• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.79-85
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• 2010

Purpose: Many trials for new therapeutic approaches such as stem cell-based transplantation have been conducted to improve the repair and regeneration of injured cord tissue and to restore functions following spinal cord injury (SCI) in animals and humans. Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ATSCs) have multi-lineage potential to differentiate into cells with neuron-like morphology. Most studies of stem cell transplantation therapy after SCI are focused on cellular regeneration and restoration of motor function, but not on unwanted effects after transplantation such as neuropathic pain. This study was focused on whether transplantation of ATSCs could facilitate or attenuate hindpaw pain responses to heat, cold and mechanical stimulation, as well as on improvement of locomotor function in a rat with SCI. Methods: A spinal cord injury rat model was produced using an NYU impactor by dropping a 10 g rod from a height of 25 mm on to the T9 segment. Human ATSCs (hATSCs; approximately $5{\times}10^5$ cells) or DMEM were injected into the perilesional area 9 days after the SCI. After transplantation, hindpaw withdrawal responses to heat, cold and mechanical allodynia were measured over 7 weeks. Motor recovery on the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale and on the inclined plane test were also evaluated. Results: The present study demonstrated that increased hindpaw withdrawal responses to cold allodynia was observed in both groups after transplantation, but the development of cold-induced allodynia in the hATSC transplantation group was significantly larger than in the control group. The difference between the two groups in locomotor functional improvement after SCI was also significant. Conclusion: Careful consideration not only of optimal functional benefits but also of unintended side effects such as neuropathic pain is necessary before stem cell transplantation therapy after SCI.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7793-7797
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• 2014

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate predictive role of risk of malignancy index in discriminating between benign and malignant adnexal masses preoperatively. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted with a total of 569 patients with adnexal masses/ovarian cysts managed surgically at our clinic between January 2006 and January 2012. Obtained data from patient files were age, gravidity, parity, menopause status, ultrasound findings and CA125 levels. For all patients ultrasound scans were performed. For the assessment of risk of malignancy index (RMI) Jacobs' model was used. Histopathologic results of all patients were recorded postoperatively. Malignancy status of the surgically removed adnexal mass was the gold standard. Results: Of the total masses, 245 (43.1%) were malignant, 316 (55.5%) were benign and 8 (1.4%) were borderline. The mean age of benign cases was lower than malign cases ($35.2{\pm}10.9$ versus $50.8{\pm}13.4$, p<0.001). Four hundred and five of them (71.2%) were in premenopausal period. Malignant tumors were more frequent in postmenopausal women (81% versus 29%, p<0.001). All ultrasound parameters of RMI were statistically significantly favorable for malignant masses. In our study ROC curve analysis for RMI provided maximum Youden index at level of 163.85. When we based on cutoff level for RMI as 163.85 sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV was calculated 74.7%, 96.2%, 94% and 82.6%, respectively. Conclusions: RMI was found to be a significant marker in preoperative evaluation and management of patients with an adnexal mass, and was useful for referring patients to tertiary care centers. Although utilization of RMI provides increased diagnostic accuracy in preoperative evaluation of patient with an adnexal mass, new diagnostic tools with higher sensitivity and specificity are needed to discriminate ovarian cancer from benign masses.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2010

Cancelable biometrics is a robust and secure biometric recognition method using revocable biometric template in order to prevent possible compromisation of the original biometric data. In this paper, we present a new cancelable bits extraction method for the facial data. We use our previous cancelable feature template for the bits extraction. The adopted cancelable template is generated from two different original face feature vectors extracted from two different appearance-based approaches. Each element of feature vectors is re-ordered, and the scrambled features are added. With the added feature, biometric bits string is extracted using helper data based method. In this technique, helper data is generated using statistical property of the added feature vector, which can be easily replaced with straightforward revocation. Because, the helper data only utilizes partial information of the added feature, our proposed method is a more secure method than our previous one. The proposed method utilizes the helper data to reduce feature variance within the same individual and increase the distinctiveness of bit strings of different individuals for good recognition performance. For a security evaluation of our proposed method, a scenario in which the system is compromised by an adversary is also considered. In our experiments, we analyze the proposed method with respect to performance and security using the extended YALEB face database

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.225-234
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• 2015

