• 대한간호학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.93-111
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• 1984

The main purpose of this study is to develop a ratio scale measuring level of pain using Korean pain terms. The specific purposes of this study are to identify the degree of pain of each pain term in each subclass: to classify each subclass in terms of dimensions of pain; and to analyze factors of the Korean pain ratio scale clustering together. One hundred an4 fifty eight pain terms which were originally identified as representative terms and their synonyms were used for data collection. Fifty eight nursing professors ana sixty one medical doctors who have contacted with patients having pain were asked to rate the weight of each pain term on a visual analogue scale. Subclasses in which ranks of pain terms were same f s findings in two previous studies were 1) thermal 3 am 2) cavity pressure, 3) single stimulating pain, 4) radiation pain. and 5) chemical pain. Subclasses in which ranks of pain terms were confused were 1) incisive pressure, and 2) cold pain. Subclasses in which one new pain term was added were 1) inflammatory-repeated pain, 2) punctuate pressure, 3) constrictive pressure, 4) fatigue-related pressure, and 5) suffering-relate4 pain. Subclasses in which two new pain terms were added were 1) traction pressure, 2) peripheral nerve pain, 3) dull pain, 4) pulsation-related pain, 5) digestion-related pain, 6) tract pain, and 7) punishment-related pain. Subclass in which 3 new pain terms were included was fear-related pain. Rating scores of 5 words in 4 subclasses were significantly different between the normal group and the extreme group of subjects in terms of subjective rating. Only one word among 6 words was that newly added to the scale. Rating scores of 12 words in 9 subclasses were significantly different between doctor group and nursing professor group. Among these 12 words, only 3 were those newly added to the scale. In comparison of these 12 words, mean scores of the nursing professors were always 7 to 16 points higher than those of the medical doctors. In the analysis of judgement of subjects in terms of dimensions of pain terms, subclasses of dull pain, cavity pressure, tract pain and cold pain were suggested to be included in the miscellaneous dimension. As a result of factor analysis of the ratings given to 96 pain words using principal components analysis without iteration and with varimax rotation limiting the number of factors to 4, factors of severe pain (factor I) mild-moderate pain (factor II) , causative pain (factor III) and temperature-related pain(factor IV) were extracted with the factor loading above 0.388. When the pain words were re-arranged on the bases of factor loading above 0.368, number of factors decreased to only first two factors. Maximum score of pain word in factor II was 46.17 and the minimum score of the factor I was 45.36. Further studies are needed to identify the validity, reliability, sensitivity and practicability of this ratio scale using patients having various sources of pain.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.178-185
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• 2022

본 연구는 2017년과 2018년 한·중 인물지칭 신어 197개를 조어방식에 따라 단일어, 합성어, 파생어, 축약어, 혼성어로 나누어 신어의 특성을 비교·분석했다. 인물지칭 신어 중 단일어의 경우 한국어는 영어와 중국어에서 차용된 단어들이었으며, 중국어에서는 단일어가 나타나지 않았다. 다음으로 합성어의 경우 중국어 합성법의 형식이 훨씬 다양하고 생성력이 한국보다 더 강하다는 특징이 있었다. 파생어의 경우 양국 접두파생어는 모두 많지 않다는 특징을 보였다. 한국어 접미파생어 중에서는 외래어나 고유어 접미사에 비해 한자어 접미사의 생산력이 강했다. 외래어 접미사는 한국어에서 중국어에 비해 보다 빈번하게 나타났다. 다음으로 축약어의 경우 한국어에 나타난 축약어 신어는 어두 음절의 생산력이 더 강한 반면 중국어의 축약어 신어에서는 비어두 음절어의 생산력이 더 강하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 끝으로 혼성어의 경우 한국어의 혼성 형식이 중국어보다 훨씬 다양하게 나타났다. 본 연구는 중국인 한국어 학습자가 한국어 신어의 형성과정을 이해하는 데에 도움을 줄 수 있으며, 나아가 그들이 한국어 학습 과정에서 한국어 단어의 의미를 추측하는 능력을 함양하는 데에 이론적 단서를 제공한다는 점에서 의미가 있다.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a new method to select colors representing the meaning of text contents based on the cognitive relation between words and colors, Our method is designed on the previous study revealing the existence of crucial words to estimate the colors associated with the meaning of text contents, Using the associative probability of each color with a given word and the strength of color association of the word, we estimate the probability of colors associated with a given text. The goal of this study is to propose a system to recommend the cognitively plausible colors for the meaning of the input text. To build a versatile and efficient database used by our system, two psychological experiments were conducted by using news site articles. In experiment 1, we collected 498 words which were chosen by the participants as having the strong association with color. Subsequently, we investigated which color was associated with each word in experiment 2. In addition to those data, we employed the estimated values of the strength of color association and the colors associated with the words included in a very large corpus of newspapers (approximately 130,000 words) based on the similarity between the words obtained by Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA). Therefore our method allows us to select colors for a large variety of words or sentences. Finally, we verified that our system cognitively succeeded in proposing the colors associated with the meaning of the input text, comparing the correct colors answered by participants with the estimated colors by our method. Our system is expected to be of use in various types of situations such as the data visualization, the information retrieval, the art or web pages design, and so on.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.224-230
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• 2016

