• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.488-492
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• 1988

The physicochemical properties of viscosity, color, acidity and volume of anchovy extract were measured for their changes during extraction with alkali solution and/or proteolytic enzymes. The dried anchovies were ground in 0.3N NaOH solution followed by hydrolysis with neutral or alkaline protease and centrifuged to obtain anchovy extract. The results showed that the volume of supernatant after centrifugation increased from 70% of water only extraction to 89% by combined alkali-enzyme treatment. Titratable acidity of the extract showed a tendency of a little increase while viscosiy decreased with prolonged enzymic hydrolysis. Changes in Hunter value of 'L', 'a', 'b' showed that the extract became darker and less yellowish as protease treatment prolonged.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2004

When ginseng water extract was incubated at $60^{\circ}C$ in acidic conditions, its protopanaxadiol ginsenosides were transformed to ginsenoside $Rg_3$ and ${\Delta}^{20}$-ginsenoside $Rg_3$. However, protopanaxadiol glycoside ginsenosides $Rb_1, Rb_2$ and Rc isolated from ginseng were mostly not transformed to ginsenoside $Rg_3$ by the incubation in neutral condition. The transformation of these ginsenosides to ginsenoside $Rg_3$ and ${\Delta}^{20}$-ginsenoside $Rg_3$ was increased by increasing incubation temperature and time in acidic condition: the optimal incubation time and temperature for this transformation was 5 h and $60^{\circ}C$ resepectively. The transformed ginsenoside $Rg_3$ and ${\Delta}^{20}$-ginsenoside $Rg_3$ were metabolized to ginsenoside $Rh_2$ and $\Delta^{20}$--ginsenoside $Rh_2$, respectively, by human fecal microflora. Among the bacteria isolated from human fecal microflora, Bacteroides sp., and Bifidobacterium sp. and Fusobacterium sp. potently transformed ginsenoside $Rg_3$ to ginsenoside $Rh_2$. Acid-treated ginseng (AG) extract, fermented AG extract, ginsenoside $Rh_2$ and protopanaxadiol showed potent cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines. AG extract, fermented AG extract and protopanaxadiol potently inhibited the growth of Helicobacter pylori.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.81-90
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• 2010

Objectives : The present study purposed to compare the effects of Melandrii Herba and Vaccariae Semen, which are used as Wang-Bul-Yu-Haeng(王不留行) with vasodilatory effect in Korea and China, respectively, on hyperlipidemia. Methods : We applied the water extract of Melandrii Herba and Vaccariae Semen to rats with hyperlipidemia induced by high-cholesterol diet and high-fructose diet and evaluated their effects. Results : While Vaccariae Semen had significant effect on the reduction of the levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, and the activation of ALT, the application of Melandrii Herba had no significant effect on the levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, neutral fat, and free fatty acid, and the activation of AST. For the rats with hypertriglyceridemia, Vaccariae Semen reduced the levels of neutral fat and total cholesterol, but did not significantly reduce the level of free fatty acid and the activation of AST and ALT. The application of Melandrii Herba did not have any significant effect on the levels of neutral fat, total cholesterol, and free fatty acid, and the activation of AST and ALT, but it increased the level of HDL cholesterol. Conclusion : Vaccariae Semen showed a possibility as a remedy for hyperlipidemia, but Melandrii Herba did not show any significant effect. Thus, based on such a difference in remedial effect between Melandrii Herba and Vaccariae Semen, they need to be distinguished in clinical application.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.263-269
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• 2002

