• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.488-492
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• 1988

멸치추출액의 제조과정중 멸치를 0.3N NaOH용액으로 마쇄하여 1,3,5시간 동안 알칼리 처리한 뒤 알칼리와 중성 단백질 분해효소로 4시간 가수분해하면서 얻어진 멸치마쇄액의 물성을 측정하였다. 멸치추출액의 물리적 품질로서 점도, 색, 총산도. 및 상등액의 양을 측정하여 비교하였다. 그 결과 효소처리한 멸치 마쇄액의 상등액량을 전체무게에 대하여 89%로서 70%인 비교구보다 약 20%증가되는 결과를 보여 주었으며, 상대점도는 효소처리 시간이 경과함에 따라 약간 감소하는 경향이었다. 총산도는 반응초기에 현저히 증가하였다가 그 후 완만하여 졌으며 Hunter값으로 표시된 색의 변화는 ‘L’값이 점점 감소하여 어두워졌으며 이러한 현상은 알칼리처리를 많이한 시료일수록 더욱 현저하였다. 한편 ‘a’값의 변화는 효소를 반응시키는 동안 일정한 변화경향은 없었으나 엷은 붉은색 범위를 보여 주었고 'b'값은 효소처리에 의하여 감소하는 경향이 뚜렷하였다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2004

When ginseng water extract was incubated at $60^{\circ}C$ in acidic conditions, its protopanaxadiol ginsenosides were transformed to ginsenoside $Rg_3$ and ${\Delta}^{20}$-ginsenoside $Rg_3$. However, protopanaxadiol glycoside ginsenosides $Rb_1, Rb_2$ and Rc isolated from ginseng were mostly not transformed to ginsenoside $Rg_3$ by the incubation in neutral condition. The transformation of these ginsenosides to ginsenoside $Rg_3$ and ${\Delta}^{20}$-ginsenoside $Rg_3$ was increased by increasing incubation temperature and time in acidic condition: the optimal incubation time and temperature for this transformation was 5 h and $60^{\circ}C$ resepectively. The transformed ginsenoside $Rg_3$ and ${\Delta}^{20}$-ginsenoside $Rg_3$ were metabolized to ginsenoside $Rh_2$ and $\Delta^{20}$--ginsenoside $Rh_2$, respectively, by human fecal microflora. Among the bacteria isolated from human fecal microflora, Bacteroides sp., and Bifidobacterium sp. and Fusobacterium sp. potently transformed ginsenoside $Rg_3$ to ginsenoside $Rh_2$. Acid-treated ginseng (AG) extract, fermented AG extract, ginsenoside $Rh_2$ and protopanaxadiol showed potent cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines. AG extract, fermented AG extract and protopanaxadiol potently inhibited the growth of Helicobacter pylori.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2010

Objectives : The present study purposed to compare the effects of Melandrii Herba and Vaccariae Semen, which are used as Wang-Bul-Yu-Haeng(王不留行) with vasodilatory effect in Korea and China, respectively, on hyperlipidemia. Methods : We applied the water extract of Melandrii Herba and Vaccariae Semen to rats with hyperlipidemia induced by high-cholesterol diet and high-fructose diet and evaluated their effects. Results : While Vaccariae Semen had significant effect on the reduction of the levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, and the activation of ALT, the application of Melandrii Herba had no significant effect on the levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, neutral fat, and free fatty acid, and the activation of AST. For the rats with hypertriglyceridemia, Vaccariae Semen reduced the levels of neutral fat and total cholesterol, but did not significantly reduce the level of free fatty acid and the activation of AST and ALT. The application of Melandrii Herba did not have any significant effect on the levels of neutral fat, total cholesterol, and free fatty acid, and the activation of AST and ALT, but it increased the level of HDL cholesterol. Conclusion : Vaccariae Semen showed a possibility as a remedy for hyperlipidemia, but Melandrii Herba did not show any significant effect. Thus, based on such a difference in remedial effect between Melandrii Herba and Vaccariae Semen, they need to be distinguished in clinical application.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.263-269
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• 2002

This research was conducted to establish the efficient use of the colored rice bran fur dyeing textiles. To investigate the fabric dyeability of the colored rice bran extract, the anthocyanin pigments were extracted with water of different temperature ranges of 40 ~ 8$0^{\circ}C$ and were dyed on silk fabrics with different dyeing temperature $25^{\circ}C$~6$0^{\circ}C$, at acidic pH and neutral pH, respectively. Aluminum chloride was preheated with mordant K/S value and dyeing fastness of dyed silk fabrics were examined. The anthocyanins of the colored rice bran were stable and red color at acidic pH, red purple or purple blue at neutral pH, but unstable, blue color at alkaline pH. If extracting temperature and dyeing temperature of dyeing solution were higher, the dyeability was high, but the color of dyed fabric showed red tone. When extracting temperature was 8$0^{\circ}C$ and dyeing temperature of dyeing solution was 6$0^{\circ}C$, the dyeability was best. Without mordant, the dyeability of silk fabrics was higher in acidic pH than in neutral pH solution. With mordant, the dyeability was higher than without mordant, and also higher in acidic pH. Pretreatment of aluminum chloride resulted in the increase of color intensity and stability. The laundering fastness of dyed fabrics was good from grade 5 to grade 3-4. Because of the anthocyanins sensitivity on light radiation, the light fastness of dyed fabrics was poor from grade 3 to grade 1-2.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.262-268
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• 2001

