• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 2004

A disease causing severe leaf spots in pepper plants has been observed in northern Gyeongbuk and Gangwon provinces in Korea since 1994. The current study diagnosed the disease as gray leaf spot caused by Stemphylium solani Weber and S. lycopersici (Enjoji) Yamamoto, both of which are pathogenic in pepper and tomato plants. Although the disease has been found in almost all areas where peppers are grown, it is more severe in mountain terrains where the nights are cool. Both species of pathogenic fungi were found to sporu-late profusely on V-8 juice agar in plastic or Pyrex glass Petri dishes, although not in domestically-produced glass Petri dishes, when cultured at $20^{\circ}C$ under irradi-ation from a daylight fluorescent lamp with a 12-hour light and dark alternation. The domestically-produced glass Petri dishes, which are made of window glass, were found to block near ultraviolet wavelengths, around and below 300 nm, which explained why the fungi did not sporulate. However, sporulation decreased at above $25^{\circ}C$ and most isolates failed to sporulate above $27^{\circ}C$. The worst level of disease was obtained when the inoculated plants were incubated with a $15^{\circ}C$ night and $20^{\circ}C$ day temperature regime relative to 4 night/day temperature combinations (15/20, 20/25, 25/30, and 30/35$^{\circ}C$).

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 2023

Objective: This study addressed the case of a cerebral infarction patient with recurring aspiration pneumonia. Methods: A patient diagnosed with cerebral infarction with recurring aspiration pneumonia was treated with Korean medicine therapies, including herbal medication (Shigyungbanha-tang-gami), acupuncture, electro-acupuncture, and moxibustion combined with antibiotics for 31 days. To evaluate the therapeutic effect, we checked chest X-rays, lab evaluations, the number of night suctions, and body temperature. Results: After treatment, chest X-rays and inflammation markers improved. In addition, the number of night suctions decreased, and the body temperature was normalized. Aspiration pneumonia recurred. However, the intensity of the symptoms gradually weakened, and the recovery speed increased. Conclusion: These results suggest that Korean medicine therapies, including Shigyungbanha-tang-gami combined with antibiotics, have a beneficial effect on recurring aspiration pneumonia, an additional disease related to cerebral infarction.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2017

Thermal imaging is mainly used in military equipment required for night observation. In particular, technologies of uncooled thermal imaging detectors are being developed as applied to low-cost night observation system. Many system integrators require different specifications of the uncooled thermal imaging camera but their development time is short. In this approach, EOSYSTEM has developed a small size, TEC-less uncooled thermal imaging camera module with $32{\times}32mm$ size and low power consumption. Both domestic detector and import detector are applied to the EOSYSTEM's thermal imaging camera module. The camera module contains efficient infrared image processing algorithms including : Temperature compensation non-uniformity correction, Bad/Dead pixel replacement, Column noise removal, Contrast/Edge enhancement algorithms providing stable and low residual non-uniformity infrared image.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 1992

The characteristics of suspended particulate matters(dust) in Seoul had been studied. The effects of various environmental factors, such as passengers, motor vehicles, wind velocity, wind direction, temperature and humidity were examined during the study period. It was shown that the dust emission occurred through the heating was the major source, and the contribution of passengers and motor vehicles was relatively negligible during the night. It was also revealed that the number concentration between $0.5{\mu}m$ and $2.0{\mu}m$ was increased due to the attachment among the dusts and mists by the increased humidity during the night. Considering the fact that the particles larger than $2{\mu}m$ take the most part of weight concentration, it was suggested that the PM-10 method which considered respirable particle as a weighting factor should be adapted in the evaluation air quality.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2017

We propose a new graphical method for selecting a pair of optical and housing materials to simultaneously athermalize and achromatize an LWIR optical system. To have a much better opportunity to select the IR glasses and housing materials, an athermal glass map is expanded by introducing the DOE with negative chromatic power. Additionally, from the depth of focus in an LWIR optical system, the tolerable housing boundary is provided to realize an athermal and achromatic system even for not readily available housing material. Thus, we can effectively determine a pair of optical and housing materials by reducing the thermal shift to be less than the depth of focus. By applying this method to design a night vision camera lens, the chromatic and thermal defocuses are reduced to less than the depth of focus, over the specified waveband and temperature ranges.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.8-16
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristic of thermal environment in the summer season by conducting the field observation of temperature, relative humidity, and globe temperature in some parts of the city. Observation point was divided to a densely populated area, a residential area, a green area, a waterfront green area and a suburban district by the distribution ratio of green area. In this study, the correlation between maximum temperature and globe temperature, study on index for intensity of the tropical night and the temperature distribution characteristic of measurement points by the distribution ratio of green area were analyzed. The results of this study are as follows. (1) The difference between temperature and globe temperature by the distribution ratio of green area is confirmed. The difference of nighttime is more clearly that of daytime. (2) The average temperature and globe temperature of the densely populated area($29.2^{\circ}C$, $33.7^{\circ}C$) are higher than that of the waterfront green area($27.9^{\circ}C$, $32.0^{\circ}C$) by $1.3^{\circ}C$ and $1.7^{\circ}C$, respectively. (3) The number of tropical nights has different days of tropical nights by the distribution ratio of green area of 17days for the Daegu weather station, 14days for adensely populated area, 14days for a residential area, 6days for a green area, 2days for a waterfront green area, and 2days for a suburban district. (4) The results of the slope of trend line for the effects of the temperature on globe temperature change and the intercept for the size of the impact of radiant energy gained around by the analysis of the correlation between the maximum temperature and globe temperature can be utilized objective evaluation index of the each point's artificial effects.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.420-425
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• 1986