This research was conducted to establish the efficient use of the colored rice bran fur dyeing textiles. To investigate the fabric dyeability of the colored rice bran extract, the anthocyanin pigments were extracted with water of different temperature ranges of 40 ~ 8$0^{\circ}C$ and were dyed on silk fabrics with different dyeing temperature $25^{\circ}C$~6$0^{\circ}C$, at acidic pH and neutral pH, respectively. Aluminum chloride was preheated with mordant K/S value and dyeing fastness of dyed silk fabrics were examined. The anthocyanins of the colored rice bran were stable and red color at acidic pH, red purple or purple blue at neutral pH, but unstable, blue color at alkaline pH. If extracting temperature and dyeing temperature of dyeing solution were higher, the dyeability was high, but the color of dyed fabric showed red tone. When extracting temperature was 8$0^{\circ}C$ and dyeing temperature of dyeing solution was 6$0^{\circ}C$, the dyeability was best. Without mordant, the dyeability of silk fabrics was higher in acidic pH than in neutral pH solution. With mordant, the dyeability was higher than without mordant, and also higher in acidic pH. Pretreatment of aluminum chloride resulted in the increase of color intensity and stability. The laundering fastness of dyed fabrics was good from grade 5 to grade 3-4. Because of the anthocyanins sensitivity on light radiation, the light fastness of dyed fabrics was poor from grade 3 to grade 1-2.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.262-268
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• 2001

Two commercial wood vinegar liquors prepared from Cryptomeria japonica and Quercus sp., which are used as a mineral fertilizer in Korea, were extracted using dichloromethane as a solvent, respectively. The extracts were separated into acidic, phenolic, neutral and basic fraction by acid or alkali treatment, and the compositions of each fraction were analyzed by means of GC and GC-MS. A total of 103 compounds including 26 acids, 32 phenols and 45 neutral compounds were identified. The major components were acetic, propionic and n-butyric acid, representing of $41{\sim}58%$ of the acidic fraction, guaiacol, 4-methylguaiacol and phenol, repersenting of $53.2{\sim}63.9%$ of the phenolic fraction, and furfural, 3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-2-one, 2,3-dimethyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one and 5-methyl-2-furfural in the neutral fraction. In addition to these compounds, phenolic fraction in dichloromathane extract from wood vinegar liquor of C. japonica included large amounts of vanillin, acetovanillone and tentatively identified ethylvanillyl ether while that of Quercus sp. included some amounts of syringol and 4-methylsyringol.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1126-1135
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• 2019

From a sample of bamboo byproduct, the protease-producing yeast strain CO-1 was newly isolated. Strain CO-1 is spherical to ovoid in shape and measures $3.1-4.0{\times}3.8-4.4{\mu}m$. For the growth of strain CO-1, the optimal temperature and initial pH were $30^{\circ}C$ and 4.0, respectively. The strain was able to grow in 0.0-15.0%(w/v) NaCl and 0.0-9.0%(v/v) ethanol. Based on a phylogenetic analysis of its 18S rDNA sequences, strain CO-1 was identified as Pichia anomala. The extracellular protease produced by P. anomala CO-1 was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, which resulted in a 14.6-fold purification and a yield of 7.2%. The molecular mass of the protease was recorded as approximately 30 kDa via zymogram. The protease activity reached its maximum when 1.0%(w/v) CMC was used as the carbon source, 1.0%(w/v) yeast extract was used as the nitrogen source, and 0.3%(w/v) $MnSO_4$ was used as the mineral source. The protease revealed the highest activity at pH 7.0 and $30^{\circ}C$. This enzyme maintained more than 75% of its stability at a pH range of 4.0-10.0. After heating at $65^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr, the neutral protease registered at 60% of its original activity. The protease production coincided with growth and attained a maximal level during the post-exponential phase.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.939-949
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• 2008

Objective : This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Jisildochehwan extract on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesions of mice. as compared with misoprostol. Methods : Experimental mice were classified into four groups. No gastro-inflammation elicited mice were the normal group(NOR). Gastro-inflammation elicited mice were the control group (CON). Misoprostol-administered mice after gastro-inflammation elicitation were the misoprostol-administered group (MA). Jisildochehwan-administered mice after gastro-inflammation elicitation were the Jisildochehwan-administered group(JA). In this study, we examined superoxide dismutase(SOD) ability, anti-inflammatory ability arrangement of mucous-secreted cells. distribution of mucosal neck cells, mucosal surface cells. neutral mucous-secreted cells. PAS reaction. COX-1, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 and iNOS. Results : The SOD ability of the Jisildochehwan group increased dose-dependently. The hemorrhagic erosion and the damage of arrangement of mucous-secreted cells increased in the CON group. but decreased in the MA and JA groups. The COX-1 positive were decreased in the CON group, but increased in the MA and JA groups. The distribution of mucosal neck cells and mucosal surface cells. PAS positive reaction of surface mucous cells were decreased in CON group, but increased in MA and JA group. $TNF-{\alpha}$, $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 and iNOS increased in the CON group, but decreased in the MA and JA groups. In all the results, the effects were better in the JA group than in the MA group. Conclusion : Jisildochehwan extract was more effective than Misoprostol. Jisildochehwan has excellent protective effects on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesions.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.320-331
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• 2013

