• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.28 no.A
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• pp.75-80
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• 2008

This paper describes the mechanical and control design of a robotic device for providing therapeutic assistance to arm movement following stroke. This is a new robot for arm therapy applicable to the training of activities of daily living in homes and clinics. This instrument has one degrees of freedom, and is equipped with position and force sensors. Repetitive movement can improve movement performance in patients with neurological or orthopaedic lesions. The application of robotics can serve to assist, enhance, evaluate, and document neurological and orthopaedic rehabilitation of movements. The new robot, the mechanical structure, the control circuit, the sensors and actuators and some safety aspects.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2011

Acute ischemic stroke results from sudden decrease or loss of blood supply to an area of the brain, resulting in a coinciding loss of neurological function. The antioxidant action of melatonin is an important mechanism among its known effects to protective activity during ischemic/reperfusion injury. The focus of this research, therapeutic efficacy of melatonin on recovery of neurological function following long term treatment in ischemic brain injured rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=40; 8 weeks old) were divided into the control group, and MCAo groups (Vehicle, MT7 : MCAo+ melatonin injection at 7:00, MT19 : MCAo+melatonin injection at 19:00, and MT7,19 : MCAo+melatonin injection at 7:00 and 19:00). Rat body weight and neurological function were measured every week for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, the rats were anesthetized with a mixture of zoletil (40 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) and sacrificed for further analysis. Tissues were then collected for RNA isolation from brain tissue. Also, brain tissues were analyzed by histological procedures. We elucidated that melatonin was not toxic in vital organs. MT7,19 was the most rapidly got back to mild symptom on test of neurological parameter. Also, exogenous melatonin induces both the down-regulation of detrimental genes, such as NOSs and the up-regulation of beneficial gene, including BDNF during long term administration after focal cerebral ischemia. Melatonin treatment reduced the loss of primary motor cortex. Therefore, we suggest that melatonin could be act as prophylactic as well as therapeutic agent for neurorehabilitative intervention.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.24-35
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• 2013

The Purpose of this study was to determine the clinical effectiveness of mirror therapy for stroke. Moreover, this paper was designed to summarize clarified information of neurological plasticity by mirror therapy to finally define the neurological mechanism. Mirror therapy improves the stroke patients' hand and arm motor function. It also has a positive influence on recovering performance of activities of daily living and relieving pain. However, it is not evident that mirror therapy restores visual neglect. There are various ways of recovering stroke. Fundamentally, all the theories are on a bases of restoration of premotor area. Premotor area which is associated with motor control increases the activation of primary motor area and finally improves patients' motor function. If primary motor area is completely damaged, premotor area and supplementary motor substitute for primary motor area. In summary of literature survey, there are not enough evidence to verify the effectiveness and neurological mechanism of mirror therapy. In future, more researches should be conducted to verify the neurological recovery through mirror therapy. Then, mirror therapy will be acknowledged as a clinically effective treatment.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.72-80
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• 2012

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of familiar exercise and novel exercise on motor function after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats. The rats were subjected to a unilateral striatal ICH via collagenase infusion. The rats were randomly divided into the following three groups: the CON (control group; rested one week post-ICH), the FE (familiar exercise group; familiar exercise was performed two weeks after one-week post-ICH period), and NE (novel exercise group; novel exercise was performed two weeks after one-week post-ICH period). We measured neurological behavior using a ladder rung walking test and a beam walking test; we measured the level of nerve growth factor (NGF) using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. We performed a one-way ANOVA test to analyze the scores obtained from the neurological behavior tests and the differences of NGF protein levels among the three groups. In the present study, the FE group and the NE group showed significant improvement during the neurological behavior tests and in their expression of NGF protein level, as compared to the CON group. Especially, NE group more increase than FE group in neurological behavior tests, the expression of NGF on motor cortex. In conclusion, these results suggest that, after ICH, familiar exercise and novel exercise enhance motor function and, novel exercise is more effective than familiar exercise.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.79-83
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• 2000

