• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 1994

성인기 우울증의 생물학적인 연구는 25년 이상의 역사를 가지고 있으나, 소아 또는 청소년기 우울증에 있어서의 생물학적인 연구는 아직 초보 단계이다. 그러나 현재까지 연구된 바에 의하면, 결론을 내리기는 시기 상조이나, 소아 또는 청소년기의 우울증에 있어서도 생물학적인 이상소견이 원인의 일부로 작용할 가능성은 크다고 할 수 있다. 이러한 생물학적 소견은 연령이나 사춘기의 변화가 소아 또는 청년기의 우울증의 생물학적인 이상 소견과 관계가 있을 가능성이 크다. 성인기내에서도 나이에 따라서 생물학적인 이상 소견이 다르게 나타날 수 있기 때문에 성인의 연령도 구분하여야 할 필요성이 강조된다. 따라서 성인기에서의 연구가 소아 또는 청소년기의 생물학적인 소견을 이해하는데 있어서 도움이 되기는 하지만, 소아 또는 청소년기의 생물학적인 소견을 해석할 때에는 반드시 성장, 발달, 연령 및 사춘기의 변화를 고려하여야 한다. 이러한 소견을 이해하는데 있어서는 정상 아동에 있어서의 신경전달물질계 및 수용체의 개체발생적인 과정이 반드시 밝혀져야 한다. 발달학적인 측면에서의 신경생물학적인 연구, 이와 행동상의 특징과의 상호관계가 규명되어야 하며, 이에는 동물실험 모델의 개발이 필수적이다. 왜냐 하면, 윤리적인 문제로 아동들을 연구하는데 있어서 많은 제한점이 있기 때문이다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.236-266
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• 2016

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood psychiatric conditions. In 2007, the Korean Academy of child and Adolescent Psychiatry developed Korean ADHD practice parameter. Advances in the scientific evidence of ADHD caused practice parameter to be modified and updated. The present guidelines developed by ADHD translational research center summarize current literature for the treatment of ADHD in children and adults. This parameter includes the clinical evaluation for ADHD, comorbid conditions associated with ADHD, clinical feature and course, research on the etiology of the disorder, and psychopharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for ADHD.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.86-92
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• 2006

Background: Germanium compounds are increased to use in nutrient foods and medicines in terms of antibiotics to microbes, anticancer, modulation of immune system and neutralizing heavy metal toxins. Geranti Bio-Ge Yeast, containing stable organic germanium and bound to the yeast protein was developed by Geranti Pharm. LTD. and the modulation effect in the immune system was examined in vivo and in vitro. Methods: The compound, Geranti Bio-Ge Yeast, was fed to female Balb/c mice (each group has 10 mice) for 4 weeks and the yeast powder and steamed red ginseng powder were used as control during the same feeding time points. During 4 weeks there was no symptom to be considered, and after 4 weeks feeding all mice were sacrificed to check the changes of related immune cells and subsidiary responses (i.e. cell counting, FACS, MTT, LDH, PFC assay). Results: In pre-post comparison, B cell population was increased in the group of Geranti Bio-Ge Yeast in a dose dependent manner (100 to 800 mg/kg). However, the population of T cell, dendritic cell and macrophage was not comparably changed in all doses. The ability of cytokine production and proliferation was almost same level as shown in control group. In contrast, PFC assay informed that the compound increase the antibody production ability when fed over 200 mg/kg implying that the increase of PFC number might be due to the increase of B cells. Conclusion: Over the entire study, we concluded that the compound, Geranti Bio-Ge Yeast has better potential in immune response in terms of B cell proliferation than that of positive control, red ginseng, and the compound can be one of the future candidates for a new supplementary source improving immune system activity.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2020

Background: This study aimed to investigate the clinical effectiveness of treatment of Korean medicine on superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesions. Methods: A total of 55 inpatients diagnosed with SLAP lesions by magnetic resonance imaging, were investigated from May 1^st, 2014 to May 31^st, 2019 at Haeundae Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine. The patients were sorted by gender, age, causing factor, illness duration, period of hospitalization, SLAP lesion type, complications, and treatments. Treatments included acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, Chuna therapy, herbal treatment, and physiotherapy. After treatment, the Numeric Rating Scale, Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, and European Quality of Life 5-Dimension questionnaire were used to evaluate treatment effect. Results: There were more males than females in this study (1:0.83). Patients were more likely to be in their 50s (38.18%), have an unknown etiology (70.91%), and be in the subacute disease stage (41.82%). According to the SLAP lesion type, most of the inpatients had Type 2 lesions (69.09%). For inpatients diagnosed with SLAP lesions, the mean shoulder numeric rating scale score decreased from 5.55 ± 0.90, to 4.07 ± 1.18 (p < 0.001), the mean Shoulder Pain and Disability Index score decreased from 50.35 ± 18.36, to 39.90 ± 19.34 (p < 0.001), and the mean European quality of life 5-dimension index increased from 0.70 ± 0.16, to 0.75 ± 0.13 (p < 0.01) after treatment. Conclusion: Treatment of Korean medicine effectively decreased pain and increased the quality of life of the patients with SLAP lesions in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.291-299
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• 2005