Omija, the major material of omigalsu, has liver protective and antioxidant effects, while mung bean has detoxification effects. A series of studies were conducted to standardize the traditional recipe for omigalsu to develop traditional functional drinks made from Omija extract and mung bean juice. Study 1 was designed to determine the optimal conditions for Omija extraction and mung bean juice. A higher water temperature and longer immersion time was associated with higher, free sugar and organic acid contents of omija extract; however, sensory evaluation revealed that the optimal extraction conditions for the highest acceptability, proper taste and red tone were $23^{\circ}C$ and 18 hrs of immersion. Conversely, the pH of the mung bean juice produced by varying the immersion time (5 hr, 11 hr, 17 hr) was found to be neutral, containing small levels of organic acid and free sugar, and showing a yellow tone. The results of the sensory evaluation also showed that the optimal conditions for taste, flavor and yellowness of mung bean juice was 5-hour-long immersion. Study 2 was designed to determine the optimum mixing ratio of omigalsu concentrate. Sensory evaluation revealed that the contents of sugar and total free sugar were highest when the mixing ratio among omija extract, mung bean juice and sugar was 1:1:20%, indicating that these conditions produced the most attractive color and highest overall acceptability. Study 3 was designed to determine the optimum dilution magnification for omigalsu. Sensory evaluation during summer revealed that the omigalsu produced by mixing 54 g of omigalsu concentrate into 200 cc water of $4^{\circ}C$ or $80^{\circ}C$ was most preferred, while during winter. Overall, the optimum dilution magnification for omigalsu was 4.7~5.4.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.343-347
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• 2002

In order to darify the neuroprotective effect of Gamibojungikki-tang(GBJIKT) water extract on cultured mouse spinal sensory neuron damaged by glucose Oxidase (GO), NR (Neutral Red) assay and LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase) activity assay were carried out after the cultured mouse spinal sensory neuron were preincubated with various concentrations of GBJIKT water extract for 3 hours prior to exposure of GO. Cell viability of cultured mouse spinal sensory neurons exposed to various concentrations of GO for 8 hours was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. NR/sub 50/ values were 50 mU/ml GO. Cultured mouse spinal sensory neurons in the medium containing various concentration of GO for 8 hours showed increasing of LDH activity. We knew that GO was toxic on cultured spinal sensory neurons. Pretreatment of GBJIKT water extract for 3 hours following GO prevented the GO-induced neurotoxicity such as increasing of LDH activity. These results suggest that GO shows toxic effect on cultured spinal sensory neurons and GBJIKT water extract is highly effective in proecting the neurotoxicity induced by GO.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.106-112
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• 2002

Ethanol extract of Cinnamomi cortex inhibited potently cholesterol esterase activity in vitro. Chloroform fraction of ethanol extract showed the stronger inhibitory effect than other solvent fractions - ethylacetate fraction, butanol fraction, and aqueous fraction. The chloroform fraction of Cinnamomi cortex was studied as a candidator of plasma cholesterol-lowering material using high cholesterol-fed rats. In high cholesterol-fed rats, the diet with chloroform fraction of 150 mg/kg lowered not only plasma neutral lipids contents 25.1% but also plasma total cholesterol level 49.6% than only high cholesterol diet. Plasma HDL-cholesterol level in Cinnamomi cortex chloroform fraction-fed rats was recovered as those level of normal rats. LD$_{50}$ of Cinnamomi chloroform extract was calculated as 1,300 mg/kg.