 and 4.34 in 3, 4 and 5 cutting 6equency respectively and it indicates lower ratio in result of higher number of cutting 6equency. 5. Higher nitrogen fertilization increased the yields of CP and TDN. The yields of CP were higher in 5 cutting frequency as 1.55~2.62tons/ha than of 3(1.20~1.91tons/ha) and 4 cutting frequency(1.35-2.23tons/ha). The yields of TDN were 6.31~9.93, 5.99~9.99 and 7.16~10.57tons/ha in 3, 4 and 5 cutting frequency respectively. 6. The levels of nitrogen fertilization for high production efficiency of crude protein(kg CPYkg N) was estimated as 113.4~302.5kg/ha and it resulted in 1.44~2.09ton/ha of CP yields. The levels of nitrogen fertilization for high production efficiency of dry matter was 199.2-361.3kgha in which nitrogen were fertilized below 400kg/ha and it resulted in 1.64~2.17ton/ha of CP yields. 7. The levels of nitrogen fertilization for high production efficiency of total digestible nutrients(kg TDNYkg N) were 149.9~294.1kg/ha in 3 and 4 cutting kequency and it resulted in 8.66~8.89ton/ha of TDN yileds. With the levels of nitrogen fertilization for high production efficiency of dry matter of 199.2~361.3kg/ha, TDN yields were high as 8.77~9.94ton/ha.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.194-198
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• 2004

본 연구는 남서해안 간척지에서 토양 염농도(저염; 0.1%, 중염; 0.3∼0.4%)별로 쌀 품질 향상을 위한 적정 질소 시비량을 구명하기 위하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1.유추분화기의 초장은 질소 시비량이 많을수록 컸고, 토양염농도간에는 저염 토양에서 켰다. 2. 출수기는 저염 토양에서는 표준비인 N20kg/10a에 비해 N8-N16kg/10a까지는 같았으나 N24kg/10a에서는 1일 늦었고, 중염 토양에서는 N8-N16kg/10a 까지는 1일이 삘랐고 N24kg/10a에서는 같았으며, 토양 염농도간에는 저염 토양에서보다 중염 토양에서 4일 정도 늦었다. 3. 질소시비량이 많을수록 간장이 크고, 포장도복이 심했다. 4. 저염 토양에서 질소시비량이 많을수록 $\textrm{m}^2$ 당 립수는 많았으나 등숙비율이 낮아져 발 수량은 N12kg/10a이상에서는 유의차가 없었으며, N12kg/10a이하에서 현미의 완전미율이 높고 단백질 함량이 낮았다. 5.중염 토양에서는 질소시비량이 많을수록 $\textrm{m}^2$ 당 립수가 많고 등숙비율이 비슷하여 발 수량은 질소시비량이 많을수록 높았으나 N20kg/10a 이상에서는 유의차가 없었고, 현미의 완전미율과 단백질함량은 질소시비량간에 비슷하였다. 따라서 남서해안 간척지에서 쌀 수량 및 미질 등을 고려해 볼 때, 저염 토양에서는 N12kg/10a, 중염 토양에서는 N20kg/10a이 적당할 것으로 생각된다

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.140-144
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• 2018

To investigate the impact of nitrogen (N) mineral on reproductive potential of Brassica napus L, plants were treated with different levels of N treatment ($N_0$; $N_{100}$; $N_{500}$). The half of N content for each treatment were applied at the beginning of the early vegetative stage and the rest was applied at the late vegetative stage. Nitrogen content in plant tissues such as root, stem and branch, leaf, pod and seed was analyzed and harvest index (HI) was calculated as percentage of seed yield to total plant weight. Biomass and nitrogen content were significantly affected by different levels of N supply. Biomass was significantly decreased by 59.2% in nitrogen deficiency ($N_0$) but significantly increased by 50.3% in N excess ($N_{500}$), compared to control ($N_{100}$). Nitrogen content in all organs was remarkably increased with nitrogen levels. N distribution to stem and branches, and dead leaves was higher in N-deficient ($N_0$) and N excessive plants ($N_{500}$) than in control ($N_{100}$). However, nitrogen allocated to seed was higher in control ($N_{100}$) than in other treatments ($N_0$ or $N_{500}$), accompanied by higher HI. These results indicate that the optimum level of N supply ($N_{100}$) improve HI and N distribution to seed and excessive N input is unnecessary.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of application levels of swine manure fermented with sawdust(SMFS) and degree of the slope on productivity of corn, and nitrogen and organic matter runoff in corn cultivation soil. Main plots were consisted of the degree of slope, such as 0, 5 and 10, and the subplots consisted of application levels of SMFS, such as control, 200kgNha and 400kgNha. Lysimeter was constructed with 0.33m width, 3m length and 0.4m height. Dry matter(DM) yields of corn decreased as the slope increased but there was no significant differences between the degree of the slope. DM yields increased significantly as application levels of SMFS increased (pc0.05). DM yields decreased according to continuous cultivation of corn. Total nitrogen(TN) contents of the whole corn decreased as the slope increased(p<0.05). TN content in SMFS treatments was higher than that of non-SMFS treatment but there was no significantly different between SMFS treatments. TN yields decreased significantly as the slope and the application level of SMFS increased(p<0.05). Nitrogen and organic matter yields in the runoff waters increased as the slope and application levels of SMFS increased. The runoff of nitrogen and organic matter was more affected by the increase of the slope than application levels of SMFS. (Key words : Corn, Runoff, Swine manure, Degree of slope, Lysimeter)

