• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.285-294
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• 1991

In this study, the immunomodulating effects of levamisole, selenium and tocopherol on blood neutrophils and peritoneal macrophages of goat were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The functions of blood neutrophils and peritoneal macrophages were assayed by random and direct migration, phagocytosis of S aureus, production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. The results obtained were summarized as follows: In vitro trials 1. Levamisole treatment enhanced the random and direct migration of goat blood neutrophils when compared with untreated cell, and a significant (p<0.01) enhancement was noticed at the concentration of $100{\mu}g$ for direct migration and $50{\mu}g{\sim}1,000{\mu}g\;per\;ml$ of culture medium for random migration. There was no influence of selenium and tocopherol on random and direct migration of neutrophil at all of treatment concentration. 2. Neutrophils produced higher levels of superoxide by lcvamisole treatment at the concentration of $100{\mu}g$ and by selenium treatment at the concentration of $1.0{\mu}g$, but the production of hydrogen peroxide was not increased. Tocopherol had no effect on the production of antimicrobicidal oxygen metabolites of neutrophils at various concentrations. 3. No differences of phagocytic activity were observed when neutrophils were treated with three substances. In vivo trials 1. Blood neutrophils of goats orally administered levaraisole showed significantly (p<0.05) higher random migration from 2 to 24 hours after feeding (2.5mg/kg of body weight). Augmentation of random migration of neutrophil from goats orally administered selenium-tocopherol mixture (selenium $100{\mu}g$-tocopherol 200IU/head/day) was observed at 10 days and the significant (p<0.05) increase was shown from 30 days after feeding and continued throughout the feeding periods. 2. There was no effect on phagocytic activity and production of antimicrobicidal oxygen metabolites of neutrophils from goats administered levamisole or selenium-tocopherol mixture. 3. Random migration, production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide and S aureus phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages of goats administered 300ml of levamisole-thioglycollatc medium mixture $(2.5{\mu}g/ml)$ into peritoneal cavity increased significantly (p<0.01 or p<0.05) when compared with those of goats administered thioglycollate medium alone.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.728-735
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• 1996

Background : Recognition and ingestion of opsonized microorganisms by neutrophils induces the burst of oxidative metabolic activity. Products of the respiratory burst activity provide powerful oxygen dependent killing mechanism. Measurement of respiratory burst activity has been a major indicator of the functional capacity of neutrophils. We determined the respiratory burst activity of neutrophils in patients with pneumonia and observed the changes during the clinical course of pneumonia. Methods: The EDTA blood was drawn from 24 normal controls and same numbers of pneumonia patients. The respiratory burst activity(with the production of $H_2O_2$ which changes nonfluorescent DCF-DA to green fluorescent DCF) in the non-stimulated state and the stimulated state with fMLP and PMA of neutrophils was measured by flowcytometry at day 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 of admission. Results: The respiratory burst activity of neutrophils was mildly increased by stimulation with fMLP. But there was no statistical significance between normal control and patients with pneumonia. The respiratory burst activity of neutrophils was markedly increased by stimulation with PMA in both groups. There was a significant difference in response to PMA between normal control and patients with pneumonia. The production of hydrogen peroxide from neutrophils was decreased during early course of pneumonia and it was recuperated gradually to normal level in 9 days. Conclusion : Hydrogen peroxide production from neutrophils was suppressed during early course of pneumonia and restored after treatment. It is suggested that the production of oxygen radical in response to PMA stimulation from each neutrophils is decreased rather than increased during the early course of pneumonia.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.31 no.1 s.57
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• pp.123-133
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• 1995

