• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.47-63
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• 1978

This study was conducted to obtain a basic information necessary to assess present rice milling technology in Korea The profiles for milling plants was analyzed by survey work.For the private custom-work mills, which process about 80 percent of domestic rice consumption ,their actual milling test for the identical samples as used for filed mills was conducted. Two rice varieties Japonica and Tongil-type were associated with the experiments. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Analyses for private custom-work mills showed their general aspects as; about 91 percent of the mills belonged to an individual owner ship ; more than 93 percent of the mills was established earlier than 1950 ; about 80 percent of the mills was powered with electric motor; mills having less than two employees were about 75 percent; about 45 percent of the mills provided for warehouse in storing customers cereal grains. 2. The polishers installed in 1,255mills within the surveyed area (7 counties) have been supplied by 44 different domestic manufacturers ;in but about 60 percent of which was supplied by 6major manufacturers. The polishers could be classified into two categories in terms of principles of their polishing actions ;jet-pearler and friction types. About 51 percent of the mills was equipped with the former which has been recognized as giving greater milling recovery than the friction types. 3. Reason for owners of private mills to supplement new machines was due mainly to pgrading their mills to meet the requirements that established by the Government. However, about 60 percent of the mill owners intended to replace with new pearler by their own needs to meet with new high yielding varieties. 4. Processing systems of each previate rice mills surveyed could be classified into three categories, depending upon whether the systems posessed such components as precleaner and paddy separator or not. Only 36.7 percent of mills was installed with both precleanr ad paddy seperrator, 5.0 percent of mills did have neither percleaner nor paddy seperator, and rest of them equipped only one of the two. Hence,it is needed for about 63% of rice miils to be supplemented with these basic facilities to meet with the requirements for the standaized system. 5. Actual milling capacity measured at each field rice mills was shown a wide variation, having range from about 190 to 1,210 kg/hr. The percentages of mills classified according to daily milling capacity based on this hourly capacity were 24.3% for the capacity less than 3 M/T a day; 20.0% for 3-4 M/T; 15.6% for 4-5 M/T; 6.7% for 5-6 M/T; 22.3% for 6-7 M/T; and 11.0% for more than 7 M/T a day. 6. Actual amount of rice processed was about 310 M/T a year in average. About 42% of total milled rice was processed during October to Decembear, which formed a peak demand period for rice mills. The amount of rice milled during January to May was relatively small, but it had still a large amount compared to that during June to September. 7. Utilization rate of milling facility, i. e., percentage of the actual amount of milled rice to the capacity of rice mills, was about 18% on the year round average, about 41% in the peak demand season, and about 10% during June to September. Average number of operating days for mills surveyed was about 250 days a year, and about 21 days a month. 8. Moisture contents of paddy at the time of field mill tests were ranged 14.5% to 19.5% for both Japonica and Tong-i] varieties, majority of paddy grains having moisture level much higher than 1530. To aviod potential reduction of milling recovery while milling and deterioration of milled rice while storage due to these high grain mJisture contents, it may be very important for farmers holding rice to dry by an artificial drying method. 9. Milling recovery of JapJnica varieties in rice mills was 75.0% in average and it was widely ranged from 69.0% to 78.0 % according to mills. Potential increase in milJing recovery of Japonica variety with improvement of mill facilities was estimated to about 1.9%. On the other hand, milling recovery of Tong-il varieties in the field mill tests was 69.8% in average and it ranged from 62% to 77 %, which is much wider than that of Japonica varieties. It is noticed that the average milling recovery of Tong-il variety of 69.8% was much less than that of the Japonica-type. It was estimated th3.t up to about 5.0% of milling recovery for Tong-il variety could be improved by improving the present lo'.ver graded milling technology. 10. Head rice recoveries, as a factor of representing the quality of commercial goods, of Japonica and Tong-il varieties were 65.9% and 53.8% in average, and they were widely ranged from 52% to 73% and from 44% to 65% , respectively. It was assessed that head rice recovery of Japonica varieties can be improved up 3.3% and that of Tong-il varieties by 7.0% by improving mill components and systems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.368-368
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• 2017

