• 수산경영론집
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.81-108
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• 2008

Since the declaration made by UN Convention on the Law of the Sea on EEZs, The open seas of Northeast Asia, considerd as a convention area, needed new agreements in conformity with the changes brought by the introduction of the Exclusive Economic Zone(EEZ) system. The Contracting Parties of these agreements set up their own EEZs, which extend certain ranges from their baselines, Fishing in the other party's EEZ is done based on mutual agreements, which take into account traditional fishing activity in the zones. Seperate fishries management systems, in accordance with the relevant legal status of the waters, are applied to individual overlapping areas: Middle Zone in the Bast Sea and the waters south of jeju Island, Interim Measure Zone in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea, and the Transitional Zone in the Yellow Sea. They decided to conclude fisheries agreements as the provisional agreement under Article 74(3) of the UN Convention before the delimitations of the EEZs to avoid the territorial disputes. China and Japan concluded the Fishries Agreement in the November 1997, allowing each coastal State 52 mile EEZ. it was followed by Korea and Japan in September 1998, reaching a final compromise. And also Korea and China came to a satisfactary settlement in November 1998. Fisheries agreements have been established between the three North-east Asian States, the agreement are all bilateral. That implies inefficient resource management on the overlapping waters of the three states, especially on the East China Sea. The Korea-Japan Fisheries Agreement and the China-Japan Fishery Agreement worked as governing rules in the North-east Asian seas before the establishment of EEZs (Exclusive Economic Zones). However the conclusion of the bilateral fishery agreements, Korea China and Japan have developed EEZs, and these three countries have competed for the exploitation of fisheries resources. Therefore, the issue of fisheries resource management was no longer a single countries' problem and emerged as a common issue facing these three countries. In recognition of the above-mentioned problem, it is needed for the construction of cooperative System fishery management in the North-east Asian seas. Therefore, cooperative measures should be establishied. The final goal of the construction of fisheries management cooperative system is to establish sustainable fisheries in the North-east Asian seas. However, there is a big difference in fisheries management tools, fishing gear, exploitation rate of species, etc. This implies that a careful approach should be taken in order to achieve the cooperative fisheries management among Korea, China and Japan. conclusionly, the Governments of Korea, China and Japan should complement three bilateral agreemens, and which they prepares to 'Fisheries Resource Restore Program' Between Korea, China and Japan in the adjacent waters south of Jeju Island.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.603-611
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• 2011

Ethoxylacetyl oxime 리간드 [HL, (1) 및 $H_2L^1$, (3)]와 아세트산 구리(II) 일수화물을 반응시켜 팔면체 및 사각평면착물을 각각 얻었다. 이들 착물을 원소분석, IR 및 UV-Vis 스펙트럼, 자기수자율, 전기전도도 및 ESR 스펙트럼으로 조사하였다. DMF에서 이들 착물의 몰전기전도도 측정한 결과 비이온성을 보였다. 실온 및 77 K에서 [$(L)_2Cu(H_2O)_2$], (2) 착물의 ESR 스펙트럼은 배위결합성을 갖는 축대칭($d_{x2-y2}$)의 특성을 보이며, 또한 전형적인 쌍극자 상호작용에 의해 큰 띠나비를 갖는다. 그러나 착물 [$(L^1)Cu$], (4)는 고체상태에서 큰 띠넓임으로 인해 초미세 갈라짐이 관찰되지 않았는데, 이는 구리(II) 결합자리들 사이의 스핀-교환 상호작용에 의한 것으로 확인되었다. 실온에서 도포된 구리(II) 착물의 스펙트럼은 배위된 질소원자로 인해 극초미세 갈라짐을 보였다. 또한 이 물질은 공유 결합성을 갖는 축형태($d_{x2-y2}$)의 특성을 보이고, 구리(II) 이온의 환경은 기본적으로 사각-평면 배열을 갖는다. 77 K의 얼어있는 메탄올에서 [$(L_1)Cu$], (4)의 스펙트럼은 이합체 화합물의 삼중항 상태의 특성을 보이며, 두 구리(II) 이온 중심 사이의 거리를 계산한 결과 4.8 이다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.384-392
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• 1984

