• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2011

본 연구는 질산희토비료의 시비에 따른 크리핑 벤트그래스의 생육에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 처리구는 비료의 시비량에 따라 무처리구(NF), 복합비료 만을 시비한 대조구(CF), 질산희토비료의 처리량에 따라 $0.3{\cdot}g{\cdot}m^{-2}$, 0.5 $g{\cdot}m^{-2}$, 1.0 $g{\cdot}m^{-2}$을 각각 처리한 처리구1(RE-1), 처리구2(RE-2), 처리구3(RE-3)이었고, 질산희토비료만을 처리한 처리구4(RE-4)였고, 각 처리구는 난괴법, 3반복으로 수행하였고, 엽색지수 및 엽록소지수와 같은 잔디품질, 잔디밀도, 건물중 및 잔디양분함유량을 조사하였다. 시험 전후 토양분석결과, 질산희토비료에 따른 토양화학성의 변화는 나타나지 않아 질산희토비료의 시비가 골프코스의 토양화학성의 변화에 영향을 미치지 않음을 확인하였다. 엽색지수와 엽록소지수를 조사한 결과, 질산희토비료의 시비 에 따라 비슷하거나 약간 증가하였고, RE-2의 처리가 가장 좋은 잔디품질을 나타내었다. 잔디밀도 조사 결과, 질산희토비료의 시비에 단일시비에 의해 9%증가하였고, 관행시비에 첨가하여 시비할 경우 RE-2에서 22%증가하였으며, 잔디 건물중은 통계적 유의성을 나타내지 않았다. 잔디 성분 중 질소함량이 질산희토비료를 처리한 잔디에서 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과들을 통해 질산희토비료는 크리핑벤트그래스에서 질소흡수가 촉진되고, 잔디밀도를 향상되어 잔디품질을 향상시키는 가능이 있는 것으로 평가되었다.

• 환경생물
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.297-305
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• 2014

부산시 강서구 낙동강 하구에서 채집한 방사무늬김(Porphyra yezoensis Ueda)의 용존산소 생산율은 $68.8{\pm}46.0{\mu}mol\;{g_{FW}}^{-1}h^{-1}$, 질산염과 인산염 흡수율은 각각 $2.5{\pm}1.8{\mu}mol\;{g_{FW}}^{-1}h^{-1}$, $0.18{\pm}0.11{\mu}mol\;{g_{FW}}^{-1}h^{-1}$ 그리고 용존무기탄소 흡수율은 $87.1{\pm}57.3{\mu}mol\;{g_{FW}}^{-1}h^{-1}$이었다. 용존산소 생산율과 질산염, 인산염, 용존무기탄소 흡수율은 각각 음의 선형관계를 보여, 광합성활동에 의한 결과물임을 파악할 수 있었다. 김의 생중량에 따른 이들 성분의 생산/흡수율은 로그함수적으로 감소하여, 성체(>~0.3 g)보다는 어린 엽체의 광합성효율이 매우 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 질소부족으로 인한 황백화가 양식초기에도 발생할 수 있음을 제시하였다. 우리나라 시도 단위로 월별 생산되는 김 생산량과 양식면적을 바탕으로 질소요구량과 탄소흡수율을 산정한 결과, 생산량이 가장 높은 전라남도보다 부산(경상남도 포함)과 전라북도의 단위면적당 질소요구량이 높았다. 최근 김 황백화가 빈발하는 전라북도는 좁은 면적에서의 과밀 생산과 최대수확기가 육상과 저층으로부터 영양염 공급이 부족한 12~1월인 점 등이 황백화의 원인인 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.664-668
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• 2005

An experimental study for the comparison of nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies between $A^2/O$ and modified Phostrip (M-Phostrip process) were carried out with bench-scale reactors. In case of nitrogen removal efficiencies both of processes showed similar ones when influent organic loadings were high. However, M-phostrip process was more effective than $A^2/O$ at low organic loadings. This is why M-phostrip process consumes the whole mass of influent organics as a carbon sources for denitrification in anoxic reactor but the anoxic reactor of $A^2/O$ process utilizes the residual carbon followed by consumming a part of influent carbon for phosphorus release in anaerobic reactor. $A^2/O$ process required the influent COD/T-P and COD/TKN ratios were more than 56 and 10, respectively, to take place the phosphorus release in anaerobic process and phosphorus uptake in oxic process. However, the luxury uptake of phosphorus in M-phostrip process was not affected by influent COD/T-P and COD/TKN ratios and the adverse effect of nitrate in return sludge introduced to the p-stripper from the 2nd clarifier was not significant due to the configurational advantage of the p-stripper.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2011

