• 한국작물학회지
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.229-238
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• 2018

글루텐닌 조성이 빵용에 적합한 최근에 육성된 3품종(백강, 중모2008 및 새금강)에 대하여 등숙기의 추가적인 질소 시비량과 시비 시기가 단백질 함량과 반죽 특성 및 단백질 분획의 변화와 빵 부피에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 단백질 함량은 질소 시비량과 시비 시기에 따라 증가하였으며, 침전가는 질소 시비량 증가에 따라 증가하였지만, 추비 시기는 영향이 없었다. 반죽 특성인, 가수량, 반죽 시간과 반죽 안정도는 품종에 따라 반응이 다르게 나타났으며, SE-HPLC를 이용하여 추출성 및 비추출성 총합체와 단량체 단백질 함량은 추비 처리에 따른 단백질 함량 증가에 따라 모든 품종에서 증가하였다. 빵 부피 역시 품종에 따른 반응이 다르게 나타났는데, 새금강은 질소 시비량과 시비 시기에 상관없이 증가하였으며, 백강과 중모2008은 오히려 감소하였다. 그러나, 질소 시비에 따른 단백질 함량의 변화와 빵 부피 변화는 정의 상관을 나타내었고, 침전가 및 반죽 시간과 단백질 분획 변화는 모두 빵 부피와 정의 상관을 나타내었다. 품종 별 등숙기 시비 조건에 대한 반응이 다르게 나타났기 때문에 품종 별 맞춤 시비 체계 구축과 이상기후로 인한 등숙기 환경 변화에 따른 빵용 품종에 대한 체계적인 시비 조건 확립에 대한 지속적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2006

Response of grain yield and milled-rice protein content to nitrogen topdress (N) timing at panicle initiation stage (PIS) is critical for quantifying real-time N requirement for target grain yield and milled-rice protein content. Two split-split-plot experiments with three replications, one in 2004 and the other in 2005, were conducted in Experimental Farm, Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea. The experiments included three N rates at tillering stage (TS), three N timing treatments at panicle initiation stage (PIS) and two rice cultivars. The N rates at TS, N timing at PIS, and rice cultivars were randomly assigned to main plot, sub plot, and sub-sub plot, respectively. Results showed that the delayed N application at PIS reduced grain yield in 2004 and increased milled-rice protein content in both years significantly at 0.05 probability level. The calculated optimum N timing at PIS from pooled data by N rates and rice cultivars in two years was at 28 days before heading (DBH). However, real-time of N timing at PIS was dependent on plant growth and N status around PIS that in turn was dependent on applied N rates at TS. The optimum N timing at PIS was at 30 DBH for no N treatments at TS while at 27 DBH for 3.6 and 7.2 kg N/10a treatments and at 27 and 29 DBH for Hwaseongbyeo and Daeanbyeo, respectively. In general, earlier applied N at PIS resulted in lower milled-rice protein content but the highest grain yield was expected to be obtained when N topdress at PIS was applied at the time when shoot N concentration started to drop below about 23 mg/g due to dilution effect after transplanting. In conclusion, the results of our experiments imply that the currently recommended N topdress time (24DBH) at PIS in Korea should be reconsidered for the higher grain yield and the better quality of rice.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.447-453
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• 2016

The reduction technologies of exhaust gas from both the off-road engine and on-road vehicles are important. It is possible to apply various combustion technologies with engines after the application of a treatment technology to this field. In this study, main injection timing, pilot injection timing, and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate were selected as the experimental parameters whose effects on the emission of exhaust gases and on the fuel consumption characteristics were to be determined. In the experiment, the emission of nitrogen oxide (NOx) and Smoke, and the Torque at the same fuel consumption level, were measured. The experimental data were analyzed using the Taguchi method with an L9 orthogonal array. Additionally, analysis of variation (ANOVA) was used to confirm the influence of each parameter. Consequently, the level of each parameter was selected based on the signal-to-noise ratio data (main injection timing, 3; pilot injection timing, 3; EGR rate, 2), and the results of the Taguchi prediction were verified experimentally (error: NOx, 10.3 %; Smoke, 6.6 %; brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), 0.6 %).

