• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 2009

The marketing environment has become competitive to an extent that requires firms to target their products at markets that span national boundaries. However, competitive clout cannot be achieved in global consumer markets unless firms thoroughly understand and adequately respond to the core values and needs of those consumers. Brand equity is one of the most important assets to a company. Especially in sportswear markets, brand equity is the crucial value added to a product by its brand name. Factors such as country of origin also influence customer's attitude towards brand equity. Therefore, this paper discusses the relationship between country of origin effect and brand equity, and how they influence consumers' loyalty for respective brands. This paper focused on the sports shoes market, because it is an increasing area of opportunity for world manufacturers. The objectives of this study were the following. (1) Test the effect of country of origin on brand equity. (2) Test how brand equity influences consumers' brand loyalty. (3) Find whether there are differences in the effects of country of origin and brand equity among the three countries. (4) Find whether there are differences in the effects of country of origin and brand equity among the different lifestyles. Based on the review of literature results, the hypotheses are concluded as the following: H1-a: Country image has positive influence on country of origin. H1-b: Product perception has positive influence on country of origin. H2-a: Perceived quality has positive effect on brand equity. H2-b: Perceived price has positive effect on brand equity. H3: Country of origin has positive effect on brand equity. H4: Brand equity has a positive impact on brand loyalty. Research model was constructed (see Fig. 1). After data analysis, the following results were concluded: sports shoes purchase behavior showed significant differences among Korean, Chinese, and American consumers for favorite brand, purchased brand, purchased place, information usage, and favorite sports games. The results of this study also extend the research of the relationship among country of origin, brand equity and brand loyalty to the sports shoes market. Brand equity was proven to have a significant relationship with brand loyalty for all countries. The factors which can influence brand equity are different for different countries. The third finding of this paper is that we identified different three lifestyles, adventurer, follower, and laggard, for Korean, Chinese and American consumers. Without the nationality boundary, seeing the emergence of a new group of consumers who have similar preferences and buy similar brands is more important. All of the consumers consider brand equity to keep their brand loyalty. Perceived price is the only factor which can influence brand equity for adventurers; brand is more important for them. The laggards were not influenced by any factor. All of the factors expect perceived price are important for the followers. Marketing managers should consider brand equity when introducing their brand into a new market. Also localization is the basic strategy that all the sports shoes companies should understand. But as a global brand, understanding the same characteristics for each country is more important to build global strategy.

• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.155-164
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• 1999

With the increase of milk consumption upto 54.5kgjperson as af the year 1994, dairy market has been mainly shared by a few specialized companies. Different from these, there are also remarkable companies like YeonSe Dairy, Konkook Dairy and SamYook University Food which are associated with Universities. These university-originated brands differentiate from others in the market with the advantage of positive university image and result in synergy effect between product image and univiersity PRo Located in Ansung, one of the most famous dairy areas, HanKyong National University designated as characterized university for Dairy by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry in 1996 has a big. advantage to build new dairy brand with attractive merits as like high education institute with R'll'&'ll'D, good logistics from market area, environmental condition for dairy industry and historical background as Agricultural university. Our New dairy brand has been created under the following concepts to have concrete brand image ; 1. Confidence - university logo 'll'&'ll' symbol designed together with "Characterized university for Dairy by government" 2. Fresh - Image differentiation through creative brand symbol 3. Health - Individual brand development specialized by each product

• Archives of design research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2000

