• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.207-210
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• 2000

The changes of non-cellulosic neutral sugar composition of strawberry during maturation were investigated. Arabinose, xylose, galactose and glucose were the main non-cellulosic neutral sugar of cell wall and increased until ripe stage. The main non-cellulosic neutral sugar of alkali soluble hemicellulose were arabinose, xylose, mammose, galactose. The contents of non-cellulosic neutral sugar of alkali soluble hemicellulose were increased during maturation.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.138-147
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• 2003

We here analyzed and proposed the structures of the N-linked sugar chains of PAS-7 from bovine milk fat globule membrane. The N-linked sugar chains were liberated from PAS-7 by hydrazinolysis and, after modifying the reducing ends with 2-aminopyridine (PA), were separated into one neutral (7N,55%) and two acidic (7M mono-, 43%; 7D, di-, 2%) sugar chain roups. The latter were converted into neutral groups (7MN and 7DN) by sialidase digestion. The structure of each of these PA-neutral sugar chains was determined by sugar analysis, sequential exoglycosidase digestion, partial acetolysis, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The results show that the 10 sugar chains were of the biantennary complex type with and without fucose. The structure of 7N2A one of the major sugar chains, was proposed as; [structure: see text] A structural comparison between PAS-6 and -7 indicated that although they shared the same protein core, their sugar moiety was markedly different, involving the existence of a different pathway during the post-transcriptional modification.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.743-747
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• 1990

Glucose, arabinose and total non-cellulosic neutral sugar contents of alcohol-insoluble substance were increased during maturation of persimmon, but arabinose, galactose and total non-cellulosic neutral sugar contents were decreased in soft persimmon. The main non-cellulosic neutral sugars of cell wall were galactose, arabinose and glucose. Arbinose and galactose contents were decreased during maturity and this tend was remarkable in soft persimmon. Pectic fraction contained $70{\sim}82%$ of uronic acid, and galactose, arabinose and uronic acid of pectic fraction were decreased. The main non-cellulosic neutral sugars of hemicelluloses were glucose, xylose, and galactose. Galactose was decreased during maturation and postharvest, and contents of non-cellulosic neutral sugar were decreased in soft persimmon.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.367-373
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• 2001

Glycoproteins PAS-6(50 kDa) and -7(47 kDa) from the bovine milk fat globule membrane share a common protein core but differ in their carbohydrate moiety. We have analyzed and proposed the structures of the N-linked sugar chains of PAS-7 by Oxford Glyco System(OGS) RAAM2000. The N-linked sugar chains were liberated from PAS-7 by hydrazinolysis and, after modifying the reducing ends with 2-aminobenzamide(2-AB), were separated into one neutral(7N, 55%) and two acidic(7M, mono-, 43%; 7D, di-, 2%) sugar chain groups. 7N was finally separated into 5 chains(a, b, c, d, and e), respectively. The structure of this 2AB-neutral sugar chain was determined by sugar analysis, exoglycosidase digestion with OGS glycosidase Kit and OGS RAAM2000 system. The results show that fraction e was the same of reported 7N1A, the biantennary complex type with a fucose on reducing end and two N-acetyllactosamine branch on non-reducing end. Therefore, it was proved that OGS RAAM2000 method is in conformity with conventional analysis of sugar chain structure from bovine PAS-7.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1041-1046
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the changes and composition of the non-cellulosic neutral sugars in cell wall of soybean sprouts during growth. The composition of non-cellulosic neutral sugars in cell of soybean sprouts was rhamnose, fucose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, galactose and glucose. The galactose content of cell wall was higher than other non-cellulosic neutral sugars, and was remarkably decreased during growth. The major non-cellulosic sugars of pectic substances were rhamnose, arabinose, and galactose. The arabinose content of pectic substance was increased in cotyledon and hypocotyl during growth. The contents of non-cellulosic neutral sugars were decreased in hypocotyl during growth. The galactose content of pectic substance was higher in cotyledon than those in hypocotyl, and was increased in cotyledon. The content of rhamnose was higher in ionically associated pectic substance than that in covalently bounded pectic substance. The major non-cellulosic neutral sugars of hemicellulose were glucose, rhamnose, arabinose and galactose. The galactose of hemicellulose was decreased remarkably during growth.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.61-70
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics in obesity classification group of college students having health checkup by analyzing their BMI and blood test and determine the association between factors contributing to obesity and obesity according to BMI. Methods A group of 2992 test subjects took their medical examination and their body composition, height, weight, blood pressure were measured and blood test was done. With these results we diagnosed obesity, and analysed relationship between obesity and cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL (low density lipoprotein)-cholesterol, HDL (high density lipoprotein)-cholesterol, liver function, renal function and blood pressure. Results 1. Overweight individuals showed high total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, GOT (glutamic oxalacetic transaminase), GPT (glutamic pyruvate transaminase), Urea-nitrogen, Creatinine and low HDL-cholesterol. 2. BMI showed a significant association with other factors. BMI has a negative correlation with sex and HDL-cholesterol. BMI had positive correlations with other factors. 3. There was no relation between BMI and sex. Those six factors, liver function, cholesterol, blood pressure, kidney function, neutral fat, and blood sugar were related to BMI. Conclusions There was a significant relation between college students' BMI and their liver function, cholesterol, blood pressure, kidney function, neutral fat, and blood sugar. The diseases related to liver function, cholesterol, blood pressure, kidney function, neutral fat, and blood sugar were clearly associated with obesity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.834-839
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate changes in cell wall components and solubilization and depolymerization of pectin and neutral sugar polymers during softening of 'Tsugaru' apples. Pectic polysaccharides were solubilized in different solvents, distilled-water, 0.05 M CDTA, 0.05 M $Na_2CO_3$, and 8 M KOH, from cell wall materials during fruit softening. The uronic acid contents in distilled-water fraction rapidly increased along with fruit softening at 4 weeks after ambient storage. In the change of non-cellulosic neutral sugars in the cell wall of ‘Tsugaru’ fruits, the major sugar was galactose and arabinose in distilled-water, 0.05 M CDTA and 0.05 M $Na_2CO_3$ soluble fractions, and it was glucose, galactose and xylose in 8 M KOH fraction. Especially the change of galactose contents in distilled-water fraction was increased greatly along with fruit softening. When uronic acid polymers (UAP) and carbohydrate polymers (CP) in distilled-water fraction were filtered and separated using Sepharose CL-2B column, the high molecular UAP and CP were degraded to the low molecular ones from at harvest to softening fruit. Thus, the amount of high molecular polymers were greatly decreased along with fruit softening.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.173-183
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• 1995