Neurobiological approach helps to resolve the mind-body dualism and develop new assessment and treatment approaches in psychiatry. However, it could be a problem to place too much emphasis on certain aspects of neurobiology, specifically structural neuroanatomy, because of the complexity or comorbidity of neuropsychiatric disorders. Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), for instance, is generally related to problems in motor skills and this movement disability is often related to perception. One account, two visual systems theory, relied on functional distinction in brain; ventral stream is responsible for visual recognition, and dorsal stream is responsible for the guidance of actions. However, Studies are now showing that shape perception is relevant to visually guided action, such as reaching-to-grasp an object. In this article, I reviewed fundamental findings of two-visual system theory and suggested problems of visually guided action to consider what shape perception implies for the two visual systems. Questions raised highlight possible limitations of adopting a structural neuroanatomical approach to account for perception and action effects, and by extent related psychiatric conditions such as DCD. In conclusion, neurobiological approach converging to neuropsychiatry, while useful, would be limited if it focuses too much on anatomical distinction.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.217-232
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• 2007

The Puu Oo eruption in Hawaii since 1983 is one of the largest eruptions on Hawaii's volcanic history with prominent compositional variation ($5.6{\sim}10.1wt.%$ in MgO content). Although intense researches of Hawaiian eruption have been conducted for recent years, there is no up-to-date study on Puu Oo lavas that is erupting hot lavas today. in oder to obtain basic information on the geological characteristics of the eruption including any noticeable change in its petrological trend and magma dynamics, we applied several geological approaches such as field survey, systematic sampling, petrography, mineralogy, and geochemistry. Clinopyroxene and Plagioclase phenocrysts are rarely observed on the thin section, however Olivine crysts are much more obvious in the study area. It indicates that Puu Oo is early stage of magma differentiation. Variation diagram of whole rock composition shows that the elements such as $TiO_2,\;Al_2O_3,\;SiO_2$ and $Na_2O$ decrease with increasing MgO. In the trace element Sr, Y Zr and V versus $K_2O$, P18, P19 samples are plotted in primitive area. Variations of the Ni contents during $2003{\sim}2006$ may suggest a sudden change in magma composition probably caused by new magma injection.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.7-7
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• 2017

Unfavorable weather and soil conditions reduce rice yield and land and water productivity, aggravating existing encounters of poverty and food insecurity. These conditions are foreseen to worsen with climate change and with the unceasing irrational human practices that progressively debilitate productivity despite global appeals for more food. Our understanding of plant responses to abiotic stresses is advancing and is complex, involving numerous critical processes - each controlled by several genetic factors. Knowledge of the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in signaling, response and adaptation, and in some cases the genes involved, is advancing. Moreover, the genetic diversity being unveiled within cultivated rice and its wild relatives is providing ample resources for trait and gene discovery, and this is being scouted for rice improvement using modern genomics and molecular tools. Development of stress tolerant varieties is now being fast-tracked through the use of DNA markers and advanced breeding strategies. Large numbers of drought, submergence and salt tolerant varieties were commercialized over recent years in South and Southeast Asia and more recently in Africa. These varieties are making significant changes in less favorable areas, transforming lives of smallholder farmers - progress considered incredulous in the past. The stress tolerant varieties are providing assurance to farmers to invest in better management of their crops and the ability to adjust their cropping systems for even higher productivity and more income, sparking changes analogous to that of the first green revolution, which previously benefited only favorable irrigated and rainfed areas. New breeding tools using markers for multiple stresses made it possible to develop more resilient, higher yielding varieties to replace the aging and obsolete varieties still dominating these areas. Varieties with multiple stress tolerances are now becoming available, providing even better security for farmers and lessening their production risks even in areas affected by complex and overlapping stresses. The progress made in these less favorable areas triggered numerous favorable changes at the national and regional levels in several countries in Asia, including adjusting breeding and dissemination strategies to accelerate outreach and enabling changes at higher policy levels, creating a positive environment for faster progress. Exploiting the potential of these less productive areas for food production is inevitable, to meet the escalating global needs for more food and sustained production systems, at times when national resources are shrinking while demand for food is mounting. However, the success in these areas requires concerted efforts to make use of existing genetic resources for crop improvement and establishing effective evaluation networks, seed production systems, and seed delivery systems to ensure faster outreach and transformation.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.107-115
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• 2014

