• 한국생활과학회지
• /
• 제18권6호
• /
• pp.1363-1374
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to determine the actual state of the indoor air quality in newly built or remodeled kindergartens by TVOC and HCHO concentration and teachers' responses. The field measurements on the levels of TVOC and HCHO were carried out in six classrooms of newly built or remodeled kindergartens before their opening. The interviews with teachers of subject kindergartens were carried out at the end of the first semester. The contents of the interviews were teachers' subjective responses and symptoms of the kindergarten pupils on the Sick New-School Syndrome. The results are as follows; the mean value of TVOC concentration in the classrooms of kindergartens ranged from 0.10ppm to 0.42ppm, which can theoretically exert a harmful influence on residents. The mean value of HCHO concentration ranged from 0.00ppm to 0.03ppm, which does not exceed the standard. The TVOC concentrations of the more ventilated kindergartens were lower than the others. Also, the classrooms with high concentrations of TVOC showed negative responses or symptoms in teachers and kindergarten pupils.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제16권9호
• /
• pp.550-556
• /
• 2006

Photosensitive carbon nanotube (CNT) pastes are explored to develop a CNT field emitter for field emission display (FED) application. We formulated a photosensitive paste including multi-walled CNTs (MWNTs) for screen printing. The photosensitive CNT paste was synthesized by mixing of MWNTs, inorganic fillers (nano metal), organic vehicle, monomers and photo initiator. The CNT paste films were patterned by using backside exposure technique. The CNTs were strongly fixed on a cathode by formation of carbon residue during firing process. For the CNT emitters, current-voltage(I-V) characteristics and images of field emission were evaluated. The emission properties of CNT emitters are dependent on the paste composition. A turn-on electric field for the CNT field emitters is measured to be 1 V/$\mu$m. Additionally, the effect of heat treatment parameter on field emission properties was discussed. The newly formulated photosensitive CNT paste can be potentially applicable to highly reliable CNT field emitters.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국주거학회 2008년 추계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.255-260
• /
• 2008

The purposes of this study were to determine the actual state of the indoor air quality by TVOC concentration and residents' responses and to analyze the influencing factors of IAQ in newly built university dormitory. The field measurements on the levels of TVOC and HCHO were carried out three times at an interval of 4 weeks in 3 rooms of a dormitory. The questionnaire survey on the residents that inquired into the lifestyle, the consciousness related to IAQ, and the responses of SHS was fulfilled. According to the results, the level of TVOC was approximately $0.14{\sim}18.5ppm$ and HCHO was $0.23{\sim}6.89ppm$ during 3 month since construction completion, which are seriously in excess of standard level, and seemed to be on the decrease as time goes by. The factors influencing the differences of the levels of TVOC or HCHO were the amount of ventilation including infiltration, heating temperature, relative humidity, or the use of living things including chemical. However, the residents rarely felt the responses of SHS and did not be conscious of the importance of ventilation.

• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.135-143
• /
• 2009

The purposes of this study were to determine the actual state of the indoor air quality by measuring TVOC Concentration and surveying residents' responses in a newly built university dormitory and to analyze the influencing factors of IAQ. Field measurements on the concentrations of TVOC and HCHO were carried out three times at 4 week intervals in 3 rooms of a dormitory. A questionnaire survey was conducted on residents which inquired into the resident's lifestyle, their consciousness of IAQ, and the responses to SHS. According to the results, TVOC concentrations were 0.14~18.5 ppm and HCHO concentrations were 0.23~6.89 ppm during the 3 months following the completion of construction, showing a serious state in which standard levels are exceeded, though these levels seemed to decrease over time. The factors influencing the differences in the levels of TVOC and HCHO were the ventilation volume including infiltration, the heating temperature, relative humidity, or the use of living matter that include chemical ingredients. However, the residents rarely felt the symptoms of SHS and were not conscious of the importance of ventilation.

• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.59-67
• /
• 2007

The purposes of this study were to make clear the present condition of the TVOC and HCHO concentration after renovation in apartment houses. The field measurements of TVOC and HCHO concentration according to the Korea Test Method Standard for Indoor Air Quality were carried out in 4 subject apartment houses. The results are as follows; the TVOC concentration after renovation in apartment houses ranged from mean 0.35ppm to mean 5.08ppm and increased of $0.35{\sim}5.08ppm$. The TVOC concentration of 3 subjects exceeded the Indoor Air Quality Management standard for the newly-built apartment houses (0.58ppm). The HCHO concentration after renovation ranged from mean 0.13ppm to mean 0.43ppm and increased of $0.06{\sim}0.26ppm$. The HCHO concentration of 2 subjects exceeded the Standard (0.17ppm). As results of analysis on the relation of concentrated ascension and renovation elements, the amount and the types of finishing materials and adhesives affected concentrated ascension. Also, production method for installed or purchased furniture had certain effect on the TVOC and HCHO concentration ascension.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제50권2호
• /
• pp.93-102
• /
• 2022

국내 톱밥재배용 우수 품종을 육성하기 위해 기존의 육성품종과 수집 우수계통으로부터 단포자 교배를 통해 육성한 '자담'의 주요 특성은 다음과 같았다. 균사생장 적온은 22-25℃, 발이 및 생육온도는 13-20℃이었으며, 자실체 형태는 '평반구형', 발생형태는 '산발형'으로 나타났다. '자담'은 배양기간 25일, 갈변기간 86일, 발이기간 4일, 생육기간 7-9일로 첫주기 버섯 수확까지 총122-124일 소요되었고, 대조품종보다 발이기간이 2일 짧았다. '자담'의 3주기 평균 개체중은 44.6 g으로 대조품종과 유사하였고, 평균 유효개체수가 대조품종 보다 2.1개 많아 총수량이 623.8 g으로 대조품종(455.2 g)대비 약 37% 높은 수량을 보였다. '자담'의 자실체는 대조품종 대비 갓 두께는 유사하였으나, 대의 길이와 굵기가 작았다. 실증 결과, '자담'은 배양기간 26일, 갈변기간 84일로 대조품종(L808)에 비해 배양기간이 10일 짧았으며 2주기 총수량이 543.3 g으로 대조품종과 유사한 결과를 보였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제51권1호
• /
• pp.50-60
• /
• 2018

This study was to evaluate the effect of organic amendments incorporation on soil properties and plant growth under two different soil salinity levels and various cultivated crops at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land for three years from 2012 to 2014. The soil texture of the experimental site was sandy loam. Four different crops, sesbania (Sesbania grandiflora), sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor-Sorghum sudanense), rice (Oryza sativa L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) were cultivated at low (< $1dS\;m^{-1}$) and high (> $4dS\;m^{-1}$) soil salinity levels. The soil salinity was significantly lowered at the rice cultivation site compared to continuous upland crops cultivation site in high soil salinity level. But the soil salinity was increased as cultivating sesbania coutinuously in low soil salinity level. The soil organic matter content was increased with the incorporation of straw at the continuous site of rice and barley, and the average of soil organic matter was increased by $0.9g\;kg^{-1}$ per year which was effective in soil aggregate formation. The highest biomass yield plot was found in barley (high salinity level) and sesbania (low salinity level) cultivation site, respectively. Our research indicates that rice cultivation in paddy field with high salinity level was effective in lowering soil salinity and sesbania cultivation was useful to biomass production at upland with low salinity. In conclusion, soil salinity and organic matter content should be considered for multiple land use in newly reclaimed tidal land.

• 유기물자원화
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.31-43
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 유기 농경지의 토양 및 양분관리 방법으로 가축분과 풋거름(헤어리베치)공급, 윤작 시스템. 그리고 경운 및 무경운 처리가 토양환경에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 신규 옥수수 재배 토양의 양분공급원으로 가축분 퇴비, 헤어리베치와 같은 유기물 공급이 화학비료 처리에 비해 토양 유기물 함량을 높이며 토양의 미생물 밀도와 미생물체량 C함량을 증가시키는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 토양 미생물 군집의 기능적 다양성이 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 윤작재배 효과로 토양 화학성은 처리간의 차이가 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않았지만 옥수수-밀, 옥수수-헤어리베치 윤작 처리구가 옥수수 단작 처리구보다 토양의 미생물체량 C 함량과 종 다양성 지수가 높은 경향을 보였다. 경운 여부에 따른 토양 화학성은 처리간의 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 토양 미생물 군집의 기질 이용에서 무경운이 경운처리 보다 다소 높게 나타났지만 통계적인 유의차는 없었다. 처리에 따른 토양의 화학성과 미생물상간의 요인간 상관관계 분석 결과, 토양 유기물 함량과 치환성 칼륨 함량은 기질 이용도, 기질 풍부도와 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 이러한 결과로부터 가축분 퇴비, 헤어리베치와 같은 유기물 시용으로 옥수수 재배 토양의 화학성 및 미생물상에 긍정적인 효과를 나타낸 것으로 판단되었다.

