• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.115-122
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to suggest the possibility of utilizing the wildflower pasture as the livestock herbage sources as well as promoting the public interests. Not only dry matter (DM) yield and soil properties of pastures were observed, but also chemical composition of herbages was analyzed. The experimental design includes four treatments: Conventional pasture(COP, forage 6 species), Bottomgrass pasture(BOP, turf grass 6 species), Native wildflower pasture(NWP, turf grass 6 species + native wildflower 11 species) and Introduced wildflower pasture(IWP, turf grass 6 species + introduced wildflower 9 species). The field trials were carried out on the experimental pasture plots at Chungnam National University throughout from 1997 to 2000. The results obtained are as follows : 1. As wildflower pasture was composed of turf grasses and wildflowers, the yearly mean of DM yield in the wildflower pastures (NWP 6,688kg/ha and IWP 7,240kg/ha) was lower than that of COP(8,592kg/ha) or BOP(7,264kg/ha)(p<0.05). This result indicated that the forage productivity of wildflower pasture for livestock is low. 2. The nutritive quality of herbages from wildflower pasture tended to be slightly low compared to that of COP and BOP. On the other hand, compared with IWP, the content of CP, NDF and lignin of herbages from NWP were lower than those from IWP, while IVDMD was higher(p<0.05). 3. The pH and the content of exchangeable Ca in NWP and IWP soils were tended to be low compared to those of COP in changes of soil properties after 3-years experimental trials, while the contents of organic matter, nitrogen, available phosphate, Mg and K were slightly improved. In conclusion, even though DM yield seem to be lower in wildflower pasture than those of COP, and the nutritive quality of herbages from wildflower pasture tended to be slightly low compared to that of COP and BOP. but, possibility of utilizing herbages from wildflower pasture for livestock was to some extent expected. In addition. compared to COP, wildflower pastures improved the property of soil. Thus, although wildflower pasture was not enough for livestock as a herbage, wildflower pasture has enough possibility for promoting the public interest.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.309-316
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• 2012

This study was performed to investigate the effects of forage cropping system and cattle slurry on productivity of whole crop rice, whole crop barley and Sorghum-Sudangrass hybrid and environmental pollution in paddy land. Forage cropping system used in this study was consisted of double-cropping whole crop barley followed by whole crop rice applied with cattle slurry (DWBRC) and double-cropping whole crop barley followed by Sorghum-Sudangrass hybrid applied with cattle slurry (DSSBC). The field experiments were conducted on the clay loam at Backsanmyun, Kimje, Chunlabukdo province in Korea for three years (May 2006 to Apr. 2009). This study was arranged in completely randomized design with three replicates. The field had been sown with whole crop rice 'Nampyung', Sorghum-Sudangrass hybrid 'Sordan79' and whole crop barley 'Younyang'. The yields of whole crop barley in DWBRC and DSSBC were 7,515 kg/ha and 8,515 kg/ha, respectively. The yields of whole crop barley in DSSBC significantly increased as compared with that of DWBRC (p<0.05). The contents of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), total digestible nutrient (TDN) of whole crop barley in DWBRC were not difference as compared with those of DSSBC. The pH, and contents of total nitrogen and organic matter in soil samples collected at the end of the experiment increased as compared with those at the beginning of the experiment (p<0.05). However, The content of phosphate in DWBRC was no difference as compared with DSSBC. In addition, after the end of experiment, the concentrations of exchangeable cations (Ca, Na, Mg and K) in soil samples collected at the end of the experiment were remarkably higher than those at the beginning of the experiment (p<0.05). The concentrations of $NH_4$-N, $NO_3$-N, $PO_4$-P, Cl, Ca, K, Mg and Na in leaching water were hardly influenced by the cropping system and application of cattle slurry.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2009

In this study, seasoning sauces were prepared with Geranium thunbergii sieb. et Zucc. (1%, PGT), Crataegi fructus (1%, PCF) and their combination (0.5% PGT + 0.5% PCF, bPMGC) and then the quality characteristics of the sauces and seasoned pork were investigated. The lightness, redness and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of the sauces were increased by the addition of Crataegi fructus. Sensory qualities such as taste, color and overall acceptability were scored higher in the sauce prepared with Crataegi fructus than the control. The viable cell counts of pork seasoned with the various sauces were 5.04 CFU/g (control), 4.59 CFU/g (PGT), 3.88 CFU/g (PCF) and 4.38 CFU/g (PMGC) after storage for 15 days at $4^{\circ}C$, respectively. The coliform count of the control pork was below 1.0 CFU/g after storage for 25 days and coliform were not detected in PGT, PCF and PMGC after storage for 10 days at $4^{\circ}C$. The thiobarbitunc acid reaotive substance values of PGT, PCF and PMGC were significantly lower than that of control, but volatile basic nitrogen contents were not significantly different between the treated and untreated pork samples during storage. Cooking loss increased in all treatments during storage for 25 days and their water holding capacity increased during storage for 10 days and decreased thereafter. The lightness, redness and yellowness values of PCF were higher than those of the control. The sensory qualities of PCF, including taste, color and overall acceptability, were significantly improved compared to the control. Finally, the pork seasoned with the sauce containing 1% Crataegi fructus extract had significantly improved shelflife, water holding capacity, inhibition of rancidity, color and sensory quality.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.55-61
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• 2020