It is very important the design of Brand Image Identity and it's physical finish especially on the product like an automobile which has the priority in the total body styling. Recently the brand recognition of consumers changed into the variable one that for the various reasons from the rigid in the past and a smart impression of each BI become more important for this reason. The concept of individual brand identity started out from the concept of a simple ornament on the early vehicles. Therefore it is not necessary to advertise the brand itself for the brand that has the relatively long history, while the new brand or maker has to get the reputation on the brand from the consumers. For these reasons, recent automotive BI is on the way of diversifying both in the simple and abstractive design and the physical finish of materials that is used for and the production method and glamorous trend, which is more evident on the BI of the new brands.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to address marketing strategies for the brand extension of university-licensed merchandise by investigating influences on intent to purchase a new university-licensed merchandise line, tartan. A survey questionnaire was developed and administered online to the major target market for university-licensed merchandise. Four hundred and fifty students and alumni from a US Midwestern university completed the survey. Respondents were asked to answer questions on university identification, perceived university prestige, perceived value of the university-licensed merchandise, intent to purchase a brand extension in university-licensed merchandise, and demographics. It was hypothesized that university identification (H1) and perceived university prestige (H2) are positively related to the perceived value of the university-licensed merchandise and that perceived value of the university-licensed merchandise is positively related to intent to purchase a brand extension in university-licensed merchandise (H3). The difference between students and alumni was also tested. Consumers with high university identification and high perceived university prestige highly valued the university-licensed merchandise. Consumers who perceived a high value of the current university-licensed merchandise displayed a strong intent to purchase a brand extension in university-licensed merchandise. There was no structural difference between the two groups. The study builds on existing research on the influences of attitudes toward the university and university-licensed merchandise on purchasing university-licensed merchandise, specifically investigating intent to purchase a brand extension in university-licensed merchandise. This study also extends previous brand-extension research into university-licensed merchandise.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.716-726
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• 2020

This study presents methods and alternative examples for fashion brands to effectively use video-based communication channels to form brand identity that analyzes the definition, status and type of YouTube channel fashion films as well as enables the ability to derive brand identity characteristics. Literature studies focused on Christian Dior's official website and related previous studies. The temporal range of the case studies was from October 7, 2010, the date when the first fashion film was uploaded to current Christian Dior YouTube to July 17, 2020 (the survey date), and there are a total of 550 subjects for quantitative analysis. The succession of the couture spirit means that Christian Dior's craftsmanship was created and passed down by Musée Christian Dior to act as a contemporary key element of brand identity. The iconic expression of femininity is Dior's core design philosophy that began when the woman image of a new era was presented through a new look, and Dior's femininity means a woman that reflects the character of the times as is interpreted as her own personality from the perspective of modernism through the creative directors of future generations. The brand's core identity code 'Miss Dior' expresses the brand's vision and eternity through perfume as well as targets Z generation male consumers through an emotional approach based on forms that used emotional images such as movie-type films.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.27-37
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• 2012

Many studies have focused on the importance of organizational integration when companies try to achieve growth through mergers and acquisitions (M&A). However, there has been little research that focuses on the new branding or customer base integration of the M&A process, despite the fact that this integration is very important for achieving M&A goals and business performance in industries such as retail. The purpose of this study is to provide an M&A case study of the retail industry, focused especially on the new branding and customer integration of two department stores. This study examined key integration processes in terms of brand name and membership systems of both companies by examining how the merged company achieved its new branding and the integration of its membership systems. The methodology of this research is the case study, which is used in both normative and empirical studies for distribution research in Korea. This research analyzes the case of both new branding and customer membership systems of the two companies. The new branding initiatives of this case centered on decision making including brand extension and brand naming. The customer membership integration of the two companies is analyzed on the basis of the customer reward programs that include both financial and service rewards. This study shows the success factors of new branding and customer integration in the M&A process in terms of achieving marketing goals and business performance as follows: First, companies should identify the integration areas by analyzing the brand and membership of both companies and make a balanced decision for both the customer and company. Second, the goals of new branding and membership integration in the M&A process should not emphasize business efficiency from a short-term perspective but rather should consider brand power and business synergy from a long-term perspective. Third, the post-merger integration process of the brand or customer areas requires not only the organized execution of integration tasks but also follow-up programs for changes in business strategy and marketing-related programs to realize the synergy effects of integrated organization. Although this study provides a detailed review and analysis of the new branding and customer integration processes in post-merger integration and in identifying the primary decision-making areas of these processes, there are some limitations requiring further research that may overcome or compensate for these limitations. The suggested future research areas are as follows: First, since this research is a case study of only one M&A, it makes few theoretical contributions such as new propositions or theories or possibilities for generalization. This limitation can be overcome through further research using multiple cases, which may lead to new propositions. Second, the methodology of this study lacks sufficient rigor in terms of its analytic approach because this case study was developed and analyzed descriptively. Further research is needed to compensate for these limitations, such as using a theory-based approach or comparative analysis approach that makes case analysis more systematic.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.486-499
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• 2011

