• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.306-312
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• 2002

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus(SLE) is a autoimmune disease characterized by combined symtoms of malar rash, discoid rash, neuropsychiatric disorder, renal disorder, hematologic disorder, photosensitivity immunologic disorder, oral ulcer, anti-nuclear antibody, arthritis, pleuritis and pericarditis, etc. Multiple genetic or environmental causes are supposed to facilitate antiboby production to autoantigen such as ds-DNA, histone, phospholipid, red blood cell, platelet, etc. And defective complementary system fail to remove autoantigen-antibody complex, which deposit in multiple organs and result in inflammatory damages. SLE does not correctly correspond to any specific category of oriental medicine. But, accoring to previous reports, it can be controlled by herb medications used differently patients-to-patients. So we are to report this one SLE case being successfully controlled by classic corticosteroids with herb medications based on oriental diffrential diagnosis of symptoms and signs.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.3-14
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• 2003

In this review article, the meanings of the somatization phenomena were reviewed and discussed in terms of cultural psychiatric view point. The somatization is an universal psychopathology. But frequency, pattern of symptoms and it's cultural factors in the conversion of emotional distress to the somatization are much different from culture to culture. Conventional impression and monotonous interpretation that somatization is prevalent in the non-Western or traditional society and it is due to poor differentiation of the psyche is seriously criticized. Cultural metaphors of expressing emotional pain, traditional disease concepts, conventional way of adopting a given culture and society, and medical delivery system and milieu could be regarded as important cultural factors of the somatization. Cultural meanings of somatization in Korea were summarized and discussed. Finally, clinical guide line for transcultural practice were summarized.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.83-86
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• 2003

Major advances in positive-sense RNA virus research have been facilitated by the development of reverse genetics systems. These systems consist of an infectious cDNA clone that encompasses the genome of the virus in question. This clone is then used as a template for the subsequent synthesis of infectious RNA for the generation of synthetic viruses. However, the construction of infectious cDNA for the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) has been repeatedly thwarted by the instability of its cDNA. As JEV is an important human pathogen that causes permanent neuropsychiatric sequelae and even fatal disease, a reliable reverse genetics system for this virus is highly desirable. The availability of this tool would greatly and the development of effective vaccines as well as facilitate studies into the basic biology of the virus, including the molecular mechanisms of viral replication, neurovirulence, and pathogenesis. We have successfully constructed a genetically stable infectious JEV cDNA containing full-length viral RNA genome. Synthetic RNA transcripts generated in vitro from the cDNA were highly infectious upon transfection into susceptible cells, and the cDNA remained stable after it had been propagated in E. coli for 180 generations. Using this infectious JEV cDNA, we have successfully expressed a variety of reporter genes from the full-length genomic and various subgenomic RNAs in vitro transcribed from functional JEV cDNAS. In summary, we have developed a reverse genetics system for JEV that will greatly facilitate the research on this virus in a variety of different fields. It will also be useful as a heterologous gene expression vector and aid the development of a vaccine against JEV.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.74-80
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• 2014