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) has been a promising technology to reduce the air pollution caused by nitrogen oxides (NOx) in several industries. The consumption of SCR catalysts increases every year as technology evolves, however those have a limited lifespan and usually end up in landfills after they deactivate. Currently, the most widely used catalyst for and stationary applications is V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂ which can contain around 50% wt V₂O₅ and 7-10% wt of WO₃. The vast uses for both vanadium and tungsten and the worldwide interest in recycling methods that allow for the extraction of metals from secondary sources represent the major motivation for this research. The extraction time, pH dependency, extraction concentration studies were carried out using Aliquat 336 in exxol D80 as the extractant. It was determined that to optimize the extraction of both metals 30min of contact time with an organic phase containing 0.5mol/L of Aliquat 336 are needed at a slightly acidic pH (~5.0). In addition, counter McCabe-Thiele studies allowed us to determine that one stage is necessary for the removal of 99% of vanadium while 2 stages are necessary for the extraction of tungsten and counter current simulations proved that the theoretical approach was correct.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2011

NO oxidation is an important prerequisite step to assist the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) at low temperatures ($<200^{\circ}C$). Therefore, we conducted the lab- and bench-scales experiments appling the sodium chlorite powder ($NaClO_2(s)$) for the oxidation of NO to $NO_2$ and the carbon-based catalyst for the reduction of $NO_x$ and $SO_2$; the lab- and bench-scales experiments were conducted in laboratory and iron-ore sintering plant, respectively. In the lab-scale experiment, known concentrations of $NO_x$ (200 ppm), $SO_2$ (75 ppm), $H_2O$ (10%) and $NH_3$ (400 ppm) in 2.6 L/min were introduced into a packed-bed reactor containing $NaClO_2(s)$, then gases produced by the reaction with $NaClO_2(s)$ were fed into the carbon-based catalyst (space velocity = $2,000hr^{-1}$) at $130^{\circ}C$. In the bench-scale experiment, flue gases of $50Nm^3/hr$ containing 120 ppm NO and 150 ppm $SO_2$ were taken out from the duct of iron-ore sintering plant, then introduced into the flow reactor; $NaClO_2(s)$ were injected into the flow reactor using a screw feeder. Gases produced by the reaction with $NaClO_2(s)$ were introduced into the carbon-based catalyst (space velocity = $1,000hr^{-1}$). Results have shown that, in both lab- and bench-scales experiments, NO was oxidized to $NO_2$ by $NaClO_2(s)$. In addition, above 90% of $NO_x$ and $SO_2$ removal were obtained at the carbon-based catalyst. These results lead us to suggest that the combination of $NaClO_2(s)$ with the carbon-based catalyst has the potential to achieve the simultaneous removal of $NO_x$ and $SO_2$ at low temperature ($<200^{\circ}C$).

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.43-51
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• 2006

Generally abandoned mine soils have serious problems for introducing vegetation such as nutrient deficiency, poor physical properties, and phytotoxicity due to high levels of heavy metals. It is required to improve soil amenity for revegetation. One of its strategies is using organic materials such as compost manure and sludge. The pot experiments was conducted to evaluate the effects of pig manure and municipal sewage sludge on revegetation of mining area soil surface with Artemisia princeps and Zoysia japonica. Application rate of pig manure and municipal sewage sludge was $75{\sim}225$ Mg/ha and $150{\sim}450$ Mg/ha, respectively. The results showed that the application of manure and sludge increased organic matter about two-fold and total nitrogen contents about five-fold of mine soil and improved the growth of plants in all treatments compared to the control. The result of plant tissue analysis showed that both plants accumulate Cd, Cu and Zn in root tissue rather than shoot tissues. Increased sludge application reduced Zn accumulation in both plant tissue. Sequential extraction results indicated that addition of soil amendment induced increment of organically bound fractions of Cu and Zn. Organically bound fraction of Zn was significantly increased from 7.84% to 13.58% in Artemisia princeps planted soil and from 7.84% to 14.16% in Zoysia japonica planted soil, thereby bioavailability of heavy metals was reduced. The results suggested that application of organic materials to mine soil can reduce phytotoxicity of heavy metals and be helpful in introducing successful revegetation.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2001