Now, the Korean consumer market enters into the stage of the advanced country type's mature consumption, totally different from the consumption of the past, and among these changes, the quality enhancement and bipolarity of the consumption show clearly the rising trends together with the popularization of the Masstige Brand due to the big expansion of the quantity. Unlike the old luxury brands, available only to the rich people in the past, the Masstige Brands are tagged with reasonable and affordable prices and provide the consumers with the good quality and convenient sensibilities as good as the old famous brands, which have become new high-class brands for the middle-income class. As the middle-come people get more income and are eager to live a better life, the Masstige Brands rise fast. Therefore, the study is aimed at examining the consumer-related factors affecting the purchase of the Masstige Brands on the basis of the fashion brands. In other words, the factors affecting the formation of the positive purchasing intentions of consumers will be verified by examining the influence of such factors, as the consumer value, brand charisma, attitude and loyalty, the variables affecting the purchasing intentions of the Masstige Brands, which are found out through the proceeding researches. As the result of the verification on the assumption, it is found out that the consumer value has a positive influence on the brand charisma. Also, it is found out that the consumer value has a positive influence on the brand attitude. And, it is discovered that the brand charisma has a positive influence on the brand loyalty. It is shown that the brand attitude has a positive influence on the brand loyalty. Lastly, it is indicated that the brand loyalty has a positive influence on the purchasing intention of consumers.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.28-39
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the information sources according to the benefit segmentations of New kids' jeans wearing. The subject consisted of 392 adolescents in Seoul and Honsung area. For analysis of data, confirming factor analysis, correlations, stepwise regression analysis were applied. The results were as follow ; 1. The benefit segmentation dimensions of New kids' jeans wearing were brand royalty, personality, fashionality, and utility pursuit. 2. According to the correlations between the benefit segmentation and the information sources, brand royalty was positive correlation with all information sources. Similary, both personality and fashionality were positive correlation with market initiated and neutral information. The other hand. only utility was negative correlation with neutral information. 3. In influences of the information sources according to the benefit segmentations, market initiated information is high valued in personality, fashionality, utility, and brand royalty. Neutral information is high valued in fashionality.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.23-30
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• 2016

Purpose - As socially responsible consumption increases, green marketing emerges as a new philosophy in marketing. A number of companies are now putting forth green marketing strategies. But there is no single definition of "green brand" that can be used interchangeably. In this paper, we attempt to explore the meaning for "green brand," especially in Information and Technology products. Research design, data, and methodology - The author developed qualitative and quantitative research design. In particular, the paper approaches this topic from the Asian consumers' perspective and applies ethical concepts to green brand research. For this, Chinese and Korean consumers were used as consumer segmentation variables to investigate their ethical perspectives. Results - Qualitative research showed that there are several attributes and benefits we need to consider for green brand. Quantitative study showed positive correlations of the two variables: the higher the consumer ethics are, the more they prefer green brands. Conclusions - The current study shows that consumers clearly have a certain propensity toward green brand equity. Thus, marketers should consider the consumers' evaluation about green brands. This paper also proposes that ethics have a close relationship with green brand equity, and companies may use ethics in marketing strategy management.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.49-55
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• 2013

Purpose - This study examined the effects of susceptibility to global consumer culture (SGCC) on the brand attitude of consumers of the global SPA brand in South Korea. Research Design, Data, and Methodology -Questionnaires were used, and the sample that was extracted by the convenience sampling method comprised 703 males and females, aged 20-36. The data were analyzed with SPSS 16.0 and Amos 5.0 for frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling analysis. Results - First, conformity to consumption trends was found to have a significant effect on all four variables of SPA brand attitude (brand favorability, uniqueness, ethicality, and economic utility). Second, quality perception was found to have a significant effect on brand favorability, uniqueness, ethicality, and economic utility. Third, social prestige was found to have a positive effect on uniqueness. Conclusions - The results show that consumers' susceptibility to global culture is a significant factor in their attitude to the global SPA brand. Therefore, it would be more effective if the global SPA brand develops recognition among consumers that its products play a role in sharing new trends and global lifestyles.