• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.5-8
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• 2011

The proliferation of new technologies has significantly enhanced the diagnostic capabilities of flexible bronchoscopy compared with traditional methods. Narrow band imaging (NBI), an optical technique in which filtered light enhances superficial neoplasms based on their neoangiogenic patterns, was developed to screen for central intraepithelial moderate or severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ (CIS), and microinvasive neoplasia in patients at risk for lung cancer. Because angiogenesis occurs preferentially in dysplastic and neoplastic lesions, NBI may identify early dysplastic lesions better than white light bronchoscopy (WLB) currently in use. NBI bronchoscopy can be used not only to detect precancerous lesions, but also to screen for cancerous lesions. We prospectively evaluated 101 patients with suspected lung cancer between July 2009 and June 2010. All were previously scheduled for flexible bronchoscopy CT scans. Abnormal NBI was defined by Shibuya's descriptors (tortuous, dotted, or spiral and screw patterns). Biopsies of 132 lesions in 92 patients showed that 78 lesions (59.1%) were malignant and 54 (40.9%) were benign. The diagnostic sensitivity of bronchoscopy in detecting malignancy was 96.2% (75/78). When assorted by lesion pattern, the sensitivity and specificity of NBI bronchoscopy in detecting malignancies were 69.2% (54/78) and 96.3% (52/54), respectively, for the spiral and screw pattern and 14.1% (11/78) and 96.3% (52/54), respectively, for the dotted pattern. Unexpectedly, additional cancerous lesions were detected in five patients (2 dotted and 3 spiral and screw). As a screening tool for malignant lesions, NBI bronchoscopy should assess combinations of all three lesion. The dotted and spiral and screw patterns may be helpful in determining which lesions should be biopsied. NBI bronchoscopy may be useful not only for the diagnosis of early-stage lung cancer but also for more accurate local staging of lung cancer.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.165-168
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• 2012

A 14-year-old intact male Siberian Husky was presented with hematuria, lethargy, and anorexia of 1-month duration. The physical examination revealed mild abdominal distension and pain. The hematology and serum chemistry revealed anemia and severe azotemia. The radiographic examination revealed renomegaly and the ultrasonographic examination, indistinct cortico-medullary junction, increased renal cortex echogenicity, and irregular margination. The urinalysis showed proteinuria and hematuria. The differential diagnosis included renal failure, cystitis, pyelonephritis, and neoplasia. The patient's condition continued to deteriorate, and the dog eventually died. The gross findings from the necropsy revealed hemoperitoneum and a bilateral renal mass. HSA was diagnosed by histopathological examination. This case report describes primary bilateral renal hemangiosarcoma (HSA), which is uncommon in dogs.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2002

In the literatual study of anti-tumor effects of chunghwangsan for leukemia, the results were as follows. 1. Chunghwangsan is composed of Indigo naturalis and Realgar. The composing rate is 9 : 1 and it is made into capsule or piece. The basic administration is 0.3g per day and could increase the quantity each day. 2. The effects of Chunghwangsan is expelling toxin and colling, colling blood to detumescence, drying wetness and anticancer are. So it can be used to treat AML, CML and lymphoma. 3. The anticancer component of Indigo naturalis is indirubin which has the effects of suppression the transplanted tumor, activating the phagocyte of macrophage, promoting the maturation of myeloblast to improve cure rate of CML. The anticancer component of Realgar is $As_2O_3$ which has the direct cellular toxicity for leukemia cell. 4. In viewpoints of oriental medicine, leukemia is malignant myeloid neoplasia in which pathogen invade to shaoyin(少陰). So Chunghwangsan which is expelling toxin and colling, colling blood to detumescence, drying wetness and anticancer is effective to leukemia. 5. In clinical reports, Chunghwangsan is often used in CML, and also used in AML, lymphoma and so on. 6. Chunghwangsan is cool-natured, so we must carefully pay attention to pregnant women and hematsdthenic patients. The main side effects are nausea, bone marrow pain, diarrhea, polydefecation, hematokezia and purpora. We sometimes take invigorating stomach medicine to prevent the side effects. 7. If we continuously develop Chunghwangsan and therapy for leukemia with syndrome differentiation. we can improve the response and cure rate for leukemia in the future.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.183-192
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• 2017

