Journal of Embryo Transfer (한국수정란이식학회지)

The Korean Society of Embryo Transfer (한국수정란이식학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Evaluation of Mammary Gland Calcification in Dogs; Radiography and Computed Tomography

  • Kim, Soochan (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Kwon, Kyunghun (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Choi, Hojung (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Youngwon (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University)
  • Received : 2017.08.31
  • Accepted : 2017.09.12
  • Published : 2017.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The mammary gland tumor (MGT) is the most common neoplasia in intact female dogs. Of these, 50% are malignant and metastasis to the other sites are often occurred. Therefore, it is very important for decision of treatment plan and prognosis to differentiate benign tumor from malignancies. Calcification of MGT is a very important imaging finding. The purpose of this study was to investigate the radiological and computed tomographic images of the MGT and the morphology and distribution of calcifications in the MGT using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System classification. A total of 42 dogs with MGT were included in this study. The dogs were divided into two groups into benign and malignant groups based upon histologic or cytologic results. The appearance of calcification in the tumor on radiographs and CT images was analyzed for the HU value of pre- and post-contrast injection, margin, surface, and shape of the tumor and the lymph node abnormalities. On radiographs, the positive predictive value of malignant and benign tumors was 72.72 and 85.71%, respectively. On CT examinations, the positive predictive value of malignant and benign tumors was the same value of 83.33%. The maximum diameter of the tumor and the presence of abnormal lymph nodes on CT images showed a strong correlation with malignancies. Therefore, it is thought that radiographs and CT provide useful information for evaluating MGT in dogs.

Keywords

References

  1. American College of Radiology. 2003. ACR BI-RADSMammography. ACR breast imaging reporting and data system, breast imaging atlas. 1-176.
  2. Boone JM, Kwan AL, Yang K, Burkett GW, Lindfors KK, and Nelson TR. 2006. Computed tomography for imaging the breast. J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia. 11:103-111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10911-006-9017-1
  3. Burkill GJC, Allen SD, A'hern RP, Gore ME, and King DM. 2009. Significance of tumour calcification in ovarian carcinoma. Br. J. Radiol. 82:640-644. https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr/12716831
  4. Feliciano MAR, Vicente WRR, and Silva MAM. 2012. Conventional and Doppler ultrasound for the differentiation of benign and malignant canine mammary tumours. J. Small Anim. Pract. 53:332-337. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.2012.01227.x
  5. Ferreira E, Bertagnolli AC, Cavalcanti MF, Schmitt FC, and Cassali GD. 2009. The relationship between tumour size and expression of prognostic markers in benign and malignant canine mammary tumours. Vet. Comp. Oncol. 7:230-235. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5829.2009.00193.x
  6. Han D, Gwak G, Han S, Kim JY, Park K, Cho H, Yang G, Bae B, and Kim K. 2011. Diagnostic value of preoperative sonographic evaluation for axillary lymph node metastases in breast cancer patients. Korean J. Clin. Oncol. 7:60-65. https://doi.org/10.14216/kjco.11010
  7. Kurzman ID, and Gilbertson SR. 1986. Prognostic factors in canine mammary tumors. Semin. Vet. Med. Surg. (small animal). 1:25-32.
  8. Macewen GE, Harvey JH, Patnaik AK, Mooney S, Hayes A, Kurzman I, and Hardy WD. 1985. Evaluation of effects of levamisole and surgery on canine mammary cancer. J. Biol. Response Mod. 4:418-426.
  9. Misdorp W. 2002. Tumors of the mammary gland, in Tumors in Domestic Animals. 4th ed, Iowa State Press, Iowa 575-606.
  10. Mohammed, SI, Meloni GB, Pinna PM, Marras V, Burrai GP, Meloni F, Pirino S, and Antuofermo E. 2011. Mammography and ultrasound imaging of preinvasive and invasive canine spontaneous mammary cancer and their similarities to human breast cancer. Cancer Prev. Res. (Phila). 4:1790-1798. https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-11-0084
  11. Muttarak M, Kongmebhol P, and Sukhamwang N. 2009. Breast calcifications: which are malignant? Singapore Med. J. 50:907-914.
  12. Nyman HT, Kristensen AT, Lee MH, Martinussen T, and Mcevoy FJ. 2006. Characterization of canine superficial tumors using gray-scale B Mode, color flow mapping, and spectral Doppler ultrasonography-A multivariate study. Vet. Radiol. & Ultrasound 47:192-198. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2006.00127.x
  13. Nyman HT, Kristensen AT, Skovgaard IM, and Mcevoy FJ. 2005. Characterization of normal and abnormal canine superficial lymph nodes using gray-scale B-mode, color flow mapping, power, and spectral Doppler ultrasonography: A multivariate study. Vet. Radiol. & Ultrasound 46:404-410. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2005.00074.x
  14. Philibert JC., Snyder PW, Glickman N, Glickman LT, Knapp DW, and Waters DJ. 2003. Influence of host factors on survival in dogs with malignant mammary gland tumors. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 17:102-106. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2003.tb01330.x
  15. Polton G. 2009. Mammary tumours in dogs. Irish Vet. J. 62:50-56.
  16. Simon D, Schoenrock D, Nolte I, Baumgartner W, Barron R, and Mischke R. 2009. Cytologic examination of fine needle aspirates from mammary gland tumors in the dog: diagnostic accuracy with comparison to histopathology and association with postoperative outcome. Vet. Clin. Pathol. 38:521-528. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165X.2009.00150.x
  17. Soler M, Dominguez E, Lucas X, Novellas R, Gomes-Coelho KV, Espada Y, and Agut A. 2016. Comparison between ultrasonographic findings of benign and malignant canine mammary gland tumours using B-mode, colour Doppler, power Doppler and spectral Doppler. Res. Vet. Sci. 107:141-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.05.015
  18. Sorenmo KU, Kristiansen VM, Cofone MA, Shofer FS, Breen AM, Langeland M, Mongil CM, Grondahl AM, Teige J, and Goldschmidt MH. 2009. Canine mammary gland tumours; a histological continuum from benign to malignant; clinical and histopathological evidence. Vet. Comp. Oncol. 7:162-172. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5829.2009.00184.x
  19. Soultani C, Patsikas MN, Karayannopoulou M, Jakovljevic S, Chryssogonidis I, Papazoglou L, Papaioannou N, Papadopoulou P, Pavilidou K, Ilia GM, and Kaitzis, DG. 2017. Assessment of sentinel lymph node metastasis in canine mammary gland tumors using computed tomographic indirect lymphography. Vet. Radiol. & Ultrasound 58:186-196. https://doi.org/10.1111/vru.12460
  20. Strandberg JD, and Goodman DG. 1974. Animal model of human disease: canine mammary neoplasia. Am. J. Pathol. 75:225-228.
  21. Tobias, KM, and Johnston SA. 2013. Veterinary surgery: Small animal: 2-Volume Set. Elsevier Health Sciences, pp. 1320-1326
  22. Whitman GJ, Stephens TW, and Hopkins K. 2002. Benign and Malignant Breast Calcifications. Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology 25:1-5.
  23. Withrow SJ, Page R, and Vail DM. 2013. Withrow and MacEwen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology. Elsevier Health Sciences. Philadelphia pp. 538-556.