Objectives More than half of the elders suffer from chronic sleep disturbances. Moreover, sleep disturbances are more prevalent in patients with depressive disorder than in community dwelling elderly. In this study, we aim to estimate the risk factors of poor sleep quality and its effect on quality of life in patients with late life depression. Methods This study included 159 depressive patients aged 65 years or older who completed Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A global PSQI score of 5 or greater indicates a poor sleeper. Structural diagnostic interviews were performed using the Korean version of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Depression was evaluated by the Korean form of Geriatric Depression Scale (KGDS). Global cognition was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination in the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease assessment packet. Quality of life was evaluated by the Korean version of Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36). Results The frequencies of poor sleepers were 90.5% in major depressive disorder, 71.8% in minor depressive disorder, 47.1% in subsyndromal depressive disorder, and 73.0% in all types of depressive disorders. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that female [odds ratio (OR) = 2.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.20-6.67] and higher KGDS score (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.05-1.21) were risk factors of poor sleep quality in patients with late life depression. In the analysis of ANCOVA adjusted for age, gender, education and KGDS score, the mean scores of vitality mental health and mental component summary of SF-36 were lower in poor sleepers than in good sleepers. Conclusions Poor sleepers among patients with late life depression are very common and are associated with female and higher KGDS scores. Poor sleep quality causes a significant negative effect on mental health quality. So researchers and clinicians should be more vigilant in the evaluation and treatment of sleep disturbances in patients with late life depression.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.56-74
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the current characteristics of outpatients using herbal medicine for treating Sanhupung and provide treatment instructions in the clinical field. Methods: To analyze characteristics of outpatients with postpartum disease, I searched medical records from July 1, 2017 to June 30, 2020 using O94 (Sequelae of complication of pregnancy) in an oriental medicine hospital and 73 Sanpuhung patients were analyzed. Results: 1. The average age of Sanpuhung outpatients was 32.83±3.14 years old. The mean body weight difference between full-term pregnancy and visiting date was -7.79±4.23 kg. 2. The most chief complaints of Sanpuhung outpatients were musculo-skeletal symptoms in 57 (78.08%) patients followed by neuropsychiatric symptoms and circulatory symptoms. In musculo-skeletal symptoms, the most chief complaint area was wrist in 48 (65.75%) patients followed by waist, shoulder and knee. 3. 68 (93.15%) patients gave birth between 38 and 42 weeks of pregnancy, 33 (45.20%) patients gave birth by caesarean operation. Patients delivered in July visited the hospital most frequently for postpartum care. 4. 68 (93.15%) patients gave birth to single-born babies. The average birth weight was 3.13±0.45 kg. 5. In distribution from delivery to visitation period, the average was 65.08±103.2 days. The number of visits less than two times was 72 (98.63%). 6. A total of 73 outpatients got herbal medicine. Depending on the symptoms, herbal medicines were different from each other. Ikgibohyeol-tang-gagambang, Ojeok-san-gagambang and Gunggui-tang-gagambang were mostly used. Conclusions: These results could be helpful to treat Sanhupung patients in Korean gynecologic clinical fields.

• Allergy, Asthma & Respiratory Disease
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.315-321
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• 2018

Purpose: Radiocontrast media are widely used in medical imaging to improve diagnostic accuracy. However, studies on the adverse reactions of radiocontrast media in children are limited. We aimed to describe the characteristics of adverse reactions to radiocontrast media among children who had a computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging in a tertiary university hospital. Methods: We retrospectively collected data on adverse reactions to radiocontrast media by the reporting system of a tertiary university hospital. We selected data from children under the age of 19 from July 2011 to December 2017 and analyzed their characteristics. We focused mainly on the characteristics of the index case which is defined by the first adverse event of each subject. Results: During the period, a total of 88,050 radiocontrast media-enhanced imaging studies were performed and 184 cases of adverse reactions were reported. A total of 71 were identified as index cases. Forty-nine (69.0%) were male and the mean age was $12.7{\pm}3.2$ years. The incidence of radiocontrast media-related adverse reactions was 0.09% and severe reactions were 0.002%. The most common clinical feature was skin manifestations (54.9%), followed by gastrointestinal symptoms (40.8%) and neuropsychiatric symptoms (7.4%). Conclusion: Adverse reactions to radiocontrast media rarely occur in children and the incidence of severe reactions is low. Most reactions are mild and are related to the skin and gastrointestinal system. This report would provide good evidence for establishing a management strategy in children scheduled for imaging studies using radiocontrast media.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.25.1-25.9
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• 2022

Canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes cognitive and behavioral disorders and reduces the quality of life in dogs and their guardians. This study reviewed the complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for CDS and compared the diagnosis and therapy of CAM between CDS in canines and dementia in humans. The evaluation tools for the diagnosis of CDS and dementia were similar in the neurological and neuropsychiatric examinations, daily life activity, cognitive tests, and neuroimaging, but the evaluation for dementia was further subdivided. In CAM, pattern identification is a diagnostic method for accurate, personalized treatment, such as herbal medicine. For herbal medicine treatment of cognitive impairment in canines and humans, a similar pattern identification classified as deficiency (Qi, blood, and Yin) and Excess (phlegm, Qi stagnation, and blood stasis) is being used. However, the veterinary clinical basis for verifying the efficacy and safety of CAM therapies for CDS is limited. Therefore, based on CAM evidence in dementia, it is necessary to establish CDS-targeted CAM diagnostic methods and therapeutic techniques considering the anatomical, physiological, and pathological characteristics of dogs.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.329-335
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine how analyzing movies, including mental symptoms, according to a certain method, might affect the understanding of psychiatric disorders. Methods: Forty-four oriental medicine students who had completed Korean medicine neuropsychiatric science were required to submit reports on episode analysis, psychiatric personal history investigation, diagnostic criteria, and the connection between Korean medicine and psychiatric diseases after watching a movie, including psychiatric symptoms. After submitting the report, a questionnaire related to understanding before and after watching the movie was asked to be filled out. Demographic survey, frequency analysis, and response sample t-test were performed based on 42 questionnaires. Results: Results of analyzing the questionnaire were as follows. 1. The average number of movies watched was three. 2. Psychiatric disorders and psychiatric symptoms, diagnostic criteria, psychiatric personal investigation, and understanding of the connection between Korean medicine and psychiatric diseases all increased statistically significantly. 3. A separate process might be needed to improve the understanding of psychiatric personal strength investigation and oriental medicine connection. Conclusions: Movie analysis, including individual mental symptoms, could improve students' understanding of psychiatric disorders in psychiatric symptoms, diagnostic criteria, and psychiatric personal investigation, but some students might need feedback.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.37-43
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• 2020

