• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.98-103
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• 2004

Recently, a New Great Harbour Bridge between Mokpo City and Koha Island is planned to be built across Mokpo Inner Harbour, and Namak New Town is under construction adjacent to Mokpo. Citizels' concorn of and participation in 「Campaign for Shaping Mokpo into Beautiful Seaport」 are necessary to match the view of Mokpo harbour with natural scenery beautifully and with marine environment harmoniously. Citizens'ㄹ levels of consciousness of coastal and marine environment were ascertained through questionnaire surveys of local citizenry attitudes and opinions, and citizenry action plans for the conservation of coastal and marine environments around Mokpo harbour are suggested on the basis of the results of questionnaire surveys. Citizens' voluntary participations in local policy for the control of marine wastes production and in a campaign for the collections of marine debris and wastes around beaches and coastal areas are required. The operation of municipal sewage treatment plants is to be performed effectively and efficiently, and to be monitored and evaluated periodically by the general public, the local federation for environmental movement or NGO. The development and performance of marine environmental education programs and an enlightenment campaign for environment preservation are to be incessantly done in cooperation with local residents. Only when local government of Mokpo collects the public opinions and continues to shape Mokpo into international beautiful seaport in the direction of a reflex of public opinion, coastal and marine environment around Mokpo harbour can be kept in good condition with citizens' positive participation in citizenry long-term practical action plans for environment conservation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.536-543
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• 2017

This study developed a new methodology to evaluate the carbon storage using a Mobile Mapping System according to the life cycle of street trees. The system for calculating the carbon storage of a roadside tree using the MMS developed in this study consisted of a database, memory, processor, user interface, and communication module. The carbon storage was calculated for 261 trees in the Cheonan-Asan New Town (distance: 2.1 km, area: $283,698m^2$). The average biomass and carbon storage of Metasequoia glyptostroboides were highest at 34.5 kg and 17.3 kg C and Chionanthus retusa were lowest at 19.5 kg and 9.8 kg C, respectively. The total biomass and total carbon storage of Ginkgo biloba were highest at 5028.8 kg and 17.3 kg C and Chionanthus retusa were lowest at 780.7 kg and 390.3 kg C, respectively. Based on the roadside tree database, the amount of carbon storage in a given area was converted to Google format and visualized in 3D by GIS analysis.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.471-476
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• 2021

Personal mobility (PM) is a new concept of transportation used by one or two people using electricity. Personal transportation aims to move quickly and conveniently over an ambiguous distance that is too close to the destination and too far to walk. In particular, as electric kickboard sharing services have become more common in recent years, they are receiving great popularity from citizens. However, it is necessary to come up with an alternative solution as it is acting as a risk not only to users but also to pedestrians and road drivers. Therefore, in order to present measures to establish and improve a safe personal mobility utilization environment, this research was conducted as follows. First, based on GPS data from shared electric kickboards, the usage status in everyday life was examined and analyzed in detail. Second, it is convenient to rent and return shared electric kickboards directly to applications regardless of time, and it is highly accessible to rent them from their location and reach their destination. Based on these findings, this study suggests that careful access to rental and return could have a more positive effect on users and pedestrians by installing a cradle in a place where there is more use than disorderly device placement and expansion.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.85-94
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• 2018

This study aims to investigate how easy pedestrians get around within/through the "Apartment Complexes (AC), " a common style of high-rise multi-family housing in Korea. Over the past six decades, the AC has been the most conventional way to provide standardized housing efficiently to address the problems of the shortage of housing and the substandard housing, due to the explosion of urban population with the rapid industrialization. The AC is a huge chunk of homeogenous multi-family housing, mostly condos with decent infrastructure, including parks, pedestrian passages, schools, ect. Both in the new town development and urban renewal programs have utilized the advantages of the AC. Since the design principals of AC tend to adopt the "protective design" to prevent cars and pedestrians coming outside from passing it, it has been criticised for dissecting the continuity of socioeconomic context in neighborhoods. The neo-traditional planning urbanists, including Jane Jacobs, emphasize that smaller blocks and grid road newtworks are the key in improving social, cultural, and economic vitality of the neighborhoods, because these design concepts allow more pedestrians and different types of people to be mixed in a neighborhood. In this study, we first adopted objective measures for pedestrian accessibility and pedestrian efficiency. These measures were used to calculate the lengths of shortest paths from residential buildings to the edges of AC. We tested the difference in shortest paths between the current pedestrian networks of AC and hypothetical grid networks on the AC, and the relative difference is considered as the pedestrian efficiency, using the network analysis function of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Python programming. We found from the randomly selected 30 ACs that the existing non-grid road networks in ACs are worse than the hypothesized grid networks, in terms of pedestrian efficiency. In average, pedestrians in AC with the conventional road networks have to walk than 25%, 26%, and 27% longer than the networks of $125{\times}45m$, $100{\times}45m$, and $75{\times}45m$, respectively. With the t-test analysis, we found the pedestrian efficiency of AC with the conventional network is lower than grid-networks. Many new urbanists stress, easiness of walking is one of the most import elements for community building and social bonds. With the findings from the objective measures of pedestrian accessibility and efficiency, the AC would have limitations to attract people outside into the AC itself, which would increase dis-connectivity with adjacent areas.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.187-194
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• 2011