A number of tricyclic antidepressants appear to have inhibitory action on calmodulin. Although amitriptyline, imipramine and doxepine have been shown to inhibit calcium uptake, oxidative phosphorylation and ATPase activities, effects of amitriptyline, imipramine and doxepine on functional responses of human neutrophils have not been elucidated. In this study, effects amitriptyline, imipramine and doxepine on superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generation, myeloperoxidase release, leukocriene B4 formation and intracellular calcium level were investigated. Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production in heat aggregated IgG-activated neutrophils were inhibited by amitriptyline, imipramine and doxepine. EDTA, EGTA, verapamil and bepredil inhibited heat aggregated IgG-induced superoxide production. Chlorpromazine, trifluoperazine, staurosporine and H-7 also inhibited it. PMA-induced superoxide production was inhibited by amitriptyline, imipramine, doxepine, chlorpromazine and H-7. Amitriptyline, imipramine, chlorpromazine and trifluoperazine inhibited the myeloperoxidase release by heat aggregated IgG. Productions of $LTB_4$, and 5-HETE in heat aggregated IgG-activated neutrophils were inhibited by amitriptyline, imipramine and doxepine. In neutrophils, elevation of intracellular calcium induced by heat aggregated IgG was inhibited by amitriptyline, imipramine, doxepine, chlorpromazine and EGTA, while verapamil slightly inhibited increase of intracellular calcium and H-7 did not inhibit it. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of amitriptyline, imipramine and doxepine on respiratory burst, myeloperoxidase release and LTB4 production in heat aggregated IgG-activated neutrophils appears to be ascribed to the inhibition of calcium mobilization, calmodulin and protein kinase C.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.417-424
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• 1996

The present study was done to examine the involvement of protein kinase C and protein tyrosine kinase in intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ mobilization in C5a-stimulated neutrophils. Although protein kinase C inhibitors, staurosporine and H-7 inhibited intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ release in C5a-stimulated neutrophils, they did not affect $Ca^{2+}$ influx across the plasma membrane and elevation of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ C5a-induced intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ release and $Ca^{2+}$ influx were inhibited by protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors, genistein and methyl-2,5-dihydroxycinnamate. ADP-evoked elevation of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ was inhibited by genistein and methyl-2,5-dihydroxycinnamate but was not affectd by staurosporine and H-7. Genistein and methyl-2,5-dihydroxycinnamate reduced the store-regulated $Ca^{2+}$ influx in thapsigargin-treated neutrophils, while the effect of staurosporine and H-7 was not detected. When neutrophils were preincubated wih phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, the stimulatory effect of C5a on the elevation of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ was reduced. These results suggest that protein tyrosine kinase may be involved in control of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ release and $Ca^{2+}$ influx across the plasma membrane in C5a-activated neutrophils.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.103-112
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• 1996

Roles of protein kinase C and protein tyrosine kinase in the activation of neutrophil respiratory burst, degranulation and elevation of cytosolic $Ca^{2+}$ in platelet-activating factor (PAF)-stimulated neutrophils were investigated. Superoxide and $H_2O_2$ production and myeloperoxidase and acid phosphatase release in PAF-stimulated neutrophils were inhibited by protein kinase C inhibitors, staurosporine and H-7 and protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors, genistein and tyrphostin. The PAF-induced elevation of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in neutrophils was inhibited by staurosporine, genistein and methyl-2,5-dihydroxycinnamate. Staurosporine inhibited both intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ release and $Mn^{2+}$ influx in PAF-stimulated neutrophils. Genistein and methyl-2,5-dihydroxycinnamate inhibited $Mn^{2+}$ influx induced by PAF, whereas their effects on intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ release were not detected. In neutrophils preactivated by PMA, the stimulatory effect of PAF on the elevation of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ was reduced. Protein kinase C and protein tyrosine kinase may be involved in respiratory burst, lysosomal enzyme release and $Ca^{2+}$ mobilization in PAF-stimulated neutrophils. The elevation of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ appears to be accomplished by intracullular $Ca^{2+}$ release and $Ca^{2+}$ influx which are differently regulated by protein kinases. Preactivation of protein kinase C appears to attenuate the stimulatory action of PAF on intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ mobilization.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.477-481
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• 2006