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.845-853
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to predict the timing of nitrogen (N) demand through analyzing chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF), soil-plant analysis development (SPAD), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), which are positively correlated with foliar N concentration in star cluster (Pentas lanceolata). The plants were grown in potting soil under optimal conditions for 30 d, followed by weekly irrigation with five concentrations (0, 4, 8, 16, and 24 mM) of N for an additional 30 d. These five N application levels corresponded to leaf N concentrations of 2.62, 3.48, 4.00, 4.23, and 4.69%, respectively. We measured 13 morphological and physiological parameters, as well as the responses of these parameters to various N-fertilizer treatments. The general increases in Dickson's quality index (DQI), above-ground dry weight (DW), total DW, flowering rate, ${\Delta}F/Fm$', and qP in response to treatment with 0 to 8 mM N were similar to those of SPAD, NDVI, and Fv/Fm. Consistent and strong correlations ($R^2$= 0.60 to 0.85) were observed between leaf N concentration (%) and SPAD, NDVI, ${\Delta}F/Fm$', and above-ground DW. Validation of leaf S PAD, NDVI, and ${\Delta}F/Fm$' revealed that these vegetation indices are accurate predictors of leaf N concentration that can be used for non-destructive estimation of the proper timing for N-solution irrigation of P. lanceolata. Moreover, irrigation with 8 mM N-fertilizer i s recommended w hen leaf N concentration, SPAD, NVDI, and ${\Delta}F/Fm$' ratios are reduced from their saturation values of 4.00, 50.68, 0.64, and 0.137%, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제67권4호
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• pp.451-457
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• 2024

Objective : Exploring protein requirements for critically ill patients has become prominent. On the other hand, considering the significant impact of coma therapy and targeted temperature management (TTM) on the brain as well as systemic metabolisms, protein requirements may plausibly be changed by treatment application. However, there is currently no research on protein requirements following the application of these treatments. Therefore, the aim of this study is to elucidate changes in patients' protein requirements during the application of TTM and coma therapy. Methods : This study is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from March 2019 to May 2022. Among the patients admitted to the intensive care unit, those receiving coma therapy and TTM were included. The patient's treatment period was divided into two phases (phase 1, application and maintenance of coma therapy and TTM; phase 2, tapering and cessation of treatment). In assessing protein requirements, the urine urea nitrogen (UUN) method was employed to estimate the nitrogen balance, offering insight into protein utilization within the body. The patient's protein requirement for each phase was defined as the amount of protein required to achieve a nitrogen balance within ±5, based on the 24-hour collection of UUN. Changes in protein requirements between phases were analyzed. Results : Out of 195 patients, 107 patients with a total of 214 UUN values were included. The mean protein requirement for the entire treatment period was 1.84±0.62 g/kg/day, which is higher than the generally recommended protein supply of 1.2 g/kg/day. As the treatment was tapered, there was a statistically significant increase in the protein requirement from 1.49±0.42 to 2.18±0.60 in phase 2 (p<0.001). Conclusion : Our study revealed a total average protein requirement of 1.84±0.62 g during the treatment period, which falls within the upper range of the preexisting guidelines. Nevertheless, a notable deviation emerged when analyzing the treatment application period separately. Hence, it is recommended to incorporate considerations for the type and timing of treatment, extending beyond the current guideline, which solely accounts for the severity by disease.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.63-63
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• 2022

Wheat flour can be categorized into bread, all-purpose, cake flour according to its protein content. Since optimal wheat flour protein content is different for each end use, it is necessary to diversify the nitrogen fertilizer methods depending on the end use and cultivar. Optimal wheat flour protein content of soft wheat (for cake flour) is lowest (<=10%) among all end use, it is necessary to develop nitrogen fertilizer methods for high yield and low protein content. In order to analyze the yield and quality changes of soft wheat as nitrogen fertilizer amount and splitting timing, soft wheat cultivar 'goso' was sown on paddy soil in jeunju, Republic of Korea ('21.10). the amount of nitrogen fertilizer was divided into 4 levels by adjusting 2kg/10a increments from 5.1 to ll.lkg/lOa, and in the N 7.1 and 9.1 kg/1 Oa(standard) treatment, N amount divided into sowing date:regrowing stage=3:7,4:6(standard), 5:5. In regrowing stage, Tiller number and N fertilizer amount at sowing date showed a correlation; y=-121.14x²+792.66x-525.41 (R²=0.77^*, y: Tiller number/m², x: N amount at sowing date(kg/10a)). Tiller number in regrowing stage was the highest when the nitrogen fertilizer amount at sowing date was 3.23kg/10a. spike number per m² was the highest when N fertilizer was divided into sowing date:regrowing stage=3:7(N amount: 9.1kg/10a). If N fertilizer amount was fixed, grain yield was also the highest when N fertilizer was divided into sowing date :regrowing stage=3:7. Also, N amount at sowing date and grain yield showed no correlation, but N amount at regrowing stage and grain yield showed significant correlation. As N amount increased, protein content also showed a tendency to increase.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.178-185
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• 1998