완전히 포화된 거대고리 리간드의 Fe(II) 착화합물 [Fe([14]aneN$_4)(CH_3CN)_2]^{2+}$과 ([14]ane$N_4$:1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) 산소분자간의 반응을 아세토니트릴 용액중에서 연구하였다. [Fe([14]aneTEX>$_4)(CH_3CN)_2]^{2+}$는 산소와 쉽게 반응하여 낮은 스핀 Fe(III) 착화합물 [Fe([14]aneN$_4)(CH_3CN)_2]^{3+}$을 생성하고 이는 다시 산화성 탈수소 반응에 의해 낮은 스핀 Fe(II) 착화합물 [Fe([14]tetraeneN$_4)(CH_3CN)_2]^{2+}$을 형성한다. [Fe([14]tetraeneN$_4)(CH_3CN)_2]^{2+}$의 리간드는 불포화도가 매우 높고 이중결합이 컨쥬게이션 되어 있다. 또한 반응의 중간체로서 [Fe([14]dieneN$_4)(CH_3CN)_2]^{2+}$ 및 [Fe([14]dieneN$_4)(CH_3CN)_2]^{3+}$도 분리되었다. 이 반응과 관련된 Fe(II) 착화합물들은 일산화탄소와 반응하여 [FeL(CH$_3CN)(CO)]^{2+}$ (L = 거대고리 리간드) 형태의 착화합물을 이룬다. [FeL(CH$_3CN)(CO)]^{2+}$의 $v_{CO}$ 값과 [FeL(CH$_3CN_2)^{2+}$의 Fe(II) ${\to}$ Fe(III)의 전기화학적 산화포텐셜 및 산소에 대한 정성적인 안전성은 거대고리 리간드의 불포화도가 높아질수록 증가한다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1659-1663
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• 2003

$Al_2O_3$ thin films were grown on H-terminated Si(001) substrates using dimethylaluminum isopropoxide [DMAl: $(CH_3)_2AlOCH(CH_3)_2$], as a new Al precursor, and water by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The selflimiting ALD process by alternate surface reactions of DMAI and $H_2O$ was confirmed from measured thicknesses of the aluminum oxide films as functions of the DMAI pulse time and the number of DMAI-$H_2O$ cycles. Under optimal reaction conditions, a growth rate of ~1.06 ${\AA}$ per ALD cycle was achieved at the substrate temperature of $150\;^{\circ}C$. From a mass spectrometric study of the DMAI-$D_2O$ ALD process, it was determined that the overall binary reaction for the deposition of $Al_2O_3\;[2\;(CH_3)_2AlOCH(CH_3)_2\;+\;3\;H_2O\;{\rightarrow}\;Al_2O_3\;+\;4\;CH_4\;+\;2\;HOCH(CH_3)_2]$can be separated into the following two half-reactions: where the asterisks designate the surface species. Growth of stoichiometric $Al_2O_3$ thin films with carbon incorporation less than 1.5 atomic % was confirmed by depth profiling Auger electron spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy images show atomically flat and uniform surfaces. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and cross-sectional high resolution transmission electron microscopy of an $Al_2O_3$ film indicate that there is no distinguishable interfacial Si oxide layer except that a very thin layer of aluminum silicate may have been formed between the $Al_2O_3$ film and the Si substrate. C-V measurements of an $Al_2O_3$ film showed capacitance values comparable to previously reported values.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.1121-1126
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• 2010

활성산소에 의해 유도되는 산화적 스트레스가 노화와 관련된 각종 퇴행성 신경질환의 원인으로 밝혀짐에 따라 본 연구에서는 활성산소종인 $H_2O_2$가 유도하는 강력한 산화적 스트레스로부터 신경세포를 보호하는 물질을 탐색하기 위하여 하고초 추출물(PSE)에 관하여 연구하였다. PC12 세포를 이용하여 MTT reduction assay, LDH release assay 및 colony formation assay 등 여러 가지 생물학적인 assay를 통하여 PSE의 세포 보호효과를 확인하였다. 그리고 광학 현미경을 이용한 형태학적 변화 관찰에서도 $H_2O_2$ 처리군에 비해 높은 세포 보호효과를 확인할 수 있었으며, Hoechst 33342 염색과 세포주기 분석을 통하여 PSE의 높은 apoptosis 억제효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로부터 하고초는 $H_2O_2$에 의해 유도된 세포독성으로부터 PC12 세포손상을 강력하게 억제하는 효과가 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 퇴행성 신경질환에 대한 새로운 치료제로서의 가능성을 제시하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.612-617
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• 2014