Rice is the world's three major crops that is the staple food of Asian. Japonica type rice is consumed in Korea. Rice cultivation area decreases steadily. That is affected by decrease of the farm income with the inventory of 1.7 million tons, which is 2 to 3 times more than the optimal amount due to the decrease in the consumption of rice per person and cultivate high yield varieties. In recent years, as income level has improved, interest in health has been high and consumption for health food has been steadily increasing. For health food, rice is added by adding grains such as millet, sorghum, oats, beans and colored rice rather than white rice. In 1997, RDA(Rural Development Administration) developed black rice 'Heuknambyeo', and then 20 varieties were bred until 2017. In CBARES(Chungbuk Agricultural Research and Extension Services), we have developed new rice varieties 'Cheongpungheukchal' in 2010, 'Cheongpungheukhyangchal' in 2014, 'Cheongpungheukchal' is high in farming preference because of high yield. Black rice has high content of GABA and water-soluble phenol, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and consumers are interested in the function in the body. Therefore, functional and antioxidant activities(anthocyanin, total polyphenol, ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibition) and antioxidant activities(ABTs, DPPH) were analyzed by comparing white and black rice. Testing varieties are 'Chucheongbyeo', best quality cultivars 'Daebo' and 'Samgwang' as white rice which are cultivated much in Chungbuk area, and black rice are 10 varieties including 'Cheongpungheukchal', 'Cheongpungheukhyangchal', 'Josaengheukchal' and so on. It has transplanted on 25th May, at CBARES research paddy by 100% fertilizer recommendation rate. Harvesting time was 50 days after heading by varieties, and has researched growth properties, yield and yield components, functional and antioxidant activities. Anthocyanin content was not measured because there was no pigmented in white rice, the highest value of anthocyanin content was 'Shintoheukmi' and in the range of 125.6~249.6mg/100g by black rice varieties. Total polyphenol content was high 'Cheongpungheukchal' and 'Shintoheukmi' and in the range of 96.68~244.34 mg/100g in black rice, white rice lower than blackish rice at 19.84~22.51mg/100g. ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibition was high 'Cheongpungheukchal', 'Cheongpungheukhyangchal' and 'Shintoheukmi' in the rage of 75.87~98.85% by black rice varieties, especially 'Samgwang' was 80.75% and the other white rice was higher than 58~68%.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.497-502
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• 2012

Since the year 2000, the production and consumption of broccoli have rapidly increased in Korea. And, the average production area and amount were about 1,700 ha and 29,000 ton for the past 5 years. Even with the increase of these cultivation and consumption, more than 95% of the broccoli seeds are currently imported from foreign countries such as Japan and Netherlands. Therefore, development of domestic broccoli varieties is needed to relieve Korean farmers' production cost for broccoli. In this situation, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS) of Korea has tried to develop F1 hybrid varieties from elite lines that were obtained by microspore cultivation method from 2008. As the results, about 850 lines of broccoli were obtained and self-pollinated. Then their ploidy levels of the genome were confirmed to select double haploid (D.H.) lines. And the D.H. lines' horticultural traits were evaluated in open field. After the selection of 17 elite D.H. lines, they were cross-pollinated with a male sterile (MS) line to produce F1 hybrid seeds. After 2 to 3 years field trials of these F1 hybrid varieties at the area of Suwon, Gangneung, and Jeju respectively, two hybrid varieties such as 'Wongyo8011' and 'Wongyo8012' are selected for the application of variety protection. With these 4 years of research, we found that the microspore cultivation method is a powerful tool for the conventional breeding program, especially for the development of various inbred lines and even F1 hybrid varieties in short time.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2024

In order to monitor the growth environment of new varieties of crops, it is necessary to build the agricultural production infrastructure and strengthen the agricultural resource management system using popular smart sensor tag technology. In addition, the infrastructure for improving high-quality new varieties of crops using IoT technology and the monitoring system must be strengthened. In other words, widespread smart sensor (RFID UHF Sensor Tag) technology for environmental monitoring required for improving new crop varieties is desperately needed in the smart farm environment. Therefore, in this paper, we implemented an integrated sensor that can implement smart tag functions based on heterogeneous integrated sensors. In addition, we developed a technology that can manage crops in real time through the implemented smart integrated tag and smartphone linkage. For this purpose, an integrated antenna capable of RFID and Bluetooth communication was constructed. In addition, a communication method that allows information to be collected directly from the smartphone through the Bluetooth function was used.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.238-244
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• 1995