The green algae Scenedesmus acuminatus was cultured in different media: animal wastewater and an artificial culture medium in order to evaluate potential use for tertiary treatment. The experiments were conducted with air flowrate 1~2 L/min at $28{\sim}30^{\circ}C$. The nitrogen and phosphorus showed very similar removal efficiencies (68~77 % and 69~80 % for nitrogen and phosphorus respectively). The optimal fed period was estimated as three days in the semi-continuous experiment. The effects of $CO_2$ (4.5 %) injection on nutrient uptake from animal wastewater (biological treatment effluent) were compared to an air injection under the same conditions of light and photoperiod. The uptake rates of nutrient with air injection were observed 0.009 gN/gChl-a/day, 0.028 gN/gChl-a/day and T-P 0.003 gP/gChl-a/day for nitrate, total nitrogen and phosphorus respectively. The rates were enhanced by addition of $CO_2$ to 0.026 gN/gChl-a/day, 0.076 gN/gChl-a/day and T-P 0.018 gP/gChl-a/day. This study establishes that $CO_2$ addition during nutrient deprivation of microalgal cells may accelerate tertiary wastewater treatment.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2001

질산태 질소 수준이 $55{\sim}306mg\;kg^{-1}$인 6개 시설재배 토양에 대하여 시비수준을 무비구와 표준시비구로 구분하여 토마토의 생산력과 엽록소 측정치(SPAD, Minolta 502)의 상호관계를 조사하고 덧거름 시용량 결정을 위한 식물체 검정법의 활용 가능성을 비교 검토하였다. 토마토 잎의 엽록소 측정치는 단위 엽면적 당 질소 흡수량과 유의성 있는 정의 상관관계를 보여 식물체의 질소 영양진단의 지표로 활용 가능한 것으로 확인되었다. 토마토 재배기간 동안 엽록소 측정치는 정식후 45일째 15매엽에서 최대를 보인후 감소되는 경향을 보였으며 시비수준과 질산태 질소 함량에 관계없이 동일한 경향이었다. 이러한 결과로부터 토마토의 질소 영양진단을 위한 기준시기와 기준엽위는 정식후 45일 이전과 15매엽 이하가 효율적일 것으로 생각되었다. 정식후 40일째 14매엽의 엽록소 측정치는 토양의 질산태 질소 함량및 무비구 토마토의 건물중 그리고 무비구 토마토에 의한 질소흡수량과 유의성 있는 정의 상관을 보이며 2차함수의 곡선적 관계를 나타냈다. 무비구 토마토의 최대 건물중과 최대 질소 흡수량으로 추정한 엽록소 측정치는 57.1로 동일하게 평가되었다. 따라서 토마토 정식후 40일째 엽록소 측정치는 질소 웃거름 시비량을 결정하기 위한 식물체 검정법으로 활용 가능한 것으로 생각되었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.197-202
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• 2003

Phosphorus is one of the major plant growth limiting nutrients, despite being abundant in soils in both inorganic and organic forms. Phosphobioinoculants in the form of microorganisms can help in increasing the availability of accumulated phosphates for plant growth by solubilization. Penicillium oxalicum CBPSTsa, isolated from paddy rhizosphere, was studied for its phosphate solubilization. The influence of various carbon sources like glucose, sucrose, mannitol and sorbitol and nitrogen sources like arginine, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride and ammonium sulphate were evaluated using liquid media with tricalcium phosphate (Ca-P), ferric phosphate (Fe-P) and aluminium phosphate (Al-P). Maximum soluble phosphate of 824 mg/L was found in the amendment of sucrose-sodium nitrate from 5 g/L of Ca-P. Mannitol, sorbitol, and ariginine were poor in phosphate solubilization. While sucrose was better carbon source in solubilization of Ca-P and Al-P, glucose fared better in solubilization of Fe-P. Though all the nitrogen sources enhanced P solubilization, nitrates were better than ammonium In the amendments of ammonium chloride and ammonium sulphate, higher uptake of available phosphates by the fungus was found, and this resulted in depletion of available P in Fe-P amendment Phosphate solubilization was accompanied by acidification of the media, and the highest pH decrease was observed in glucose amendment Among the nitrogen sources, ammonium chloride favored greater pH decrease.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.137-141
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• 2002

Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 grew in chromium (Cr) containing Chu-10 (basal) and nitrate-supplemented media, and the growth of the organism in $100{\mu}M$ chromium was found to be 50% of that in control medium. The growth in nitrate $({NO_3}^-)$ supplemented cultures was better as compared to cultures grown in basal medium. Free cells from basal and nitrate-supplemented media removed 5.2 and 7.4 nmol of chromium $mg^{-1}$protein in 8 h, respectively, from the medium containing $30{\mu}M$ chromium. The efficiency of chromium removal increased 7-fold in imidazole buffer (0.2 M, pH 7.0). A cell density equivalent to $100{\mu}g$ protein $ml^{-1}$ was found to be optimum for maximum Cr removal. Entrapment of cells in calcium-alginate beads did not affect the rate of Cr uptake by the cells. The efficiency of the laboratory-scale continuous flow bioreactor $(12.5{\times}2cm)$ loaded with alginate-immobilized cells (10 mg protein) and fed with $30{\mu}M$ chromium solution was compared at different flow rates. The efficiency of the bioreactor varied with flow rates. In terms of percent removal of Cr from influent, a flow rate of 0.1 ml $min^{-1}$ was found to be optimum for 6 h (54% Cr removal efficiency). Maximum amount of Cr (883 nmol) was removed by the cells in 3 h at a flow rate of 0.5 ml $min^{-1}$. The potential use of A. variabilis in removing Cr from industrial effluents is discussed.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.393-399
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• 2020

The use of different types of wastewater (WW) for the cultivation of microalgae and cyanobacteria during recent decades has provided important economic and environmental benefits. However, direct use of WW can lead to growth inhibition and biomass contamination. In the present study, we separated the key WW nutrients, namely nitrate and phosphate, by adsorption and regeneration and used the resulting regenerated water to cultivate the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis. The adsorbent was granular γ-alumina derived from waste aluminum cans. This procedure recovered 19.9% of nitrate and 23.7% of phosphate from WW. The cyanobacterial cultures efficiently assimilated the nutrients from the medium prepared using regenerated WW, and the growth and nutrient uptake were similar to those in a synthetic medium. In addition, imposing nutrient limitations to increase carbohydrate productivity was easily achieved using regenerated wastewater nutrients, without requiring additional dilution or complex processing. In acute toxicity tests, the harvested biomass in a regenerated medium had similar toxicity levels compared to the biomass obtained from a synthetic medium. The proposed method of using regenerated WW to produce contamination-free biomass has broad potential applications.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.220-225
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• 2013

2001년 국립식량과학원 인공기상실에서 수경재배로 규산의 시용 여부가 영양생장기 벼의 수분과 질소흡수량에 미치는 효과를 조사하여 규산시용 여부 및 공급된 질소의 형태별 처리에 의한 시험품종들의 수분과 질소이용효율을 산출한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 처리 67일 후의 벼 건물중은 규산처리 시험구 및 $NH_4+NO_3$ 혼합시용 처리구가 규산을 처리하지 않은 시험구 및 NH4 단독시용 처리구보다 유의하게 증가하였음. 2. 이앙 후 67일간 조사된 벼의 수분흡수량은 규산처리와 규산 무처리 간의 차이가 없었으나 질소흡수량은 규산 무처리에 비해 규산처리구에서 유의하게 증가하였음. 3. 질소형태별로는 $NH_4$ 단독 시용보다$NH_4+NO_3$ 혼합시용에서 규산처리 여부와 관계없이 수분과 질소흡수량이 월등히 많았음. 4. 수분이용효율은 규산처리 시험구가 규산을 처리하지 않은 시험구에 비해 유의하게 증가하였으나 질소형태별 처리에서는 차이가 없었음. 5. 질소형태의 혼합처리가 암모늄태 단독처리보다 질소 흡수량은 유의하게 많았으나 질소이용효율은 감소하였음.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2013

The water uptake by fine aerosol in the atmosphere has been investigated at Gosan, Korea during ABC-EAREX 2005. The concentration of inorganic ion and carbon components, size distribution, and light scattering coefficients in normal and dry conditions were simultaneously measured for $PM_{2.5}$ by using a parallel integrated monitoring system. The result of this study shows that ambient fine particles collected at Gosan were dominated by water-soluble ionic species (35%) and carbonaceous materials (18%). In addition, it shows the large growth of aerosol in the droplet mode when RH is higher than 70%. Size distribution of the particulate surface area in a wider size range ($0.07-17{\mu}m$) shows that the elevation of RH make ambient aerosol grow to be the droplet mode one around $0.6{\mu}m$ or the coarse mode one, larger than $2.5{\mu}m$. Hygroscopic factor data calculated from the ratio of aerosol scattering coefficients at a given ambient RH and a reference RH (25%) show that water uptake began at the intermediate RH range, from 40% to 60%, with the average hygroscopic factor of 1.10 for 40% RH, 1.11 for 50% RH, and 1.17 for 60% RH, respectively. Finally, average chemical composition and the corresponding growth curves were analyzed in order to investigate the relationship between carbonaceous material fraction and hygroscopicity. As a result, the aerosol growth curve shows that inorganic salts such as sulphate and nitrate as well as carbonaceous materials including OC largely contribute to the aerosol water uptake.