국내에서 농업용으로 시판되고 있는 목초액을 dichloromethane으로 추출한 다음 추출물의 성분조성을 조사하였다. 삼나무 [Cryptomeria japonica(L. fil.) D. Don]와 참나무류(Quercus)를 원료로 하여 제조된 목초액의 추출물의 수율은 각각 5.8%와 1.8%이었다. 각각의 추출물은 산 및 알칼리 처리에 의해 산성 분획, 페놀성 분획, 중성 분획 및 염기성 분획으로 구분한 다음 GC 및 GC-MS를 사용하여 각 분획의 구성성분을 분석하였다. 산성 분획 에서는 26종의 성분을 동정하였고, 2종의 시료에서 공통적으로 acetic acid, propionic acid 및 n-butyric acid가 주요 구성성분이었다. 페놀성 분획에서는 32종의 페놀화합물을 동정하였고, 2종의 시료에서 공통적인 주요 구성 성분은 guaiacol, 4-methylguaiacol, phenol, p-cresol, m-cresol 등이었다. 또한 참나무로 제조한 목초액의 페놀성분획에서는 syringol과 4-methylsyringol의 함유비율이 각각 8.89%, 1.72%이었으나 삼나무로 제조한 목초액에서는 두 성분의 함유비율이 각각 1.12%, 0.07%이었고, 삼나무로 제조한 목초액의 페놀성 분획에서는 vanillin(3.31%), acetovanillone(3.11) 및 GC-MS에 의해 잠정적으로 확인된 ethylvanillyl ether(7.75%)의 함유 비율이 높은 편이었으나 참나무 목초액에서 이 성분들의 함유비율은 0.1% 이하이었다. 중성 분획에서 동정된 45종의 성분 중에서 2-furfural, 5-methyl-2-furfural, 3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one, 2-methyl-1-cyclopenten-1-one 등이 주요 구성성분이었고, 이외에도 furan, furfural 및 cyclopentenone 유도체들이 많이 검출되었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1126-1135
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• 2019

세포 외로 단백질분해효소를 생산하는 효모 균주 CO-1을 대나무 부산물에서 분리하였다. CO-1은 원형 또는 타원형($3.1-4.0{\times}3.8-4.4{\mu}m$)으로, 생장을 위한 최적 온도는 $30^{\circ}C$, 초기 pH는 4.0이었다. 그리고 최대 15.0% (w/v)의 NaCl과 9.0%(v/v)의 ethanol 농도에서 생장하였다. 형태적, 생리 생화학적 특성 및 18S rRNA 유전자 염기서열을 통한 계통분석을 이용하여 동정을 실시한 결과 Pichia anomala로 판명되었다. P. anomala CO-1 단백질분해효소를 부분 정제한 결과 수율은 7.2％였으며, 정제 전에 비해 약 14.6배 정제되었다. Zymogram으로 측정한 효소의 분자량은 약 30 kDa으로 확인되었다. 본 균주는 배지 중에 탄소원과 질소원, 무기염으로 1.0%(w/v) CMC와 1.0%(w/v) yeast extract, 0.3%(w/v) $MnSO_4$를 사용하였을 경우 가장 높은 단백질분해효소 활성을 나타내었다. P. anomala CO-1이 생산하는 단백질분해효소의 최적 활성 pH와 온도는 각각 7.0과 $30^{\circ}C$였다. 또한 본 효소는 pH 4.0-10.0에서 75%의 안정성을 나타내었으며, $65^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 가열하여도 60％ 전후의 활성을 유지하였다. 균주의 효소 생산은 생육과 비례하였으며 대수증식기 후반에 최대의 효소 생산을 나타내었다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.939-949
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• 2008

Objective : This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Jisildochehwan extract on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesions of mice. as compared with misoprostol. Methods : Experimental mice were classified into four groups. No gastro-inflammation elicited mice were the normal group(NOR). Gastro-inflammation elicited mice were the control group (CON). Misoprostol-administered mice after gastro-inflammation elicitation were the misoprostol-administered group (MA). Jisildochehwan-administered mice after gastro-inflammation elicitation were the Jisildochehwan-administered group(JA). In this study, we examined superoxide dismutase(SOD) ability, anti-inflammatory ability arrangement of mucous-secreted cells. distribution of mucosal neck cells, mucosal surface cells. neutral mucous-secreted cells. PAS reaction. COX-1, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 and iNOS. Results : The SOD ability of the Jisildochehwan group increased dose-dependently. The hemorrhagic erosion and the damage of arrangement of mucous-secreted cells increased in the CON group. but decreased in the MA and JA groups. The COX-1 positive were decreased in the CON group, but increased in the MA and JA groups. The distribution of mucosal neck cells and mucosal surface cells. PAS positive reaction of surface mucous cells were decreased in CON group, but increased in MA and JA group. $TNF-{\alpha}$, $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 and iNOS increased in the CON group, but decreased in the MA and JA groups. In all the results, the effects were better in the JA group than in the MA group. Conclusion : Jisildochehwan extract was more effective than Misoprostol. Jisildochehwan has excellent protective effects on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesions.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.320-331
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• 2013