The mammary gland tumor (MGT) is the most common neoplasia in intact female dogs. Of these, 50% are malignant and metastasis to the other sites are often occurred. Therefore, it is very important for decision of treatment plan and prognosis to differentiate benign tumor from malignancies. Calcification of MGT is a very important imaging finding. The purpose of this study was to investigate the radiological and computed tomographic images of the MGT and the morphology and distribution of calcifications in the MGT using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System classification. A total of 42 dogs with MGT were included in this study. The dogs were divided into two groups into benign and malignant groups based upon histologic or cytologic results. The appearance of calcification in the tumor on radiographs and CT images was analyzed for the HU value of pre- and post-contrast injection, margin, surface, and shape of the tumor and the lymph node abnormalities. On radiographs, the positive predictive value of malignant and benign tumors was 72.72 and 85.71%, respectively. On CT examinations, the positive predictive value of malignant and benign tumors was the same value of 83.33%. The maximum diameter of the tumor and the presence of abnormal lymph nodes on CT images showed a strong correlation with malignancies. Therefore, it is thought that radiographs and CT provide useful information for evaluating MGT in dogs.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.847-849
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• 2010

Purpose: Traditional radical surgery for vulvar cancer produces severe skin and soft tissue defects in the vulvar and vaginal area. Vulvoperineal V-Y advancement fasciocutaneous flaps have limitations in advancement and tension at the wound margin and vaginal orifice area, causing wound disruption or vaginal wall exposure. Therefore, we designed the "Butterfly flap" using a vulvoperineal V-Y advancement fasciocutaneous flap and an inguinal rotational skin flap for 3-dimensional reconstruction of vagina and vulvar area. Methods: A 27 year-old female was diagnosed with vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. Radical vulvectomy and full-thickness-skin-graft was performed. We designed a vulvoperineal V-Y advancement fasciocutaneous flap as the greater wing and inguinal rotational skin as the lesser wing. After flap elevation, the inguinal flap was rotated $180^{\circ}$ to reconstruct the labia major and vaginal orifice. The perineum was reconstructed using V-Y advancement flaps. Results: The flap survived completely, without any complications. After 6 months, the patient was able to perform normal sexual activities and after 18 months, the patient was able to give birth to normal child by caesarean section. Conclusion: The traditional vulvoperineal V-Y advancement fasciocutaneous flap is thin, reliable, easily elevated and matches local skin quality. However, the vaginal wall becomes exposed due to limited advancement and tension of the flap. The "Butterfly flap" using a vulvoperineal V-Y advancement fasciocutaneous flap and an inguinal rotational skin flap is useful for the release of vaginal orifice contracture, reconstruction of the labia major, and 3-dimensional reconstruction of vagina and vulvar area.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.489-492
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• 2003

A 12-year-old, intact male Labrador Retriever was admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Konkuk University for the evaluation of bleeding mass in the oral cavity. The mass was first noted 2 years ago and has been growing up to a size of $5{\times}6$ cm. On complete blood count(CBC), leukocytosis and mild anemia were observed. Pulmonary metastasis was found in the thoracic radiographic examination. Blackish necrotic oral mass at the left mandibular area was diagnosed as a malignant melanoma based on the histopathological examination. Thus hemimadibulectomy and chemotherapy (carboplatin) were performed. The patient eventually died due to severe secondary infection 3 months after the last treatment.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2009

The incidence of coexisting hyperparathyroidism and empty sella syndrome is rare and the etiology end incidence of their coexistence is not known. The association of hyperparathyroidism and the empty sella syndrome may be related to multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndrome due to a genetic disorder. We experienced a rare case of hyperparathyroidism presenting as acute pancreatitis combined with empty sella. We report here a 37-year old female who manifested epigastric pain because of acute pancreatitis. She had hypercalcemia due to parathyroid adenoma. A pituitary gland was not visible in the sella turcica on MRI scans. On genetic analysis, she did not show a mutation of the MENIN gene. Empty sella is thought to be a coincidental finding with hyperparathyroidism.