• 교육녹색환경연구
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.66-90
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to measure and analyze primary causes of indoor air pollution, including carbon dioxide, minute dust, and total volatile organic compounds, for each room before the beginning of a class through the time of discharge after the end of the class in general classrooms, computer rooms, and science rooms of three newly-established schools that opened in 2006, examine properties of indoor air environment in each room by educational activities at school, and determine effective management schemes; the results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1) As for implications for each item found in the mean for each place, since minute dust (PM10) was more likely to occur in time slots full of students' activities, such as a traveling class and a recess, than in the middle of a class and could be expected fully, it is necessary to make a scheme for cleaning in order to reduce minute dust within a room, for example, by usually using a vacuum cleaner indoors. 2) While carbon dioxide was expected to vary with the differences in the amount of breath between higher-graders and lower-graders in a general classroom but showed insignificant difference by grades, showing differences in pollution by four times at a maximum according to the opening of a window as expected, it is necessary to implement artificial or natural ventilation and take a positive measure, for example, by presenting a concrete ventilation scheme, in order to improve indoor air pollution at a room practice. 3) Total volatile organic compounds were found to exceed the standard by more than twice in general classrooms, science rooms, and computer rooms of the schools because of building materials, furnitures including desks and chairs, panels and boards for environment beautification, and items which could be detected even from students' clothes; while a field directly-reading tool was used, obtaining high reliability for the results, it is necessary to apply an analytical method based on process test separately for actual correct measurement if a significantly great amount of total volatile organic compounds appear as compared with other schools due to measuring expenses and consecutive measurements. 4) Since formaldehyde (HCHO) was generally found to exceed the standard in general classrooms, science rooms, and computer rooms, it is necessary to establish and operate a ventilator during a class in a computer room which requires airtightness and a science room in which an organic compound should be used for a class.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.199-206
• /
• 1982

신개간지토양(新開墾地土壤)에 볏짚과 퇴비시용시(堆肥施用時) 토양(土壤)의 화학적(化學的), 수분함량(水分含量), 미생물(微生物) 및 대두생육(大豆生育)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 검토(檢討)하기 위해 미사질식양토(微砂質埴壤土)인 야산(野山)을 개간(開墾)하여 볏짚과 퇴비(堆肥)를 각각(各各) 3수준(水準)씩 처리하고 이때 공급(供給)되어지는 질소(窒素), 인산(燐酸) 및 가리량(加里量)의 차이(差異)는 화학비료로서 조절(調節)하여 포장시험(圃場試驗)을 실시한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 퇴비시용(堆肥施用)은 대두수량(大豆收量)을 증가시켰고, 볏짚시용(施用)은 대두(大豆)의 생육(生育)은 왕성(旺盛)했으나 수량(收量)에는 영향(影響)을 주지 못했다. 2. 퇴비시용(堆肥施用)은 유합기(幼陜期)(8월(月) 14일(日)) 대두(大豆) 경엽중 인산(燐酸), 가리(加里) 및 칼슘함량(含量) 증가로 대두(大豆)의 입경율이 증가됐으나 볏짚구는 경향(傾向)이 없었다. 3. 토양중(土壤中) 수분함량(水分含量)은 유기물시용구들은 무시용구보다 대체로 높았으나 수분함량(水分含量)이 위조점이하(萎凋点以下)일때는 유기물시용(有機物施用)이 무시용(無施用)보다, 퇴비시용(堆肥施用)이 볏짚시용구보다 더 낮았다. 4. 토양(土壤) pH가 더 높았던 퇴비시용구가 볏짚시용보다 대두(大豆)의 근류착생량(根瘤着生量)이 더 많았고 세균(細菌) 및 사상균수는 더 적었다.