Objectives : It is well known that cigarette smoking is harzardous to the osseointegration of dental implant, due to the impaired wound healing accompanied by reduced alveolar bone density. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of cigarette smoke on the implant osseointegration by the time factor consideration. Materials and methods : Twenty-four male Spraque-Dawley rats (8 weeks, weighting 200 to 250g) were used in this study. In the experimental group, 13 rats were exposed to cigarette smoke, 8 minutes per day during 6 weeks, and 12 rats in the control group were not exposed at any time. RBM (Resorbed blasting media) surfaced implant (diameter 3.3mm, length 5.0mm, AVANA Co., Korea) was placed in the right femur of each rat. Each implant with surrounding bone was prepared with microtome (cutting band 0.2mm$^{(R)}$, EXAKT Co., Germany) after 1 day, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks and stained with toluidine blue (1%). Another clinical investigation of each implant was also done at each evaluation time. Results : Clinical investigation around implant fixture showed that there were no significant differences between the control and experimental group. Microscopic observation around implant fixture showed that there were significant differences between the control and experimental group at the initial stage after implant fixture installation. Experimental group showed a decreased bone to implant contact within 4 weeks compared to control group, but showed similar characteristics after 4 weeks. Conclusion : Smoking inhalation effect on the dental implant showed the impaired wound healing by vasoconstriction and decreased intramedullary blood flow at initial stage of osseointegration. This experimental results can be clinically useful to the implant surgery of smoking patients.

• 과학기술학연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.199-222
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• 2014

기능성자기공명혈관조영술(fMRA)은 2008년 한국에서 처음 이루어진 기술과학적 혁신이다. 7테슬라 초고자장 자기공명영상을 주로 활용하는 이 기술은, 뇌내 미세혈관 영상을 획득하여 뇌의 인지활동을 이미징하는 기술이며, 가천의대 뇌과학 연구소에서 기본 개념이 개발되었다. 관련 논문은 2008년, 2010년, 2012년 세 차례에 걸쳐 연관된 SCI 저널에 출판되었으며 지속적으로 그 가능성이 탐색되고 있는 중이다. 특히 fMRA는 Seiji Ogawa 박사가 '90년대 개발하여 인지과학 분야에서 널리 활용되고 있는 fMRI(기능성자기공명영상)와 경합하는 기술로 개발되었다. fMRI와 fMRA 모두 뇌내 미세혈관의 영상을 획득하여 인간의 인지기능을 시각화하는 기술이다. fMRI는 특정한 인지활동에 따르는 국소적 산소농도 변화를 포착하여 이미지화하는 기술이고, fMRA는 초고해상도 뇌영상의 획득을 통해, 해당 인지활동과 연관된 뇌의 영역으로 연결되는 미세혈관의 변화 자체를 포착하는 기술이다. 그런데 fMRA 기술이 구성되던 시기의 과학자사회 내부를 들여다보면, 우리는 해당 신기술이 일련의 경계 작업을 통한 과학적 개념의 재설정과 용어(기표)의 자유로운 의미작용을 활용하여 입지를 공고히 하는 기호학적 작업(기표-정치)을 수반했음을 확인할 수 있다. 기표-정치는 기호학적인 정치 행위이자 정치적인 기호사용 행위(semiotic politics and political semiotics)이다. 기술과학의 정치성은 과학자 사회와 시민사회, 전문가와 비전문가의 접점에서만 발생하는 것이 아니며, 신기술이 등장한 경우 우리는 수면 밑에서 발생하는 과학자들 간의 경합 외에도 신기술과 구기술 사이의 기술적 경합을 분석할 필요가 있다. 신기술과 결부된 이러한 측면을 분석함으로써 분석자는, 특정 기술과학에 내재된 경쟁구조와 핵심 행위자들 사이에 배태된 정치성을 발견할 수 있기 때문이다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.341-349
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• 2020

Background: The replicative senescence of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) is accompanied by growth arrest. In our previous study, the treatment of senescent HDFs with Rg3(S) lowered the intrinsic reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and reversed cellular senescence by inducing peroxiredoxin-3, an antioxidant enzyme. However, the signaling pathways involved in Rg3(S)-induced senescence reversal in HDFs and the relatedness of the stereoisomer Rg3(R) in corresponding signaling pathways are not known yet. Methods: We performed senescence-associated β-galactosidase and cell cycle assays in Rg3(S)-treated senescent HDFs. The levels of ROS, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as well as the mitochondrial DNA copy number, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)⁺/1,4-dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) ratio, and NAD-dependent sirtuins expression were measured and compared among young, old, and Rg3(S)-pretreated old HDFs. Major signaling pathways of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and sirtuin 1/3, including cell cycle regulatory proteins, were examined by immunoblot analysis. Results: Ginsenoside Rg3(S) reversed the replicative senescence of HDFs by restoring the ATP level and NAD⁺/NADH ratio in downregulated senescent HDFs. Rg3(S) recovered directly the cellular levels of ROS and the NAD⁺/NADH ratio in young HDFs inactivated by rotenone. Rg3(S) mainly downregulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt through the inhibition of mTOR by cell cycle regulators like p53/p21 in senescent HDFs, whereas Rg3(R) did not alter the corresponding signaling pathways. Rg3(S)-activated sirtuin 3/PGC1α to stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis. Conclusion: Cellular molecular analysis suggests that Rg3(S) specifically reverses the replicative senescence of HDFs by modulating Akt-mTOR-sirtuin signaling to promote the biogenesis of mitochondria.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2016