Severity of panicle blast disease on the leading cultivars of rice was investigated at nine locations of Korea during summer in 1993 with frequent raining and low temperature conditions. Incidence of panicle blast was 26% on Jinmibyeo, 23% on Chuncheongbyeo and 40% on Odaebyeo. Race distribution of Pyricularia grisea was examined from 1993 to 1994. A total of 1,098 isolates of the fungus obtained from the blast nurseries and framers; fields were screened using Korean differential varieties. Twenty one races were identified in 1993 and 19 races in 1994. KI-181, KJ-103, KJ-104, KI-241 and KI-209 were identified as new races, and KJ-301 (15%), KJ-201 (13%), KJ-105 (12%) and KI-409 (12%) were major races during 1993 and 1994. Race KI-197, which has a wide spectrum of virulence on rice cultivars, was isolated in a ratio of 8.3% and evenly distributed in the whole country. Some of the major and newly identified races during 1993∼1994 were used for spray-inoculation on leading cultivars and differential varieties in a greenhouse. We found that most of the cultivars were resistant to the major races, KJ-301 and KI-409, but were very susceptible to the new races, KI-241, KI-209, KI-181 and KJ-103.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 2016

Background: This study aimed to investigate the flowering and fruits formation characteristics of Korean Panax ginseng varieties. The results will provide basic data for ginseng seed production and breeding program. Methods and Results: The characteristics investigated included flowering date, seed setting rate, seed type and seed production. The ginseng variety Chungsun had the earliest emergency and flowering dates, whereas Sunhyang showed late emergence and flowering dates. The emergence date of Chunpoong was not later than that of the other varieties, but the flowering date was delayed. The seed setting rate was 64.6%, 75.8%, 78.5% and 74.4% for three, four, five and six-year-old varieties, respectively. The ratio of double seed (RD) for Sunhyang and Chungsun were higher than those for the others, whereas the RD for Chunpoong was the lowest. Yunpoong and Sunone had many stems per plant and a high seed production rate. Seed production was 21.7, 67.7, 74.4 and 89.0kg/10 a in three, four, five and six-year-old varieties, respectively. Conclusions: The emergence date ranged from April 15 to 25, and the flowering date was from May 10 to the 19 for the new ginseng varieties. The average seed multiplication of the ginseng varieties was about 8.5 and 21.1 times a year for varieties in which, seed-production occurs once a year for over four years and four times over six years, respectively.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.175-180
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• 1982

This paper is proposed to describe three new species and four varieties from Cheju Island to central part of Korea in Southern Korea. The new plant taxa are as follows: clematis taeguensis Y. Lee, sp. nov.; Prunus linearipetalus Y. Lee, sp. nov.; Vicia linearifolia Y. Lee, sp. nov.; Clematis brachyura Maxim. var. hexasepala Y. Lee, var. nov.; Ranunculus quelpaertensis(Lev.) Nakai var. albiflorus Y. Lee, var. nov.; Aconitum napiforme Lev. et Vaniot var. albiflorum Y. Lee, var. nov.; Ajuga decumbens Thunb. var. rosa Y. Lee, var. nov.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.15 no.3 s.28
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• pp.147-151
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• 1976

Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the resistance of the new rice varieties Milyang $\#$21 and $\#$23 at the seedling stage to the brown planthopper(Nilaparvata lugens), small brown planthopper(Laodelphax striatellus), white-back planthopper(Sogatella furcifera), green rorice leafhopper(Nephotettix cincticeps) and zigzag-striped leafhopper (Recilia dorsalis) The varieties Yushin and T(N)-1 were used as susceptible check and the resistant check varieties were Mudgo to brown planthopper, ASD-7 :o small brown planthopper, Colombo to white-back planthopper, IR2061 (46763) to green rice leafhopper and Vellailanalgayan to zigzag-striped leafhopper. The varieties Milyang $\#$21 and $\#$23 were moderate in plant reaction only to the green rice leafhopper and $\#$23 was moderately resistant in plant rection only to the small brown planthopper. The nymphs of plant-and leaf-hoppers were more prefered Milyang $\#$21 and $\#$23 and susceptible check-varieties were more preferred for feeding than the resistant check-varieties. The green rice leafhopper and aigzag·striped leafhopper much more prefered Milyang $\#$21 and $\#$23 for oviposition, while brown planthopper and small brown planthopper more prefered the resistant cheeks than test varieties and susceptible checks. However, there was no any steady relationship in ovipositional preference between resistant and susceptible to the hoppers. Shorter nymphal-periods and higher rate of adult emergence were observed in the test varieties and the susceptible checks compared with the resistant checks. In conclusion, the varieties Milyang $\#$21 and $\#$23 seemed to be lack of true resistance to the plant-and leaf-hoppers from the viewpoints of antibiosis and feeding preference.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.121-129
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• 2011