A strain of Dictyophora echinovolvata ASI 32002 showing good fruiting body formation was selected. Analyses of chemical and nutritional components as well as antimicrobial activity of different parts of the mushroom such as mycelium, egg, and fruiting body were carried out. There were differences in the chemical compositions and the quantities depending on developmental stages of veiled lady mushroom, D. echinovolvata ASI 32002. Nitrogen, phosphate, magnesium, and calcium in inorganic chemicals were abundant in mycelium, and potassium and mineral elements were abundant in the egg and fruiting body. Mannitol and trehalose were abundant in free sugar contents. Glutamic acid and arginine in mycelium and aspartic acid and glutamic acid in egg and fruiting body were abundant in free amino acid contents. Linoleic acid, an polyunsaturated fatty acid, was abundant in all parts of the Dictyophora species, but compositions and quantities of other fatty acids varied depending on the different parts of the mushroom. It was detected that malic acid, lactic acid and acetic acid in mycelium, formic acid, acetic acid and fumaric acid in egg, and malic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, fumaric acid in fruiting body were abundant. The methanol extracts of D. echinovolvata ASI 32002 mycelium showed antifungal activity with minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of $62{\sim}125\;{\mu}g/ml$ that was similar levels of cyclohexamide against Aspergillus awamori, Hypocrea nigricance and Trichoderma virens. The MIC of extracts from mycelium and fruiting body against Candida albicans was $250\;{\mu}g/ml$, similar to that of tetracycline. In addition to the above results, further as food additives and ingredient of cosmetics.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.302-307
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• 2014

To examine the trophic ecology of the ascidian Styela clava in an aquaculture system of Korea, stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes were analyzed monthly in S. clava, coarse ($>20{\mu}m$, CPOM) and fine particulate organic matters ($0.7<<20{\mu}m$, FPOM). CPOM (means: $-18.5{\pm}1.2$‰, $9.3{\pm}0.7$‰) were significantly higher ${\delta}^{13}C$ and ${\delta}^{15}N$ values than those ($-20.5{\pm}1.5$‰, $8.4{\pm}0.5$‰) of FPOM. S. clava had mean ${\delta}^{13}C$ and ${\delta}^{15}N$ values of $-18.9({\pm}1.7)$‰ and $11.6({\pm}0.7)$‰, respectively. S. clava were more similar to seasonal variations in ${\delta}^{13}C$ and ${\delta}^{15}N$ values of FPOM than those of CPOM, suggesting that they rely largely on the FPOM as a dietary source. In addition, our results displayed that the relative importance between CPOM and FPOM as dietary source for the ascidians can be changed according to the availability of each component in ambient environment, probably reflecting their feeding plasticity due to non-selective feeding irrespective of particle size. Finally, our results suggest that dynamics of pico- and nano-size plankton (i.e., FPOM) as an available nutritional source to S. clava should be effectively assessed to maintain and manage their sustainable aquaculture production.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.1178-1184
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of ethanol extract of antler velvet (EAV) on common serum chemistry panels and histopathological change in rats exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Administration of TCDD ($50{\mu}g/kg$ body weight) induced significant decrease in platelet count (p<0.01), creatine phosphokinase (CPK, p<0.01), lactatate dehydrogenase (LDH, p<0.05) and glucose (p<0.05) levels and increase in hemoglobin (p<0.05), aspartate aminotransferase (AST, p<0.01), alanine amino transferase (ALT, p<0.05) and lipase activities (p<0.05), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN, p<0.05), triglyceride (p<0.01) and low density lipoptotein cholesterol (LDL-C, p<0.05) levels. However, pretreatment of EAV at daily dose of 20 mg/kg b.w. from 1 wk before TCDD exposure for 5 wks attenuated the abnormality of the overall serum chemistry panels but statistical difference between TE and TA groups was observed only in testicular weight (p<0.01), LDH activity (p<0.05), glucose (p<0.05) and lipase activity (p<0.01). In addition, TCDD induced significant histopathological changes including swelling, fatty metamorphosis, and vacuolar degeneration in liver; edema in proximal and distal convoluted tubules, and glomerulus in kidney; severe atrophy of red purple and appearance of significant number of macrophage in spleen; prominent atrophy and decrease in immune cells in thymus. On the other hand, administration of EAV attenuated histopathological damage induced by TCDD. These results further suggest that administration of EAV attenuates TCDD induced testicular, liver, pancreatic, hematopoietic and nephrotic toxicities in rats.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 1976

As a basic studies for increasing food production utilizing sandy barren lands and sandy farmlands of low productivity which distributed widely in Korea, an experiment of growing rice-plant on sandy barren land was undertaken as follows. 1. Variety, IR-667 was adopted and the growing method was a nutrient-irrigation culture which aimed to minimize percolation loss in sand with an automatic contineous supplying nutrient solution for supplmenting the sand characteristics. 2. The growth type price-plant after heading was a typical higher yield plant, that is, numerous, small, narrow, and thickend leaves, straight attitute, dense fasciculated etc. though the rooting of plant after planting was delayed because of using paddy-field grown seedling. 3. The adaptability of rice-plants on sandy land seemed to be different by varieties and IR-667 was more adaptable than ordinary Japonica varieties. 4. Even at the period of heading and maturing, the root system of rice-plant grown on sand showed vigorous growth having more activated apical portions. while, even the lower leaves showed flourished state. 5. The suppling of calcium and magnecium in addition to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on sand made notable increase of stem number per plant, grain number per stem and yields.