• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.302-309
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• 2005

We have studied a model and application that evolves the behavioral knowledge of a virtual robot. The knowledge is represented in classification rules and a neural network, and is learned by a genetic algorithm. The model consists of a virtual robot with behavior knowledge, an environment that it moves in, and an evolution performer that includes a genetic algorithm. We have also applied our model to an environment where the robots gather food into a nest. When comparing our model with the conventional method on various test cases, our model showed superior overall learning.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.43-47
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• 1989

An instrumentation system to measure the pressure between elastic bodies and between an elastic and a rigid body has been developed. The force between elastic bodies can be measured only by Elastric- body pressure Meter. As a standard Elastic-body pressure Meter, Model RCG-24A consists of 24 pick-ups, one switch box and one amplifier and measuring is possible at each of 24 measuring spots by swithing one to the nest using the switch box. The system can be used in various specialized disciplines, such as ergonomics, anthropometry and biomechanics.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.94-103
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• 2002

To suggest basic research data for a plan raising naturalness of urban park forest, the structure of forest vegetation and bird community were analyzed in four urban parks of Gwangju city. And also, their relationships were discussed. Some of the structural characteristics in the two communities were closely related to each other. Species and individual densities of birds were relatively high in Songjong and Sangmu park showing the vigorous successional progress, but were low in Anchong park with simple vegetation. The bird group that nest and feed in canopy or dead wood held occupy the highest percent in Sajik park with well developed upper layer of forest, the bird group that nest and feed in shrub did in Sangmu park with developed middle layer, and the bird group that feed in ground did in Songjong park with developed low layer. Relationship between the species diversities of forest and birds was not significant. Nevertheless, bird diversity was relatively high in Sajik and Sangmu park with the high proportion of broad-leaved trees in upper and middle layers.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.109-114
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• 1973

In order to use the red wood ants (Formica sp.) as a resources of natural enemy of pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler), the distribution of red wood ants in Gyeongnam Province, general ecology, and the limit of transplantation was investigated. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Red wood ants preyed upon 1st to 3rd instar of pine caterpillar. 2. Red wood ants were distributed to 474 locations of 18 county, covering 7,702, $559m^2$ in Gyeongnam Province. 3. The distribution of red wood ants was $60\%$ in lower part, $39.5\%$ in middle part and $0.5\%$ in upper part of the mountain. 4. It seems that the height of building nest was directly proportional to the total number of each colony, showing the regression equation of Y=6,200 X-27,813, and the building nest was concerned with soil moisture. 5. It was possible to transplant the red wood ants from May to September, md 5 nests were built by the transplanted ants within one year.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.689-696
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• 2010

Interval-censored data are commonly found in studies of diseases that progress without symptoms, which require clinical evaluation for detection. Several techniques have been suggested with independent assumption. However, the assumption will not be valid if observations come from clusters. Furthermore, when the cluster size relates to response variables, commonly used methods can bring biased results. For example, in a study on lymphatic filariasis, a parasitic disease where worms make several nests in the infected person's lymphatic vessels and reside until adulthood, the response variable of interest is the nest-extinction times. Since the extinction times of nests are checked by repeated ultrasound examinations, exact extinction times are not observed. Instead, data are composed of two examination points: the last examination time with living worms and the first examination time with dead worms. Furthermore, as Williamson et al. (2008) pointed out, larger nests show a tendency for low clearance rates. This association has been denoted as an informative cluster size. To analyze the relationship between the numbers of nests and interval-censored nest-extinction times, this study proposes a joint model for the relationship between cluster size and clustered interval-censored failure data.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.471-476
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• 2003

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a systemic disease of ruminants caused by ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2). OvHV-2 is a gamma herpesvirus, which induces frequent latent infection and often difficult to detect its antigens and even specific nucleic acids because of its low viral copies in the infected tissues. Histopathology, serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were compared for the diagnosis of MCF using 10 bison infected with OvHV-2. Histopathological diagnosis was performed using the criteria which was based upon the pathognomic lesions. Serological diagnosis was conducted using its serum with competitive ELISA for the detection of antibodies of OvHV-2. Also, the nest PCR was performed with peripheral blood leukocytes for the detection of OvHV-2-specific DNAs. Primers 556 and 775 were used for the primary amplification, and primers 556 and 555 were used for the secondary amplification. As the results, positive cases were 6 by histopahology, 9 by serology and 10 by PCR. As comparing with other diagnostic methods, PCR was found to be more sensitive than histopathology and serology. The recent development of molecular diagnostic assays has provided powerful tools for investigating how viruses survive in nature. Development of PCR specific for viruses has dramatically improved the accuracy of diagnosis of viruses in clinically infected animals. Furthermore, amplification of viral genomic material by nest PCR represents the most sensitive method for the detection of viruses and might be detected successfully even though very low viral DNA copies. So, it could be used as the first choice for the detection of viral DNAs with low copies such as the status of latent infection. However, it has also some limitation of application like as false negative results by PCR inhibitors and false positive results by contamination. The results of this study suggest that the use of molecular biological methods like PCR may increase the accuracy for the diagnosis of infectious diseases. However, in diagnostic laboratory, it is recommended that PCR assay must be conducted with other diagnostic methods for more reliable diagnosis.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.8
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• pp.1-9
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• 1968