Sleep disturbances are frequently associated with neurological disorders. Sleep disorders interfere with rehabilitation of patients with neurological disorders such as stroke and may increase the severity of their symptoms and recurrence rate of stroke. The treatment of sleep apnea syndrome is particularly important in managing patients with cerebral infarction of whom 50-80% have moderate to severe sleep apnea. Sleep apnea produces not only poor quality sleep but also excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue and lack of energy. Sleep problems frequently found in patients with dementia are sleep-wake cycle abnormality, fragmentation of sleep, nocturnal insomnia, decreased slow wave sleep and REM sleep, and sleep disordered breathing. The management of sleep disturbances is very important for controlling symptoms such as nocturnal wandering and sundowning syndrome in patients with dementia. Parkinson's disease and epilepsy are other neurological disorders that may have sleep disturbances.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2013

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.92-97
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• 2013

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.13-26
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate neuroprotective effects of Neutral Pharmacopuncture for Blood Stasis(NPBS) into SP10 and Tangguisusangami-tang (dangguixusanjiawei-tang)(TGT) in the experimental Traumatic Brain Injury(TBI)rats. Methods : Male rats were divided into 4 groups. Group I was no treatment after TBI. Group II was treatment with NPBS into SP10 after TBI. Group III was treatment with TGT after TBI. Group IV was NPBS into SP10 and TGT after TBI. The author carried out neurological motor behavioral, histological assessment test. Results : 1. In neurological motor behavior tests, motor and cognitive function recovery was significantly increased in the Group II, III, IV. Also Group IV was increased as compared with Group II, III. 2. In BAX expression, according to priority Group IV, III, II, I were decresed in 7 and 14 days later. Especially Group IV was significantly decreased in 14 days later. 3. In BCL-2 expression, Group IV was increased slightly in 7 days later. Most incresed expression was experimented in the Group IV in 14 days later. 4. In TUNEL expression, IV was decreased as compared with each Group I, II, III in 7 days later. Group IV, III were decreased as compared with each Group I, II, III in 14 days later. Conclusions : According to the results, NPBS and TGT can inhibit apoptosis of cells after TBI in rats by contol of BAX and BCL-2, TUNEL expression. And also can help neurological motor behavioral function.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.359-370
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• 2022

Purpose: Physical therapists are required to properly choose the most appropriate treatment for each patient within the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF model). The aims of this study were to determine whether neurological physical therapists in clinical settings in South Korea know about the ICF model and to investigate the current trends of outcome measures (OMs) used by them. Methods: Two hundred and one physical therapists who worked with patients with neurological disorders participated in this study. The survey was conducted via e-mail and asked about commonly used OMs and the considerations for selecting OMs. Results: All physical therapists involved in this study responded completely, and 45.8% of participants learned about the ICF model, while 37.3% understood the detailed information related to the ICF model. The rest of the participants did not know or just heard about the ICF model. The most frequently used tools at the body function/structure level were the Range of Motion (98%), Manual Muscle Test (97%), Berg Balance Scale (83.1%), and Modified Ashworth Scale (70.6%) when allowing repetition. At the activity level, the 10-meter walk test (71.1%), 6-minute walk test (54.2%), and Functional Ambulatory Category (43.3%) were used, while the Activity-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (23.9%) was used at the participation level. There was a positive relationship between the number of tools used and years of work, as well as the level of understanding of the ICF model. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that it is necessary to learn the ICF model in a clinical setting. In addition, the medical system needs to be modified to encourage physical therapists in South Korea to use proper OMs within the ICF model.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.480-495
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and test a structural equation model on social re-adjustment of individuals with stroke based on a literature review and Roy's adaptation model. Methods: This study involved 321 participants who had a stroke and visited the outpatient department after discharge. The hypothetical model was developed based on Roy's adaptation model and a comprehensive review of previous literature on the topic. The model comprised four exogenous variables (neurological damage, gender [man], age, and social support) and five endogenous variables (activities of daily living, acceptance of disability, depression, rehabilitation motivation, and social re-adjustment). The data were analyzed using SPSS Windows software version 22.0 and AMOS 23.0. Results: Out of 28 research hypotheses, 18 were supported, and they indicated approximately 64% probability of social re-adjustment. Social re-adjustment is directly and significantly affected by age, social support, activities of daily living, and depression. Social re-adjustment is indirectly affected by neurological impairment, gender (men), age, social support, and rehabilitation motivation. Conclusion: Continuous assistance and care should be provided for individuals with disabilities caused by sudden neurological damage to facilitate gradual improvement in their social re-adjustment. To enhance social re-adjustment, especially among older adults, newly developed interventions should focus on improving their activities of daily living, preventing depression, and enhancing support from family and healthcare personnel.