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of air temperature and relative humidity on excessive drying rate of burley tobacco. In experiment I, 4 temperatures and I humidity by day and air curing by night were treated from initial curing stage. In experiment II, 15 combinations of 3 temperatures and 5 humidities were applied from the yellow stage of cure. Yellowish cured leaves resulted from overdrying at high temperature and especially, at low humidity. How- ever, these were not produced at 75-80% RH and under 35$^{\circ}C$ by day with air curing b y night. The proper range of temperature and humidity for desirable color of cured leaf were the combinations of 30$^{\circ}C$, 75-80% RH or 35$^{\circ}C$, 80-85% RH. As excessive drying leaves increased, physical properties of cured leaves were poorer and chemical contents were less decomposed.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 1997

The concentrations of dimethylsulfide (DMS) were determined using samples collected from a station located at Kosan, Cheju Island during two field campaigns held in December 1996 and January 1997. The atmospheric DMS concentrations measured at 6-hr intervals during the entire campaign periods, after excluding a few extreme values, spanned in the range of 14 to 410 pptv with mean and 1 SD value of 127 $\pm$ 94 pptv (N=42). Between two month periods during which the field campaigns were conducted, a notable reduction in DMS levels was observed which was comparable to the dramatic shift in air temperature. A considerable difference was also noted in DMS levels, when data were grouped by day/night basis. The cause of unexpected, high day-to-night DMS ratios is best explained in terms of high efficiency of daytime source processes relative to low efficiency of nighttime sink processes due to the characteristics of the study location. The surface water DMS of the study site, although scarcely measured, also behaved similarly to its atmospheric counterpart with its range from 0.3 to 19 nM (N=11). When correlation analysis was conducted between the atmospheric DMS concentration and other concurrently determined parameters, significant correlations were observed from most basic meteorological parameters such as windspeed, relative humidy, and air temperature. However, the existence of "not-so-strong" correlations between air temperature and DMS concentrations relative to other ones indicated that the effect of temperature on DMS behavior must be reflected in more complicated manners at the study site. The sea-to-air flux of DMS was approximated through an application of the mass-balance flux calculation method of Wylie and de Mora (1996) under the assumption that sink mechanism within the marine boundary layer is in steady-state condition with its counterpart, source mechanism. Based on this estimation method, we reached a conclusion that oceanic DMS emitted from the southwest sea of the Korean Peninsula can amount to approximately 9 $\sim$ 36 Gg S $yr^{-1}$.$yr^{-1}$.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.1026-1036
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• 2014

Real-time monitoring for environmental factors (temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a, etc.) and fugacity of carbon dioxide ($fCO_2$) was conducted at an oyster Crassostrea gigas farm in Goseong Bay, south coast of Korea during 2-4th of November, 2011. Surface temperature and salinity were ranged from $17.9-18.7^{\circ}C$ and 32.7-33.8, respectively, with daily and inter-daily variations due to tidal currents. Surface $fCO_2$ showed a range of $390-510{\mu}atm$ and was higher than air $CO_2$ during the study period. Surface temperature, salinity and $fCO_2$ are showed significant correlations with chl.-a and nutrients, respectively. It means when chl.-a value is high in surface water of the oyster farm, active biological production consume $CO_2$ and nutrients from environments and produce oxygen, suggesting a tight feedback between biological processes and environmental reaction. Thus, factors affecting the surface $fCO_2$ were evaluated using a simple mass balance. Temperature and biological productions by phytoplankton are the main factors for $CO_2$ drawdown from afternoon to early night, while biological respiration increases seawater $CO_2$ at night. Air-sea exchange fraction acts as a $CO_2$ decreasing gear during the study period and is much effective when the wind speed is higher than $2-3m\;s^{-1}$. Future studies about organic carbon and biological production/respiration are required for evaluating the roles of oyster farms on carbon sink and coastal carbon cycle.

• Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

Low-temperature stress is an important factor controlling the growth and development of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in temperate region. In this study, a molecular linkage map consisting of 136 SSR markers was employed to identify QTL associated with cold tolerance at the seedling stage. 80 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from an intersubspecific cross between Milyang23 (O. sativa ssp. Indica) and Hapcheonaengmi3, a japonica weedy rice and the parents were evaluated for leaf discoloration and SAPD value of seedlings. Rice plants were grown for 15 days in the low-temperature condition (13/20℃ day/night) and the control condition (25/20℃ day/night) in the growth chamber. The degree of leaf discoloration showed a highly significant correlation with the SPAD value in the low-temperature plot (r = -0.708, P < 0.0001). A total of four QTLs for SPAD were identified and the phenotypic variance explained by each QTL ranged from 5.4 to 16.0%. Two QTLs detected in the control condition were located on chromosomes 2 and 5, respectively. Two QTL on chromosomes 1 and 4 were detected at the low-temperature condition and Hapcheonaengmi3 alleles increased the SPAD values at these loci. Substitution mapping was conducted to delimit the position of qSPA-4 using introgression lines derived from the same cross. Results indicated that qSPA-4 was located in a 810-Kb region flanked by RM16333 and RM16368. The results indicated that Hapcheonaengmi3 contains QTL alleles that are likely to improve cold tolerance of Indica rice.