Omija, the major material of omigalsu, has liver protective and antioxidant effects, while mung bean has detoxification effects. A series of studies were conducted to standardize the traditional recipe for omigalsu to develop traditional functional drinks made from Omija extract and mung bean juice. Study 1 was designed to determine the optimal conditions for Omija extraction and mung bean juice. A higher water temperature and longer immersion time was associated with higher, free sugar and organic acid contents of omija extract; however, sensory evaluation revealed that the optimal extraction conditions for the highest acceptability, proper taste and red tone were $23^{\circ}C$ and 18 hrs of immersion. Conversely, the pH of the mung bean juice produced by varying the immersion time (5 hr, 11 hr, 17 hr) was found to be neutral, containing small levels of organic acid and free sugar, and showing a yellow tone. The results of the sensory evaluation also showed that the optimal conditions for taste, flavor and yellowness of mung bean juice was 5-hour-long immersion. Study 2 was designed to determine the optimum mixing ratio of omigalsu concentrate. Sensory evaluation revealed that the contents of sugar and total free sugar were highest when the mixing ratio among omija extract, mung bean juice and sugar was 1:1:20%, indicating that these conditions produced the most attractive color and highest overall acceptability. Study 3 was designed to determine the optimum dilution magnification for omigalsu. Sensory evaluation during summer revealed that the omigalsu produced by mixing 54 g of omigalsu concentrate into 200 cc water of $4^{\circ}C$ or $80^{\circ}C$ was most preferred, while during winter. Overall, the optimum dilution magnification for omigalsu was 4.7~5.4.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.343-347
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• 2002

In order to darify the neuroprotective effect of Gamibojungikki-tang(GBJIKT) water extract on cultured mouse spinal sensory neuron damaged by glucose Oxidase (GO), NR (Neutral Red) assay and LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase) activity assay were carried out after the cultured mouse spinal sensory neuron were preincubated with various concentrations of GBJIKT water extract for 3 hours prior to exposure of GO. Cell viability of cultured mouse spinal sensory neurons exposed to various concentrations of GO for 8 hours was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. NR/sub 50/ values were 50 mU/ml GO. Cultured mouse spinal sensory neurons in the medium containing various concentration of GO for 8 hours showed increasing of LDH activity. We knew that GO was toxic on cultured spinal sensory neurons. Pretreatment of GBJIKT water extract for 3 hours following GO prevented the GO-induced neurotoxicity such as increasing of LDH activity. These results suggest that GO shows toxic effect on cultured spinal sensory neurons and GBJIKT water extract is highly effective in proecting the neurotoxicity induced by GO.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.106-112
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• 2002

췌장에서 분비되는 콜레스테롤 에스터레이즈(pCEase)와 소장의 acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT)는 흡수된 콜레스테롤을 다시 ester화하는데 관여한다. 한방재료 중 순환촉진작용 및 건위작용 등을 가지는 계피(Cinnamomi cortex)의 에탄올 추출물이 in vitro에서 pCEase 활성에 대하여 강한 저해작용을 보였으며 에탄올 추출물의 용매분획 중 클로로포름분획이 다른 분획들, 즉 에틸 아세테이트분획, 부탄올분획 및 물 분획보다 저해활성이 강하였다. 계피의 클로로포름분획이 고콜레스테롤식 이를 섭취시킨 rat에서 혈중 콜레스테롤치를 저하시키는 효과가 있는지 측정한 실험에서 클로로포름분획을 150 mg/kg 섭취시켰을 경우 고콜레스테롤식이만은 투여한 대조군에 비하여 총cholesterol 함량이 25.1% 감소하였으며, HDL-cholesterol 함량도 33.4$\pm$1.82 g/dl로 정상군 수준으로 회복되었고 동맥경화지수 역시 현저하게 감소된 것으로 나타났다. 콜레스테롤 생합성에 관여하는 효소인 HMG-CoA reductase 활성을 측정한 결과, 고콜레스테롤 식이에 의해 감소되었던 활성이 계피 클로로포름분획의 투여량을 증가시킬수록 증가하였으나 150 mg/kg 투여군 에서도 정상군에 비하여 유의적인 감소를 보였다. 또한 계피 클로로포름분획의 독성검사 결과, mouse에서 LD$_{50}$ 은 1,300 mg/kg으로 산출되었다.