This paper was carried out to investigate changes in chromatograms of polysacctatides and soluble pectins on Sephadex G-50 and non-cellulosic neutral sugars of polysaccharides isolated from cell wall of persimmon fruits treated with polygalacturonase and $\beta$-galactosidase in vitro. The chromatogram pattern of soluble pectins extracted from cell wall treated with $\beta$-galactosidase on Sephacryl S-500 column were similar to those of untreatment, but contents of soluble pectins treated with $\beta$-galactosidase were different from those of untreatment. The patterns of chromatograms In soluble pectins extracted from cell wall treated with polygalacturonase were more complex and lower molecular polymer than those of other cell wall-degrading enzyme treatments. Non-cellulosic neutral sugar of polysaccharides in fraction I of soluble material treated with polygalacturonase was rhamnose, those in fraction II were similar to those in fraction III and contents of arabinose, xylose and glucose were higher than contents of other non-cellulosic neutral sugars. Non-cellulosic neutral sugars of polysaccharides in fraction I in soluble material by $\beta$-galactosidase treatment were rhamnose, arabinose, galactose and mannose. Content of glucose of polysaccharides in fraction II was higher than that in fraction I . Non-cellulosic neutral sugars treated with mixed enzyme were rhamnose, fucose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose. Compositions of non-cellulosic neutral sugars of polysaccharides in fraction I were similar to those in fraction II and III.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.555-558
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• 2006

The chemical reduction of Pseudomonas syringae subsp. phaseolicola alginates produces neutral polymers of D-mannose and L-gulose in source specific ratios. L-Gulose was highly sensitive to degradation by 1N HCl at $100^{\circ}C$. As hydrolysis time increased, gulose recovery decreased to 22% after 4 hr, whereas 98% of the D-mannose was recovered under the same conditions. Thin layer chromatography showed the formation of a second product upon L-gulose acid hydrolysis. This new product had a rate of flow (Rf) value of 0.58, identical to that of 1,6 anhydro-${\beta}$-D-mannopyranose and very close to that of 1,6 anhydro-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranose (Rf=0.60). Because of the difference in acid sensitivity between L-gulose and D-mannose, normal acid hydrolytic techniques applied to reduced alginates produces erroneous mannuronic acid (M): guluronic acid (G) ratio's unless one accounts for the differential rates of destruction of each sugar.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.323-329
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• 2009

The prescriptions (DB-1-DB-5) were prepared with the active herbal medicines, Acanthopanax senticosus, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Polygonatum odoratum, and Cichorium intybus. The most active crude polysaccharide fraction (DB-2-3), which was isolated through the fractionation of hot-water extract from DB-2, was significantly reduced by periodate oxidation (52.7 and 63.7%) on intestinal immune system modulating and anticancer activity. When DB-2-3 was further fractionated by column chromatographies, DB-2-3IIc-2 showed the most potent activities. In addition, DB-2-3IIc stimulated the proliferation of bone marrow cells via Peyer's patch in dose-dependent pattern by oral administration. The metastasis of colon 26-M3.1 lung carcinoma had significantly inhibited in mice fed DB-2-3IIc at 1 mg/mouse (43.8%). DB-2-3IIc-2 mainly contained uronic acid (46.1%) and 42.5% of neutral sugar with a small amount of protein (7.6%), and component sugar analysis also showed that DB-2-3IIc-2 was composed Ara, Gal, and GalA (molar ratio; 0.50:0.63:1.00). It may be suggested that activities of DB-2-3IIc-2 are resulted from pectic polysaccharides containing a polygalacturonan moiety with side chain of neutral sugars, such as Ara and Gal.