Recently, increased use of the internet resulted in generation of large and diverse types of data due to increased use of social media, expansion of a convergence of among industries, use of the various smart device. We are facing difficulties to manage and analyze the data using previous data processing techniques since the volume of the data is huge, form of the data varies and evolves rapidly. In other words, we need to study a new approach to solve such problems. Many approaches are being studied on this issue, and we are describing an effective design and development to build indexing engine of big data platform. Our goal is to build a system that could effectively manage for huge data set which exceeds previous data processing range, and that could reduce data analysis time. We used large SNMP log data for an experiment, and tried to reduce data analysis time through the fast indexing and searching approach. Also, we expect our approach could help analyzing the user data through visualization of the analyzed data expression.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.9-25
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• 2018

Plant viruses cause significant yield losses and continuously threaten crop production, representing a serious threat to global food security. Studies on plant-virus interactions have contributed to increase our knowledge on plant immunity mechanism, providing new strategies for crop improvement. The prophylactic managements consist mainly following international legislations, eradication of infected plants, and application of pesticide to decrease the population of vectors. Hence, putting together the pieces of knowledge related to molecular plant immunity to viruses is critical for the control of virus disease in fields. Over the last several decades, the outstanding outcomes of extensive research have been achieved on comprehension of plant immunity to viruses. Although most dominant R genes have been used as natural resistance genes, recessive resistance genes have been deployed in several crops as another efficient strategy to control viruses. In addition, RNA interference also regulates plant immunity and contribute a very efficient antiviral system at the nucleic acid level. This review aims at describing virus disease on crops and summarizes current resistance mechanisms. Furthermore, we will discuss the current biotechnological approaches to control viral diseases and the future questions that are to be addressed to secure crop production against viruses.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.355-401
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• 2013

The first legislation for terminal health-care decision was California's Natural Death Act (NDA) of 1976 that permitted any adult person to execute a directive directing the withholding or withdrawal of life-sustaining procedures. Advance directive legislation has subsequently progressed on a state-by-state basis. By 1992, all 50 states, as well as the District of Columbia, had passed legislation to legalize some form of advance directive. This state legislation, however, has resulted in an often fragmented, incomplete, and sometimes inconsistent set of rules. Statutes enacted within a state often conflict and conflicts between statutes of different states are common. In an increasingly mobile society where an advance health-care directive given in one state must frequently be implemented in another, there is a need for greater uniformity. In 1993, the Uniform Law Commissioners approved the Uniform Health-Care Decisions Act (UHCDA) in order to bring order to the existing chaos. Unfortunately, the Commissioners waited too long to act. By the time the UHCDA was approved, nearly all states had passed legislation governing advance directives. Consequently, the UHCDA has achieved only a limited success, picking up but one or two enactments a year. The UHCDA is currently in effect in around 10 states: Alabama, Alaska, California, Delaware, Hawaii, Kansas, Maine, Mississippi, New Mexico, Tennessee, Wyoming. In these states the previous laws related to the subjects have been all repealed. The overall objective of the UHCDA is to encourage the making and enforcement of advance health care directives including living will or individual instruction, power of health-care attorney and to provide a means for making health care decisions for those who have failed to plan. The U. S. House of Representatives in 1991 enacted the Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA). The Act stipulates that all hospitals receiving Medicaid or Medicare reimbursement must ascertain whether patients have or wish to have advance directives. The Patient Self- Determination Act does not create or legalize advance directives; rather it validates their existence in each of the states. Now in America, terminal health-care decision or advance directive for health care is common and universal system. The problem, however, is how to let more people use these good tools to make their lives more beautiful and honorable.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.681-691
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• 2014

Ranking-based conjoint analysis(RBCA) and choice-based conjoint analysis(CBCA) have attracted significant interest in various fields such as marketing research. When conducting research, the researcher has to select one suitable approach in consideration of strengths and weaknesses. This article performs an empirical comparison of the predictability of RBCA and CBCA in order to provide criterion for the selection. A new concept of measurement set is developed by combining the ranking set and choice set. The measurement set enables us to apply two approaches separately on the same consumer group that allows a fair comparison of predictability. RBCA and CBCA are conducted on consumer preferences for RTD-coffee; subsequently, the predicted values of market shares and hit rates are compared. The study result reveals that their predictabilities are not significantly different. Further, the result indicates that RBCA is recommended if the researcher wants to improve data quality by filtering out poor responses or to implement the market segmentation. In contrast, CBCA is recommended if the researcher wants to lessen the burden on the respondents or to measure preferences under similar conditions with the actual marketplace.