• The Korean journal of internal medicine
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.1084-1092
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• 2018

Background/Aims: There has been no evidence for the necessity of endoscopy in asymptomatic young men with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). To determine whether endoscopy should be recommended in asymptomatic young men with IDA, we compared the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) lesions between young men (< 50 years) with IDA and those without IDA. Methods: We conducted a case-control study on asymptomatic young men aged < 50 years who underwent both esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy as part of a health checkup between 2010 and 2014. Results: Of 77,864 participants, 128 (0.16%) had IDA and 512 subjects without IDA were matched for several variables including age. Young men with IDA had a significantly higher proportion of colorectal cancer (CRC) (0.8% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.045), villous adenoma (0.8% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.045), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; 2.3% vs. 0.4%, p = 0.025) than those without IDA. Additionally, the prevalence of advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACRN) tended to be higher in subjects with IDA than in those without IDA (3.1% vs. 1.0%, p = 0.084). The prevalence of significant lower GI lesions including ACRN and IBD was higher in subjects with IDA than in those without IDA (5.5% vs. 1.4%, p = 0.011). Regarding upper GI lesions, a positive association with IDA was observed only for gastric ulcer (4.7% vs. 1.0%, p = 0.011). Conclusions: GI lesions including CRC, villous adenoma, IBD, and gastric ulcer were more common in asymptomatic young men with IDA. Our results suggest that EGD and particularly colonoscopy should be recommended even in asymptomatic young men with IDA.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.202-215
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• 2022

The androgen receptor (AR) is an important therapeutic target for treating prostate cancer (PCa). Moreover, there is an increasing need for understanding the AR-independent progression of tumor cells such as neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). Menin, which is encoded by multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), serves as a direct link between AR and the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) complex in PCa development by activating AR target genes through histone H3 lysine 4 methylation. Although menin is a critical component of AR signaling, its tumorigenic role in AR-independent PCa cells remains unknown. Here, we compared the role of menin in AR-positive and AR-negative PCa cells via RNAi-mediated or pharmacological inhibition of menin. We demonstrated that menin was involved in tumor cell growth and metastasis in PCa cells with low or deficient levels of AR. The inhibition of menin significantly diminished the growth of PCa cells and induced apoptosis, regardless of the presence of AR. Additionally, transcriptome analysis showed that the expression of many metastasis-associated genes was perturbed by menin inhibition in AR-negative DU145 cells. Furthermore, wound-healing assay results showed that menin promoted cell migration in AR-independent cellular contexts. Overall, these findings suggest a critical function of menin in tumorigenesis and provide a rationale for drug development against menin toward targeting high-risk metastatic PCa, especially those independent of AR.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.158-163
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• 2023

A 9-year-old spayed female Shih-Tzu was presented with a mass on the upper eyelid of the right eye (OD). The eyelid mass continued to enlarge along the eyelid margin and the eyelid skin. Throughout the follow-up examinations, the mass did not affect the palpebral conjunctiva OD. Until 9 months since the mass was first identified, the dog did not show any clinical signs related to the mass. However, after 11 months, the owner complained of the dog's discomfort on OD and decided on surgical excision of the mass. There were no abnormalities in the complete blood count and serum chemistry profiles. The pentagonal resection was performed to completely remove the mass in the eyelid. There were no suspicious findings of metastasis on whole-body computed tomography scan immediately before the surgery. On histopathology and immunohistochemistry for multiple myeloma oncogene-1, the eyelid mass was diagnosed as extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP). Surgical margin of the mass was clearly cut. No recurrence was observed during the 5-month follow-up. EMPs on the eyelid have rarely been reported in dogs. Although EMP is a benign tumor, the mass showed invasive growth and grew toward the skin rather than the palpebral conjunctiva. No recurrence occurred when surgically removed with clean margins.