The use of new words, numerous spoken languages, and abbreviations on the Internet is extensive. As such, automatically acquiring words for the purpose of analyzing Internet content is very difficult. In a previous study, we proposed a method for Japanese word segmentation using character N-grams. The previously proposed method is based on a simple state-transition model that is established under the assumption that the input document is described based on four states (denoted as A, B, C, and D) specified beforehand: state A represents words (nouns, verbs, etc.); state B represents statement separators (punctuation marks, conjunctions, etc.); state C represents postpositions (namely, words that follow nouns); and state D represents prepositions (namely, words that precede nouns). According to this state-transition model, based on the states applied to each pseudo-word, we search the document from beginning to end for an accessible pattern. In other words, the process of this transition detects some words during the search. In the present paper, we perform experiments based on the proposed word acquisition algorithm using Japanese and Chinese newspaper articles. These articles were obtained from Japan's Kyoto University and the Chinese People's Daily. The proposed method does not depend on the language structure. If text documents are expressed in Unicode the proposed method can, using the same algorithm, obtain words in Japanese and Chinese, which do not contain spaces between words. Hence, we demonstrate that the proposed method is language independent.

• 감성과학
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.215-224
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 사용하는 제품의 유형에 따라 표출되는 감성어휘에 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위하여 휴대폰 및 웹을 사용하는 도중에 표출되는 사용자의 감성을 측정하기에 적합한 감성어휘들을 추출하여 비교해 보았다. 본 연구의 결과를 종합해 보면, 휴대폰과 같이 하드웨어적인 특성이 강하고 사용자가 어떤 특정한 목적을 가지고 사용하는 상황이 많은 제품에 대해서는 사용상황 및 태스크 수행에 직접적으로 관련된 '사용적 만족성'과 '유쾌성' 등에 관련된 감성어휘가 많이 추출되었고, 제품의 외관이나 다양한 시각정보에 의해 표출된 '심미성'과 참신하고 새로운 것에 의해 표출된 '신규성'에 관련된 감성어휘는 다수가 제외되었음을 발견할 수 있었다. 반면에 웹과 같이 소프트웨어적인 특성이 강하고 사용자들이 특정한 목적의 태스크를 수행해야 하는 상황보다는 뭔가 새로운 정보를 찾거나 보다 우수한 것을 찾기 위하여 사용하는 제품의 경우에는 '신규성'과 같이 직접적인 사용에 관련된 것보다는 시각적이고 새로운 정보에 관련된 감성어휘가 많이 추출됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 해당 제품의 특성과 사용목적에 적합한 감성어휘를 중심으로 제품의 유형에 따라 구분하여 각각의 제품에 적합한 주관적 평가스케일을 도출하는 것이 바람직하다는 것을 반증해 준다고 할 수 있다.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제48권
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• pp.135-191
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• 2017