This experiment was carried on to investigate the root system of the half bench terracing mulberry field of 170cm wide at slope 1and. The results obtained are as follows; 1. Total root weight per nest in case of p1anting two sapling is from 2.4 to 2.8kg, of which most are over l0mm in diameter, 1-5mm intermediate, and below 1mm and 5-10mm fewest. Total root length. per nest is 177-255 meter except less than 1mm in diameter, of which 1-5mm is longest and over l0mm shortest. 2. From the view of vertical distribution of root, the weight and length of root (90%) are mostly concentrated 20cm below and then 20-40cm from the surface of land. 3. Most roots have grown right and left within 30cm from the mulberry stock. 4. Most roots have grown at 35-70cm block and 70-105cm block from front side of terrace, if further than this, roots have become fewer. Root distribution at front side is more considerable than that at rear side of terrace. 5. There was no significant difference among the mulberry varieties.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.427-436
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• 2016

This study attempts to suggest a theoretical basic frame that is needed for nursing intervention regarding the sexual experiences of the mentally disabled. The data were collected through a series of interviews with 14 participants. With permission of the mentally disabled, the interviews were recorded and transcribed. The data were analyzed using the framework of grounded theory mapped out by Strauss & Corbin(1998). The following 3 theories were confirmed on the basis of repetitive relations: becoming nest type, exercising self-restraint type, getting tangled type. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a realistic sex education that is relevant to hospital, community mental health center, and culture. The nurse is required to activily participate in educating the mentally disabled with a diverse approach to instill and nurture the sober perspective about sex such as the pleasure, life, intimacy based on sexual equality.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.110-114
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• 1997

This research was performed to screen the cytotoxic activities of some pharmaceutical insect relatives. Cytotoxic activities of total extract and fractions of hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, water and boiling water were extracted from four pharmaceutical insect relatives: the Chinese gall, the cicada slough, the hornet nest and the batryticated silkworm. These extracts were investigated against the cancer cell lines of L1210, P388 and SNU-1 in vitro tests. Results showed that, ED, , against the cancer cell lines of L1210, P388 and SNU-1 were 0.55, 0.50, and $0.83{\mu}g/ml$ in the ethyl acetate fraction from the Chinese gall; 1.07, 2.19, and $2.24{\mu}g/ml$in the ethyl acetate fraction, 1.51, 1.26, and $1.45{\mu}g/ml$ in the water fraction and 1.48, 2.29, and $1.29{\mu}g/ml$in the boiling water fraction from the cicada slough; 3.31, 2.00, and $6.61\mug/ml$ in the water fraction from the hornet nest and 13.80, 19.95, and $31.62{\mu}g/ml$in the hexane fraction and 33.88, 21.88, and $25.12{\mu}g/ml$in the ethyl acetate fraction from the batryticated silkworm, respectively. All of the fractions mentioned above showed high cytotoxic activities and could be suggested for further studies in vivo tests.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.101-116
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• 2010

In this study, the subjects are the expression methods and compositions of peony patterns in Chinese textiles. This study represents the peony patterns which are from Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the research subjects are the peony patterns in fabric, except the peony patterns which are expressed by gold foil, embroidery and kesi. The objects of this study are 72 pieces of peony patterns. We sketched the configuration details of peony patterns through the Illustrator program. Analyze and classify the configuration accurately. Based on the 72 pieces of peony patterns, expression methods and compositions of the peony pattern are as following, firstly, we classified peony patterns into three categories, based on expression methods, as realistic shape, pattern shape and shape. Among these 72 fabric relics, there most of realistic shape 42 pieces(58.3%), pattern shape 25 pieces(34.7%), and shape 5 pieces(7.0%). Secondly, in the realistic shape peony, the most of pattern has petal accumulate as grape- shaped. This type is found in almost every Dynasty and was used regularly in the eras of Song and Ming Dynasty. In the era of Ming Dynasty, by using petals like the curly mushroom, Yeongji(靈芝), the pattern of symbolizing longevity was habitually used. The U-shaped flower pattern (type E) and the pattern of emphasizing the veins of petals are found only in the remains of the era of Qing Dynasty. Thirdly, in the pattern shaped peony, the most of pattern has some petals which are separated(type C). Fourthly, we classified peony patterns into four categories, based on compositions, as individual branch form, floral branch form, cluster branch form and floral nest form. Among these 72 fabric relics, there most of individual branch form 33 pieces(45.8%), floral branch form 18 pieces(25.0%), cluster branch form 13 pieces(18.1%), floral nest form 8 pieces(11.1%).