Phenylketonuria is the most prevalent disorder caused by an inborn error in aminoacid metabolism. It results from mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene. If untreated or late treated, results in profound and irreversible mental disability. Newborn screening test identify patients with phenylketouria. The early initiation of a phenylalanine restricted diet very soon prevents most of the neuropsychiatric complications. However, the diet therapy is difficult to maintain and compliance is poor, especially in adolescents and adulthood. Since 2015, American Medical College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) recommended more strong restrictive diet therapy for target blood level of phenylalanine (<360 umol/L). For over four decades the only treatment was a very restrictive low phenylalanine diet. This changed in 2007 with the approval of cofactor therapy (Tetrahydrobiopterin, BH4) which is effective in up to 30% of patients. Data from controlled clinical trials with sapropterin dihydrochloride indicate a similar occurrence of all-cause adverse events with this treatment and placebo. Large neutral aminoacids (LNAA) competes with phenylalanine for transport across the blood-brain-barrier and have a beneficial effect on executive functioning. A new therapy has just been approved that can be effective in most patients with PAH deficiency regardless of their degree of enzyme deficiency or the severity of their phenotype. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL-PEG) was approved in the USA by FDA in May of 2018 for adult patients with uncontrolled blood phenylalanine concentrations on current treatment. Nucleic acid therapy (therapeutic mRNA or gene therapy) is likely to provide longer term solutions with few side effects.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.170-181
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• 1996

Objective : This study was tried to investigate the specific relationships among cognitve function, neurbehavioral symptoms, and daily living functions, as well as provide the guidline of more proper clinical approches for patients with subcortical cerebrovascular disease. Objects and Methods Subjects were 85 patients whose diagnosis was confirmed by brain CT or MRI and controls were 195 normal persons matched by educational level with the subjects. The cognitive functions were evaluated by BNA(Benton neuropsychiatric assessment), subjective neurobehavioral symptoms by SCL-90-R(Sympton Check List-90-Revised), objective neurobehavioral symptoms by NRS(Neurobehavioral Rating Scale), and daily living function symptoms by NRS(Neurobehavioral Rating Scale), and daily living function by GERRI(Geriatric Evaluation by Relative's Rating Instrument) and IADL(Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale). Results: 1) Subjects showed significantly lower cognitive functions than controls in all tests of BNA except Lt-Rt Orientation Test(p=0.09) and facial Recognition Test(p=0.186). 2) In subjective neurobehavioral symptoms, subjects showed significantly lower scores in all symptoms except anxiety(p=0.059), hostility(p=0.159), and phobic anxiety(p=0.849). But in objects neurobehavioral symptoms, subjects showed significantly higher in scores in psychoticism (p=0.000) and neuroticism(p=0.025) of NRS. 3) The score of social functioning of GERRI(p=0.000) and that of IADL(p=0.000) were significantly higher in subjects than in controls. 4) for correlation between cognitive and daily living functions, there were significant correlations between the scores of all items on BNA and the score of cognitive or social function of GERRI and the socre of MDL in corntrols, whereas in subjects, there were significant correlations only between the scores of BNA and the score of IADL. 5) for correlation between neuroehavioral symptoms and daily living functions, there were significant correlatons between the socre of subjective neurobehavioral symptoms and the scores of all subscales of GERRI and the score of MDL in controls. On the contrary, in subjects, there were significant correlations between the score of social function of GERRI and the score of objective neurobehavioral symptoms such as psychoticism, agitiation-hostility, and decrease d motivation-emotional withdrawl. Conclusion : Above results suggest that disturbances in specific function of brain may play a role as a predictor of impairments with specific daily living functions and also suggest that specific correlations among various functions may be useful as clinical parameters for setting of the treatment goal and for assessing the ongoing process in the treatment and rehavilitation of the patients with subcortical cerebrovascular disease.