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.128-133
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of forms and levels of nitrogen fertilizer on plant growth and essential oil production of Agastache rugosa. Calcium nitrate had more influenced on length and width of leaves and lateral branch length than did urea. When nitrogen fertilizer level was increased from 12 kgN/I0a to 24kgN/I0a, plant growth was stimulated and dry matter of leaf and inflorescence were increased. Top dry matter of plant with calcium nitrate treatment (38.4 g) was heavier than that of urea treatment (32.8 g). Interactions among accession and nitrogen form and nitrogen rate were not significantly different for top dry matter. The forms and rate of nitrogen fertilizer did not affect estragole content. The estragole contents was higher in leaf (91.8%) than that of inflorescence (81.3%). While the essential oil content was not affected by different nitrogen forms, nitrogen level affected the essential oil contents positively by increasing dry matter. Essential oil yield was not affected by accession or nitrogen form, but by nitrogen rate. With increasing N application from 12kgN/I0a to 24 kgN/I0a, essential oil yield was increased by 95.8 %.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.191-198
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• 1984

This experiment was conducted to determine Gibberellin content in tobacco leaves at different growth stages in relation to nitrogen levels applied. Some of the results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. The content of Gibberellin showed an increasing tendency as the levels of nitrogen increased. 2. The highest content of Gibberellin was observed at 60 days after transplanting, showing much higher than those of 30 and 90 days after transplanting. 3. The content of Gibberellin at various growth stages under different nitrogen levels ranged from 0.2490 ng to 10.9308 ng per IKg of fresh leaf weight of Burley 21. 4.The kinds of Gibberellin present in tobacco leaf appeared to be Gibberellinl ,9,19 and 20.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.42-53
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• 2001

This study were conducted to estimate property of nitrogen dioxide concentration at industrial areas in Korea. The nitrogen dioxide concentrations were measured for 50 dwellings at Ulsan and Yeochon, respectively using the nitrogen dioxide filter badge forming the passive sampler from summer time 1998 to winter time 1999. The major results obtained from this study were as follows: 1. The mean indoor, outdoor, and personal concentrations of nitrogen dioxide during summer time 1998 in Ulsan were 28.9 ppb, 24.8 ppb, 24.8 pub, respectively. 2. The mean indoor, outdoor, and personal concentrations of nitrogen dioxide during winter time 1999 in Yeochon were 11.4 ppb, 12.5 ppb, 15.5 ppb, respectively. 3. The mean concentration of nitrogen dioxide during winter time 1998 were higher than the corresponding levels during summer time 1997 in Ulsan. 4. The mean concentration of nitrogen dioxide in Ulsan were in general higher than the corresponding levels in Yeochon. 5. This results in slightly positive correlation among indoor, outdoor, and personal nitrogen dioxide concentrations for summer time in Ulsan, then it statistical significance is showed(p <.05). These results suggest that nitrogen dioxide concentrations in industrial areas seem to be affected by traffic density and conditions of industrialization.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2012

이 연구는 기능성 사료용 보리의 생산 기술을 개발하기 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 식물체 전체에 안토시아닌이 함유된 겉보리인 '보안찰보리' 품종을 이용하여 전년에 구명된 안토시아닌의 축적을 높이기 위한 최적 추비 및 수확시기를 구명한데 (Song et al., 2011) 이어 최적 시비량과 생산성, 사료가치 및 부위별 축적정도를 검토하였다. 그 결과 질소 추비량이 증가함에 따라 출수기가 지연되었고, 초장은 80% 증비구에서 가장 컸으며, 건물율은 유의적으로 감소하였다 (p<0.05). 생초수량은 증가되는 경향이었으나 통계적인 유의성은 없었고, 건물수량과 TDN 수량은 처리구간에 차이가 없었다. 조단백질 함량은 부위별로 이삭 > 총체 > 잎 줄기 순으로 높았으며 (p<0.05), 질소 추비량의 증가에 따라 모든 부위에서 유의적으로 증가하였다 (p<0.05). NDF와 ADF는 부위별로 잎 줄기 > 총체 > 이삭 순으로 높았으며 (p<0.05), 질소 추비량의 증가에 따라 잎 줄기에서는 감소하였고, 총체와 이삭은 처리구간에 차이가 없었다. TDN 함량은 이삭 > 총체 > 잎 줄기 순으로 높았으며 (p<0.05), 질소 추비량의 증가에 따라 잎 줄기는 증가하였고 (p<0.05), 총체와 이삭은 처리구간에 차이가 없었다. 안토시아닌 함량은 부위별로 잎 줄기 > 총체 > 이삭 순으로 높았으며 (p<0.05), 질소 추비량의 증가에 따라 잎 줄기와 총체에서 유의적으로 감소하였다 (p<0.05). 특히 cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), delphinidin (Del), malvidin-3-glucoside (M3G), malvidin (Mal)의 감소가 가장 현저하였다 (p<0.05). 이상의 결론을 종합하여 볼 때, 이 연구에 이용된 '보안찰보리'는 잎 줄기에 안토시아닌 축적이 가장 많고, 조사료 수량을 고려하면서 안토시아닌 함량이 높은 조사료용 유색보리를 생산하기 위해서는 월동 후 생육재생기에 표준 추비량을 주는 것이 가장 유리한 것으로 판단되었다.