본 연구는 프랑스 고유의 문화가 담긴 '공유문화 적재어'들을 선별하여 그 단어 속에 숨겨진 문화 콘텐츠들을 연구하고 이 단어들이 한국어에 차용되면서 새롭게 탄생한 문화 현상들을 탐구함으로써 프랑스와 한국 간의 상호문화교육을 위한 기초 자료를 형성하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 선별된 '공유문화 적재어'들을 프랑스 문화 내부적 관점과 상호문화적 관점이라는 두 가지 관점에서 연구하였다. 우선 프랑스 문화 내부적 관점에서 어휘문화적 접근으로 프랑스어 단어들 가운데 한국어에 차용된 단어들 중에서 의 식 주에 해당하는 프랑스어 '공유문화 적재어' 들을 선별하여 그 단어 속에 담긴 프랑스 고유의 문화를 사전적 의미, 문화적 현상, 숙어나 관용어 표현 속에 나타난 특별한 문화 현상에 대해 탐구함으로써 그 단어의 사전적 정의를 뛰어넘는 특별한 공시를 밝혀주었다. 나아가 상호문화적 접근으로 프랑스 문화와 한국 문화의 접촉으로 동일한 프랑스어 단어가 새로운 의미로 탄생하게 되는 과정들을 차용어의 변용 양상과 문화적 현상을 중심으로 탐구함으로써 두 문화 속에 작용하는 언어적 문화적 요소들의 유사성과 차별성을 살펴보았다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 현상들을 탐구할 수 있었다. 프랑스 '공유문화 적재어' 속에 다양한 문화와 역사가 담겨 있어 개별 단어들에 대한 탐구가 프랑스 문화를 깊이 있게 탐구하도록 할뿐 아니라 이들 단어가 사용된 숙어나 관용어 표현들을 통해 개별 단어 속에서 발견하지 못한 새로운 문화 현상들이 담화 속에 존재함을 알 수 있었다. 나아가 한국어로 차용된 프랑스어 단어들은 대부분 문화 간 교류에 의해 이루어지기 때문에 부정적인 이미지를 지닌 경우보다 긍정적인 의미로 사용되는데 의미의 왜곡이 일어나는 경우가 상당수 있었다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 1999

본 논문은 단어들의 유사도를 이용하여 문서들을 자동으로 분류하는 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 단어들 중에서 의미있는 단어들을 찾아내기 위하여 자동색인 방법을 이용하였으며. 두 번째로 본 논문에서 제안한 확률 모델을 이용하여 각 단어들의 문서와의 연관관계를 분석하였다. 이를 토대로 분류를 가능하게 하기 위한 프로파일을 생성한다. 본 논문에서는 유전자 알고리즘과 신경망에 관련된 10개의 문서에 대하여 실험하여 유전자 알고리즘과 신경망에 해당하는 프로파일을 생성하였다.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.407-429
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• 2004

As documents in webs are increasing explosively due to the rapid development of electronic documents, an efficient system classifying documents automatically is required. In this study, a new document classification method, which is called Document Finger Print Method, is suggested to classify web documents automatically and efficiently. The performance of the suggested method is evaluated alone with other existing methods such as key words based method, weighted key words based method, neural networks, and decision trees. An experiment is designed with 10 documents categories and 59 randomly selected words. The result shows that the suggested algorithm has a superior classifying performance compared to other methods. The most important advantage of this method is that the suggested method works well without the size limits of the number of words in documents.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.129-153
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• 2007

When English language teachers are deciding on their priorities for teaching pronunciation, it is imperative to know what kind of differences and errors are most likely to interfere with communication, and what special problems particular first-language speakers will have with English pronunciation. In other words, phoneme discrimination skill is an integral part of speech processing for the EFL learners' learning to converse in English. Training using sound visualization technique can be effective in improving second language learners' perceptions and productions of segmental and suprasegmental speech contrasts. This study assessed the efficacy of a pronunciation training that provided visual feedback for EFL learners acquiring pitch and durational contrasts to produce and perceive English phonemic distinctions. The subjects' ability to produce and to perceive novel English words was tested in two contexts before and after training; words in isolation and words in sentences. In comparison with an untrained control group, trainees showed improved perceptual and productive performance, transferred their knowledge to new contexts, and maintained their improvement three months after training. These findings support the feasibility of learner-centered programs using sound visualization technique for English language pronunciation instruction.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2019

Nowadays, portable digital cameras such as smart phone cameras are being popularly used for entertainment and visual information recording. Given a database of geo-tagged images, a visual location recognition system can determine the place depicted in a query photo. One of the most common visual location recognition approaches is the bag-of-words method where local image features are clustered into visual words. In this paper, we propose a new bag-of-words-based visual location recognition algorithm using time-series streetview database. The proposed algorithm selects only a small subset of image features which will be used in image retrieval process. By reducing the number of features to be used, the proposed algorithm can reduce the memory requirement of the image database and accelerate the retrieval process.