In compliance with an international law about the ocean dumping of the sludge, the proper sewage treatment process which occurs from the wastewater treatment process has been becoming problem. Generally the sewage and the sludge are controlled from anaerobic condition when the sewage is treated and land filled, where the methane$(CH_{4})$ and the nitrous oxide $(N_{2}O)$ from this process are discharged. Because these gases have been known as one of the responsible gases for global warming, the wastewater treatment process is become known as emission sources of green house gases(GHG). This study is to suggest a new approach of estimate and environmental assessment of greenhouse gas emissions and sludge emissions from wastewater treatment processes. It was carried out by calculating the total amounts of GHG emitted from biological wastewater treatment process and the amount of the sludgegenerated from the processes. Four major biological wastewater treatment processes which are Anaerobic/Anoxic/Oxidation$(A_{2}O)$, Bardenpho, Virginia Initiative Plant(VIP), University of Cape Town(UCT)are used and GPS-X software is used to model four processes. Based on the modeling result of four processes, the amounts of GHG emissions and the sludge produced from each process are calculated by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) 2006 guideline report. GHG emissions for water as well as sludge treatment processes are calculated for environmental assessment has been done on the scenario of various sludge treatments, such as composting, incineration and reclamation and each scenario is compared by using a unified index of the economic and environmental assessment. It was found that Bardenpho process among these processes shows a best process that can emit minimum amount of GHG with lowest impact on environment and composting emits the minimum amount of GHG for sludge treatment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.175-181
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• 2004

A construction project of Incheon 2nd bridge, which is connected between the Incheon Song-Do New Town and the Incheon International Airport in Young-Jong-Do, have been proposed by the private capital in 1999. But the optimal span width in the bridge main span have not been decided in spite of the three investigations into the feasibility of ship's safe transit in this planned bridge. In this paper, we study the optimal main span width according to the traffic volume in the future traffic and the ship maneuverability of maximum size aspect. The result cf this study, Incheon 2nd bridge main span design is required to design two-way traffic scheme and 1,000m span width, which will satisfy the safe transit from the viewpoint of the traffic volume in the future traffic and the ship maneuverability maximum size.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.337-342
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• 2004

A construction project of Incheon 2nd bridge, which is connected between the Incheon Song-Do New Town and the Incheon International Airport in Young-Jong-Do, have been proposed by the private capital in 1999. But the optimal span width in the bridge main span have not been decided in spite of the three investigations into the feasibility of ship's safe transit in this planned bridge. In this paper, we study the economic analysis on port operational efficiency according to traffic schemes, me-way or two-way of vessels over 10,000G/T, in the bridge main span of this bridge. In this comparative result, total queueing time due to the one-way in the bridge main span is evaluated 20,362 hours in 2011 and 24,544 hours in 2020. Therefore the demurrage cost and the accumulation cost of freight are evaluated 19.7 billion won in 2011, and 23.3 billion won in 2020, then total accumulated costs during 33 years from 2008 until 2040 are evaluated about 768..9 billion won.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.349-367
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to establish three themes of regional instruction based on new regional geography and to examine explanation of space, understanding of place and judgement of environmental values for the Jinju regional instruction. Under the premise that region is the representation of space, place, and environmental perception, we reviewed location and space, event and place, development and environmental values in Jinju area. The results of the study are as follows: Owing to locational conditions, commercial agriculture, industrial and agroindustrial park, bio industry have been developed in Jinju. There are however some tasks that have to be solved such as rural investment, industrial park relocation and economic reconstruction. The Jinju castle combat, Farmers' resistance in 1862, Human right campaign for butchers in 1923, and educational conflict all occurred in the Jinju community. These events resulted in the integration and separation of the stratified citizens. They were represented as a variety of semiotics and landscape in the place. Citizens who live in Jinju are confronted with judging the environmental values. They ask whether inviting companies to town will ensure environmentally sound and sustainable development. The regional characteristics of knowledge, culture and environment in Jinju have been reproduced through the economic activity, place understanding, place marketing, and citizens' campaign.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.124-137
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• 2012

Climate analysis is important in urban planning for human comfort. Synoptic weather conditions can only resolve the 30% of local variance of wind conditions whereas 70% of the variance arise from local terrain, buildings, and other small scale thermal conditions. Climate Analysis Seoul (CAS) was developed to resolve such micro-scale climate. The Local-scale air temperature Deviation (LD) analysis map from CAS showed the co-existence of built-up and suburban areas in the study region (CR, Cold-air analysis Region) despite its small extent. Temperature, humidity, wind speed, and wind direction were monitored in CR. Hourly observed cooling rate agreed well with LD. Cold air production, transportation, and stagnation was visualized by the observed Vertical Temperature Gradient (VTG) along the small stream in CR. VTG observed at the upper-most stream can be divided into two components: radiative cooling and cold air inflow from outside. Radiative cooling exists regardless of the wind speed whereas cold air inflow occurs only with calm wind. From the regression analyses based on the wind speed, the inflow portion was determined as 84% of radiative cooling. Climate analysis in the future will be able to characterize the changes in cold air by urban development plan to support the human comfort.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2011

There has been the increasing concern with the safety of seven major urban infrastructure such as road, electricity, water supply, sewerage and so on due to urban expansion and new town development. However, high technology development for the common duct which can be an alternative for the safety issue has not been completed due to the law of the national security area. Existing management method of the common duct by people could not respond to the urgent accidents adequately and immediately since it is impossible for us to get access to that in case of fire or gas leak. This study suggests to the method of installing monitoring devices and processing CCTV images with a water supply in a TestLab(a variety of the USN(Ubiquitous Sensor Network) equipment was tested in the TestLab in KICT). The suggested management method of common duct facilities make it possible to do real-time monitoring and prompt access and response to an accident inside the common duct.