As the molecular breeding was progressed, many plant transformation techniques were attained for improving transformation accuracy and used to produce useful transgenic plants. Day by day, new varieties were developed so new transformation techniques required for these newly developed varieties. Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is a popular and economically important ornamental plant, all over the world. Keeping this in view, we selected 18 varieties of D. caryophyllus L. commonly available in the market and did optimization of culture conditions for more efficient tissue culture and to get higher number of plants via micro-propagation. Four varieties namely Yellowdotcom, Jakarta, Belmonte, Polartessino etc. were selected for organ culture studies from single cell line. The optimum growth was recorded in the MS media supplied with sucrose 3%, NAA 1.0 mg/L and TDZ 1.0 mg/L. except Belmonte, in which, BA 1.0 mg/L was found to be the best combination, in place of TDZ, rest ingredients were same. The most efficient coagulating agent used to obtain higher number of plant from callus was phytagel 0.3%. The most effective explant for higher shoot formation was stem in which 80.2% shoot formation was recorded. It also reduced culture periods by 6 days.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1980

Threshing operation may be one of the most important processes in the paddy post-production system as far as the grain loss and labor requirement are concerned . head-feeding type threshers commercially available now in Korea originally were developed for threshing dry paddy in the range of 15 to 17 % in wet basis. However, threshing wet-paddy with the grain moisture content above 20 % has been strongly recommended, especially for new high-yielding Indica -type varieties ; (1) to reduce high grain loss incurred due to the handling operations, and (2) to prevent the quantitative and qualitative loss of milled -rice when unthreshed grains are rewetted due to the rainfall. The objective of this study were to investigate the adaptability of both a head-feeding type thresher and a throw-in type thresher to wet-paddy , and to find out the possiblilities of improving the components of these threshers threshing. Four varieties, Suweon 264 and Milyang 24 as Tongil sister line varieties, minehikari and Jinhueng as Japonica-type varieties, were used at the different levels of the moisture content of grains. Both the feed rate and the cylinder speed were varied for each material and each machine. The thresher output quality , composition of tailing return, and separating loss were analyzed from the sampels taken at each treatment. A separate experiment for measurement opf the power requirement of the head-feeding type thresher was also performed. The results are summarized as follows : 1. There was a difference in the thresher output quality between rice varieties. In case of wet-paddy threshing at 550 rpm , grains with branchlet and torn heads for the Suweon 264 were 12 % and 7 % of the total output in weight, respectively, and for the Minehikari 4.5 % and 2 % respectively. In case of dry paddy threshing , those for the Suweon 264 were 8 % and 5% , and for the Minehikari 4% and 1% respectively. However, those for the Milyang 23 , which is highly susceptable to shattering, were much lower with 1 % and 0.5% respectively, regardless of the moisture content of the paddy. Therefore, it is desirable to breed rice varieties of the same physical properties as well as to improve a thresher adaptable to all the varieties. Torn heads, which increased with the moisture content of rall the varieties except the Milyang 23 , decreased as the cylinder speed increased, but grains with branchlet didnt decrease. The damaged kernels increased with the cylinder speed. 3. The thresher output quality was not affected much by the feed rate. But grains with branchlet and torn heads increased slightly with the feed rate for the head-feeding type thresher since higher resistance lowered at the cylinder speed. 4. In order to reduce grains with branchlet and torn heads in wet-paddy threshing , it is desirable to improve the head-feeding type thresher by developing a new type of cylinder which to not give excess impact on kernels or a concave which has differenct sizes of holes at different locations along the cylinder. 5. For the head-feeding type thresher, there was a difference in separating loss between the varieties. At the cylinder speed of 600 rpm the separating losses for the Minehikari and the Suweon 264 were 1.2% and 0.6% respectively. The separating loss of the head-feeding type thresher was not affected by the moisture content of paddy while that of the Mini-aged thresher increased with the moisture content. 6. From the analysis of the tailings return , to appeared that the tailings return mechanism didn't function properly because lots of single grains and rubbishes were unnecessarily returned. 7. Adding a vibrating sieve to the head-feeding type thresher could increase the efficiency of separation. Consequently , the tailing return mechanism would function properly since unnecessary return could be educed greatly. 8. The power required for the head-feeding type thresher was not affected by the moisture content of paddy, but the average power increased linearly with the feed rate. The power also increased with the cylinder speed.