A clinical report indicates that 'Geijibokryunghwan(GBH) is very effective in treating thrombosis in those patients who have difficulties with more conventional antithrombotic drugs. The isolation and identification of various compounds from this plant and the same genus have been reported by several groups. However, the pharmaceutical effect of the GBH on superoxide generation in human neutrophils has not been studied. In the present report, we investigated the possibility of using herbal medicine as an alternative therapy. In particular, we studied tremor in antiatheroscleosis. In this report, we shows the GBH extract can be used as a potential atherosclerosis preventive agent in human. The effect of GBH on stimulus-induced superoxide generation and phosphorylation of tyrosine residues of protein in human neutrophils was investigated. In a conclusion, GBH suppressed tyrosine phosphorylase in a dose-dependent manner, and may have pharmacoceutical applications. These data suggest that GBH extracts merits investigation as a potential anti-atherosclerogenic agent in humans.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify levels of anxiety, stress hormone, lymphocytes, and neutrophils of the nursing students before an examination and to examine effects of social support on those variables related to taking examinations. Methods: Thirty eight healthy nursing students participated. They completed the questionnaire including state anxiety, test anxiety (VAS scale) and social support two weeks before the exam and again just before the exam. Simultaneously, a venous sample for ACTH, cortisol, lymphocytes & neutrophils count was drawn by a trained nurse. Descriptive statistics, paired t-test, student t-test, and Pearson's correlation with SPSS/WIN 14.0 were used to analyze the data. Results: Test anxiety scores and cortisol level on the exam day showed a significant increment compared with those on the non-exam day. The participants with higher levels of total social support scores showed significantly lower state anxiety on the exam day than those with lower levels of total social support scores. Conclusion: These data indicate a possible alteration in cortisol responsiveness to academic stress in nursing students. Social support would play an important role in modulation of academic stress.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.206-209
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• 2023

Asthma is a chronic and allergic inflammation in the lung, mainly caused by house dust mites (HDM). Recent studies have reported Der p 38 and Der f 38 (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae, respectively) as crucial allergens of HDMs. This study investigates the different allergic effects of Der p 38 and Der f 38 in an asthma-like mouse model. Lung infiltration of neutrophils was induced by intranasal administration of Der p 38 and Der f 38, with stronger infiltration being observed after exposure to Der p 38. Intranasal and intraperitoneal administration of Der p 38 induced the infiltration of neutrophils and eosinophils in the lung, which was similar to the effect subsequent to Der f 38 administration. Although the number of mast cells was increased, no significant difference was obtained between the effects of both allergens. In TLR4 knockout BALB/c mice, Der p 38 and Der f 38 had no effect on the infiltration of neutrophils, eosinophils, and mast cells. Additionally, allergenicity induced by Der p 38 and Der f 38 in the basophils of Der p38+/Der f 38+ asthmatic subjects was similar, although Der f 38 presented stronger allergenicity in basophils of Der p38+/Der f 38+ allergic patients than Der p 38. These findings contribute to understanding the role of similar allergen components derived from different species in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 1987

NADPH oxidase dependent superoxide generation and phagocytosis in neutrophils stimulated with opsonized zymosan or heat aggregated IgG were coincided with the process of calcium uptake. The responses in activated neutrophils were enhanced with increasing concentrations of extracellular calcium and these effects were significantly inhibited by calcium chelators, EGTA and EDTA. The superoxide generation in activated neutrophils was reduced by dantrolene and chlorpromazine. Calcium antagonists, bepredil, diltiazem, verapamil, nifedipine and nimodipine effectively inhibited the calcium uptake, superoxide generation and phagocytosis in activated neutrophils, and NADPH oxidase activity was also inhibited. The results suggest that calcium antagonists may inhibit the superoxide generation and phagocytosis in activted neurtophils by the inhibition of calcium influx and by the action on intracellular redistribution of calcium and NADPH oxidase system.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.111-116
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• 2014

Human neutrophils play an essential role in the innate immune response and are involved in the pathogenesis of the severe and corticosteroid-resistant asthma. Asthma is characterized by an infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lung and by a cytokine release. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of a bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) on the chemotaxis and apoptosis of neutrophils which were isolated from healthy subjects. The BALF of subjects with asthma induces the blood neutrophil chemotaxis in the opposite of that in normal subjects. The IL-8, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels in BALF were higher in subjects with asthma than in normal subjects. The BALF of normal and asthmatic subjects has no effect on neutrophil apoptosis of BALF. MCP-1 delays the constitutive apoptosis of normal blood neutrophils, but has no effect in normal BALF neutrophils. These results may indicate that inflammatory factors secreted by the lung tissue of patients with asthma trigger the neutrophil chemotaxis and also induce the neutrophil dysregulation.