한국 내 물쇠뜨기 여섯 개 자연 집단의 표현형적 유연 관계를 RAPD 마커에 근거하여 집단수준에서 조사하였다. 또한 RAPD로 물쇠뜨기 집단의 유전적 다양성과 집단구조를 분석하였다. 물쇠뜨기는 평균 26.7%의 유전적 다형성을 나타내었다. 물쇠뜨기는 대립유전자좌위당 적은 수의 좌위(1.267)와 유효한 유전자좌위(1.176)를 나타내었다. 물쇠뜨기의 유전적 다양도(H)는 0.102로 유사한 생활사를 가진 다른 종에 비해 낮았다. 전체 유전적 다양도($H_T$)는 0.112(OPD-07)에서 0.445(OPD-16)까지였으며 평균은 0.141이었다. 전체 유전적 다양도에서 집단 내 다양도($H_S$)는 0.102로 낮았다. 이런 낮은 물쇠뜨기의 다양도는 무성적 생식, 작은 집단 크기, 집단화 과정 등으로 설명될 수 있었다. 유전자좌위에 근거한 집단간 분화를 나타내는 다양도는 비율은 OPD-07의 0.129에서 OPD-09에 0.455로 평균은 0.277이었다. 전체 유전적 변이에서 집단간 변이는 27.7%였으며 나머지 변이의 72.3%는 집단 내에 있었다. 본 결과는 물쇠뜨기의 분류학적 연구 및 집단유전학에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.246-255
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• 2007

Mutans streptococci have been implicated as cariogenic bacteria in dental caries because they can produce high levels of dental caries-causing lactic acid and extracellular polysaccharide. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize the mutans streptococci from the dental plaque obtained from Koreans. The dental plaque samples were collected from the anterior and molar teeth of both jaws in 155 subjects (aged 2 to 33.2 years, average age $13.7{\pm}4.7\;years$). The samples were diluted by 100-fold in $1{\times}\;PBS$ and plated on mitis-salivarius bacitracin (MSB) agar plates. The mutans streptococci grown on MSB plates were screened by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) targeting dextranase gene (dex). The mutans streptococci were identified at the species level using a 16S rDNA sequencing comparison method. The biochemical tests were carried out to biotype the mutans streptococci. Ninety-five strains of the mutans streptococci out of 358 colonies, which were derived from 141 subjects, were isolated. Of them, 77 strains and 18 strains were Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, respectively. The biotyping data showed that 62, 1, 20, 10, and 2 strains were biotypes I, II, IV, V and variant, respectively. Of the two strains of variant biotype, one strains was similar to biotype IV except that it was positive to the arginine hydrolysis test. We considered this one strain a new biotype, and classified it as biotype VII. In conclusion, S. mutans and its biotype I was most frequently isolated in Korean dental plaque. The mutans streptococci strains isolated in this study might be useful for the study of the pathogenesis and the prevention of dental caries.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.107-116
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• 1994

원형질체 융합으로 주름버섯목 느타리버섯과 민주름버섯목 잔나비걸상버섯과의 이목간 체세포잡종을 36균주 얻어 꺽쇠연결체 clamp connections있는 2균주와 꺽쇠연결체 없는 3균주의 자실체를 형성하였다. 꺽쇠연결체 없는 융합주는 한천배지나 액체배지에서는 자실체를 얻을 수 없었다. 그러나 톱밥배지에서 균사가 완전히 성장한 후 일정한 광과 온도를 유지한 결과 꺽쇠연결체가 있는 균사가 새로이 성장하였으며 거의 완전하게 다시 성장한 후 원기가 유도되고 자실체가 성숙하였다. 버섯자실체 특성은 느타리버섯과 유사하였으며, 갓 색택은 느타리와는 다소 다르게 나타났다. 3균주의 담자포자로 유전형질의 분리와 유전자재조합을 조사한 결과 꺽쇠연결체 있는 2균주는 비정상적인 분리 현상을 보였는데, 양친에 없는 ane, rib, ane rib 표지를 가진 것이 나타났다. 3종류의 random primer를 이용하여 핵산 연쇄 중합반응 polymerase chain reaction(PCR)에 의한 4개 체세포잡종의 염색체 DNA의 다형화현상을 조사한 결과 느타리친과 유사한 양상을 가졌으나 비양친의 밴드를 나타내었으며 primer #87, #125의 1.2kbp, 0.6kbp에서 각각 뚜렷하게 구분되었다. 4개 체세포잡종의 미토콘드리아 DNA의 제한효소 EcoR1과 HindIII의 절단결과 2균주는 느타리와 동일하였으며 2균주는 양친과 다른 양상을 나타내었다. 원형질체 융합주, 융합주 자실체로부터의 조직배양주, 융합주의 담자포자 발아주, 양친주를 포함하여 총16균주를 등전점 전기영동으로 동위효소 esterase를 분석한 결과 융합주 6균주중 5균주는 느타리와 유사하였으며 1균주는 양친과 전혀 다른 새로운 밴드양상으로 이들 모두 양친과 뚜렷이 구분되었다. 융합주와 자실체 조직배양주는 밴드양상이 거의 유사하였으나 $F^2$는 다소 차이가 나타났다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2015