Objectives: Acupuncture treatments are safe and effective for a wide variety of diseases involving autonomic dysregulation. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive method for assessing sympathovagal balance. The low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) spectral power ratio is an index of sympathovagal influence on heart rate and of cardiovascular health. This study tests the hypothesis that from rest to 30% to 50% of peak oxygen consumption, the nonlinear Conte-Zbilut-Federici (CZF) method of computing the LF/HF ratio is a more reliable index of changes in the HRV than linear methods are. Methods: The subjects of this study were 10 healthy young adults. Electrocardiogram RR intervals were measured during 6-minute periods of rest and aerobic exercise on a cycle ergometer at 30% and 50% of peak oxygen consumption ($VO_{2peak}$). Results: The frequency domain CZF computations of the LF/HF ratio and the time domain computations of the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) decreased sequentially from rest to 30% $VO_{2peak}$ (P < 0.001) to 50% $VO_{2peak}$ (P < 0.05). The SDNN and the CZF computations of the LF/HF ratio were positively correlated (Pearson's r = 0.75, P < 0.001). fast Fourier transform (FFT), autoregressive (AR) and Lomb periodogram computations of the LF/HF ratio increased only from rest to 50% $VO_{2peak}$. Conclusion: Computations of the LF/HF ratio by using the nonlinear CZF method appear to be more sensitive to changes in physical activity than computations of the LF/HF ratio by using linear methods. Future studies should determine whether the CZF computation of the LF/HF ratio improves evaluations of pharmacopuncture and other treatment modalities.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.309-318
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• 2015

Alcohol consumption increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, its effects on prediabetes or early diabetes have not been studied. We investigated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the pancreas and liver resulting from chronic alcohol consumption in the prediabetes and early stages of diabetes. We separated Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, a type-2 diabetic animal model, into two groups based on diabetic stage: prediabetes and early diabetes were defined as occurrence between the ages of 11 to 16 weeks and 17 to 22 weeks, respectively. The experimental group received an ethanol-containing liquid diet for 6 weeks. An intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was conducted after 16 and 22 weeks for the prediabetic and early diabetes groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in body weight between the control and ethanol groups. Fasting and 120-min glucose levels were lower and higher, respectively, in the ethanol group than in the control group. In prediabetes rats, alcohol induced significant expression of ER stress markers in the pancreas; however, alcohol did not affect the liver. In early diabetes rats, alcohol significantly increased most ER stress-marker levels in both the pancreas and liver. These results indicate that chronic alcohol consumption increased the risk of diabetes in prediabetic and early diabetic OLETF rats; the pancreas was more susceptible to damage than was the liver in the early diabetic stages, and the adaptive and proapoptotic pathway of ER stress may play key roles in the development and progression of diabetes affected by chronic alcohol ingestion.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.300-305
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• 2011

The present study was investigated the neuroprotective effects of acupuncture at ST36 on learning and memory deficits after transient cerebral ischemia in a gerbil model. The animals were randomly divided into three groups (n=7 in each group): the sham operation group (SHAM), ischemia-induced and ST36 acupuncture group (ISC + ST36), and the ischemia-induced and Tail-acupuncture group (ISC + TAIL). For the acupuncture stimulation, stainless steel needles, 0.3 mm in diameter, were inserted bilaterally into the ST36 locus or the tail and stimulated for 1 min/day for 14 days. Using the Morris water maze test, the animals were tested on spatial learning and memory. In addition, the effects of acupuncture on memory storage and the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, in the hippocampal CA1 area, were investigated by ChAT immunohistochemistry. Transient cerebral ischemia produced impaired performance on the MWM test (DAY 5: p<0.01 and retention test: p<0.05) and severely decreased ChAT immunoreactivity in the CA1 hippocampal area compared to the SHAM group (p<0.05). However, improved learning and memory were observed (DAY 5: p<0.05 and retention test: p<0.01) as well as a significantly reduced loss of ChAT immunoactivity in the hippocampal CA1 region (p<0.001) after acupuncture stimulation at ST36 were observed. These results show that acupuncture at ST36 ameliorated the learning and memory deficits at least in part through the cholinergic system. The findings of this study provide potential data that acupuncture is useful for the treatment of some of the behavioral impairs of transient cerebral ischemia.