To reduce the particulate matter and nitrogen oxides from diesel engine, many studies are proceeding and being accomplished practically. In this situation CNG engine has important meaning both as a clean fuel and an alternative energy. In order to present the direction and application of CNG, we simulated various operating conditions, that is, spark timing, compression ratio and fuel composition etc. Thus we try to understand how those affect performance and exhaust characteristics. The simulation program results found that the optimum combustion start angle was 21$^{\circ}$ at 1800rpm and fuel composition affects performance and emissions, also we could understand the formation of emission as crank angle is changed.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 1999년도 Proceedings of the 1999 Annual Conference The Korean Society of Agricutural Engineers
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• pp.670-675
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• 1999

The effect of fertilizer applicatioin on ponded and percolation water in paddies were evaluated at the field plots of the Chungbuk National University for irrigation period. The chemical fertilicers were applied to the study polts at an average application rate of 77, 110, 165kgN/ha, respectively. The concentration of T-N , T-P and COD in ponded water greatly depends on the amount and timing of fertilizer applied. Therefore, the decrease in the amount of fertilizer and proper water management may be needed to decrease in the amount of fertilizer and proper water management may be needed to reduce the runoff loading.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2016

Non-esterified biodiesel fuel is cheaper than esterified that because of a simple manufacturing process that only consists of filtering. Applicability of this on diesel engine with electronic control system was accomplished, then optimization adopting a fractional factorial design and response surface methodology was carried out at 25% and 50% of engine load in this study. Pressure of common rail and injection timing mainly effected on responses as specific fuel oil consumption and nitrogen oxides regardless of engine load. Estimations were 310.3 g/kWh of specific fuel oil consumption and 237 ppm of nitrogen oxides at 25% load, and 233.2 g/kWh of specific fuel oil consumption and 730 ppm of nitrogen oxides at 50% load. Tests to verify these estimations were accomplished and as the results, specific fuel oil consumption was 300.4 g/kWh and NOx was 277 ppm at 25% load and 236.8 g/kWh and 573 ppm at 50% load.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.728-734
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 노지에 식재된 '부유' 단감나무에 있어서 6월이나 9월의 엽면시비가 관행적인 토양시비에 비해 영양 생장과 건물 축적, 질소함량 및 이들의 분포, 그리고 수령이 많아짐에 따라 증가하는 건물과 질소함량 가운데 수확 과실과 낙엽을 통해 나무로부터 영구적으로 소실되는 양적 비율을 추정하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 4-6년생 '부유' 단감나무로 6월과 9월에 1회 또는 2회 엽면시비구와 관행적인 6+9월 토양시비를 대조구로 두는 4처리를 3년간 같은 나무에 적용한 다음 매년 11월에 나무를 굴취하여 분석하였다. 주당 건물중은 4년생에서는 4.2-4.8kg, 5년생에서는 8.7-9.2kg, 6년생에서는 17.1-21.5kg이었지만 추비 시기 및 방법에 따른 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 건물중의 기관별 분포를 보면 신초는 3.3-10.2%, 잎은 5.7-10.5%, 2년생 이상 목질부는 8.3-31.4%, 뿌리는 13.0-27.0%, 과실은 28.0-59.3%였다. 뿌리와 과실의 건물중은 서로 반대되는 변화를 보였는데, 특히 과실 건물중이 주당 건물중의 50-60%에 달한 6년생 나무의 뿌리는 10.6-15.8%에 지나지 않았다. 주당 질소함량은 처리에 따른 차이 없이 4년생은 24.6-28.3g, 5년생은 48.3-53.5g, 6년생은 98.3-122.6g의 범위에 있었는데, 이중 신초에는 6.2-11.5%, 잎에는 16.7-24.3%, 2년생 이상 목질부에는 17.6-23.5%, 과실에는 16.9-34.4%, 뿌리에는 17.2-37.5%가 분포하고 있었고, 과실의 비율이 높아지면 뿌리의 비율이 낮아지는 것은 건물중에서의 변화와 비슷하였다. 잎과 과실을 통해 나무로부터 소실되는 건물중 비율은 추비 방법에 따른 차이 없이 4년생과 5년생에서는 41% 내외였으나 주당 수량이 많았던 6년생에서는 61%로 높았다. 4년생 나무는 전체 질소의 39%, 5년생에서는 43%, 6년생에서는 49%가 나무로부터 소실되는 것으로 나타났다. 부위별 건물중과 질소함량 모두 처리에 따른 유의적인 차이가 없음은 '부유' 단감나무 유목에 있어서 시비량이 월등히 적은 엽면시비의 이용가치를 입증하는 결과로 볼 수 있다.