Plasma is an ionized gas mixture, consisting of neutral particles, positive ions, negative electrons, electronically excited atoms and molecules, radicals, UV photons, and various reactive species. Also, plasma has unique physical properties distinct from gases, liquids, and solids. Until now, non-thermal plasmas have been widely utilized in bio-medical applications (called bio-plasma) and have been developed for the plasma-related devices that are used in the medical field. Although numerous bio-plasma studies have been performed in biomedicine, there is no confirmation of the nonthermal effect induced by bio-plasma. Standardization of the biological application of plasma has not been evaluated at the molecular level in living cells. In this context, we investigated the biological effect of bio-plasma on living cells. Hence, we treated the fibroblasts with Dielectric Bauvier Discharge bio-plasma (DBD), and assessed the characteristic change at the molecular level, one of the typical cellular responses. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) regulates its own protein level in response to stimuli. HSP70 responds to heat shock by increasing its own expression at the molecular level in cells. Hence, we confirmed the level of HSP70 after treatment of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with DBD. Interestingly, DBD-plasma induced cell death, but there was no difference in the level of HSP70, which is induced by heat shock stimuli, in DBD-treated MEFs. Our data provide the basic information on the interaction between MEFs and DBD, and can help to design a molecular approach in this field.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2004

The industrialization of central Europe more than 100 ago marked the beginning of densely concentrated buildings in quickly growing cities. A cheap type of roofing material of that time was tar. But it was dangerous because it was high inflammable. Then some roofer had a splendid idea. They used sandy material as a final layer atop the impermeable tar layer. These roofs were much more fire resistant than the typical roofs. In this sandy layer some plant species began to grow spontaneously. This was the beginning of the green roof history of modern Europe. A number of these green roofs survived both world wars. In the early 80's in Berlin alone, 50 such buildings existed and they continued to be waterproof until the present day. Since the 1992 Earth Summit of 1992 in Rio de Janeiro(http://www.johannesburgsummit.org/html/basic_info/unced.html) the term "sustainable development" became of central interest of urban designers. In city regions green roofs had become synonymous with this term. With a small investment, long-lasting roofs can be created. Further back in history, more exciting examples of green roofs can be found. The hanging gardens of antiquity are well-known. There are also green roofs built as insulation against cold and heat all over the world. For over 20 years, roof greening in central Europe has been closely examined for various reasons. Roof greening touches several different disciplines. Of primary interest is the durability of the roofs. But ecologists are also interested in green roofs, for instance in biodiversity research. The beneficial effect of greening on water proofing was also proven. For some time, the issue of fire protection was investigated. According to tests, green roofs received a harsh careful rating. Their fire protective property is considered similar to that of tile roofs. Another recent impulse for the green roof movement in Germany has come from the evident improvement of storm water retention and the reduced burden on the sewer system. The question of whether and how much energy green roofs can save has become an urgent question. The state of the research and also various open questions from a central European point of view will be discussed in the context of international collaboration. Apart from academic considerations, those who involve themselves in this issue take a predominantly positive view of the numerous existing green roofs in Germany. In some cities, green roofs are the typical construction technique for new buildings. A few outstanding examples will conclude this review. In Germany, about 20 companies, some of which operate internationally, specialize in green roof consulting. Learning from each other in an open-ended way with respect to different construction techniques and applications in various climatic regions can only be accomplished through such international collaboration as is taking place here.