• Title/Summary/Keyword: neonicotinoid insecticide

검색결과 17건 처리시간 0.019초

Avoidance Behavior of Honey bee, Apis mellifera from Commonly used Fungicides, Acaricides and Insecticides in Apple Orchards

  • Kang, Moonsu;Jung, Chuleui
    • 한국양봉학회지
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    • 제32권4호
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    • pp.295-302
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    • 2017
  • Avoidance behavior is an important life history strategy to survive hazardous environment. The experiment was conducted to detect the avoidance tendency of the honeybee Apis mellifera against commonly used pesticides in apple production. Choice test given only 50% sucrose solution and pesticide-mixed sucrose solution as food estimated the avoidance in laboratory. Most of the acaricides and fungicides tested were shown avoided. Among insecticides, honeybee showed strong avoidance to cyhexatine, carbosulfan and fenpyroximate but low to diflubenzuron, tebufenpyrad, and acrinathrin. Avoidance behavior to neonicotinoid insecticides showed bifurcated; highly avoided from thiacloprid, acetamiprid while less avoided from imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and dinotefuran. From the field study, abamectin, fenthion, amitraz and acequinocyl showed highly avoided while fungicide of fenarimol, acaricides of acrinathrin and phosphamidon, IGR insecticide of diflubenzuron, neonicotinoid insecticide of imidacloprid, and carbamate insecticide of carbaryl showed less avoidance in the field. These results partly explained high bee poisoning from carbaryl in apple flowering period, and neonicotinoids during season.

Neonicotinoid 살충제 중독환자의 임상양상 (Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Neonicotinoid Insecticide Poisoning)

  • 김진철;소병학;김한준;김형민;박정호;최세민;박규남;최경호
    • 대한임상독성학회지
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.24-29
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    • 2010
  • Purpose: Neonicotinoid insecticides are widely used as they have been proven by experimental studies to have low toxicity to mammals, including humans. As the use of neonicotioids increases, the number of patients with neonicotinoid poisoning has also increased. We conducted a study to investigate the clinical manifestations of neonicotinid poisoning. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the patients who ingested neonicotinids and who visited the emergency department located in Korea from March 2002 to February 2010. We reviewed the patients' age, gender, the amount of exposure, the elapsed time to presentation, the treatment and the outcome. According to the poisoning severity score, we divided the patients with a Poisoning severity score (PSS) of 0 or 1 into the mild/moderate toxicity group and the patients with a PSS of 2 or 3 into the severe/fatal toxicity group. Results: A total of 24 patients were analyzed. The most common clinical manifestations of neonicotinoid insecticide toxicity were gastrointestinal symptoms (66.7%) such as nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain and the others are respiratory symptoms (16.7%), cardiovascular symptoms (12.5%), metabolic imbalance (12.5%), renal dysfunction (8.3%), CNS symptoms (8.3%), and asymptomatic (29.2%). Twenty patients (83.3%) showed mild/moderate toxicity and 4 patients (16.7%) showed fatal conditions such as shock and mutiorgan failure. The mortality rate was 4.2%. In these fatal cases, the patients developed respiratory failure, hypotension, altered mentality and renal failure at the acute stage and they deteriorated to a more serious condition. This severe toxicity was caused by decreased renal excretion of neonicotinid metabolite, and this was improved after hemodialysis. Conclusion: Most patients with neonicotinoid poisoning and who showed mild toxicity usually improved after symptomatic treatment. However, some patients showed significant toxicity with respiratory failure and renal function deterioration, and intensive care needed, including mechanical ventilation and hemodialysis.

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Comparison of Acute Toxicity of Different Groups of Pesticides to Honey Bee Workers(Apis Mellifera L.)

  • Ulziibayar, Delgermaa;Jung, Chuleui
    • 한국양봉학회지
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    • 제34권4호
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    • pp.305-313
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    • 2019
  • Honey bees (Apis mellifera) forage in agricultural areas, and are exposed to diverse pesticide poisoning. Toxic effects on Apis mellifera of different groups of pesticides were tested in the laboratory; fungicide (Metconazole), herbicide (Glyphosate), acaricide (Amitraz), organophosphate insecticide(Fenitrothion) and neonicotinoid insecticides(Thiacloprid, Thiamethoxam, Imidacloprid, Acetamiprid, Dinotefuran and Clothianidin). Commercial formulations were serially diluted from the recommended concentration (RC) to 10-6 times to carry out feeding and contact tests. Toxicity was transformed into lethal dose (LD50) and hazard question (HQ). The acute toxicity of pesticides showed similar patterns between feeding and contact tests. But feeding tests showed greater toxic to honey bee than contact test. The organophosphate and nitro-neonicotinoid insecticides were highly toxic with HQ values ranging greater than 1. However, cyano-neonicotinoids of Thiacloprid and Acetamiprid showed low toxicity. Even at the RC, 24 hr mortalities were 18 and 30%. The acaricide (Amitraz) showed intermediate level of toxicity at RC but negligible at the concentration lower than 10-1 times. A fungicide(Metconazole) and herbicide(Glyphosate) showed minimal impacts. The results imply that the selective use of pesticides could help conservation of pollinators in agricultural production systems.

꽃노랑총채벌레 종합방제 - 화학농약 처리 후 안정적 천적 투입 시기 (Integral Pest Management of the Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis: Optimal Time to Introduce a Natural Predator after Chemical Insecticide Treatment)

  • 김철영;이동현;이동희;함은혜;김용균
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제61권4호
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    • pp.519-528
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    • 2022
  • 시설재배지 고추를 가해하는 꽃노랑총채벌레(Frankliniella occidentalis)를 대상으로 미끌애꽃노린재(Orius laevigatus)를 이용한 생물적 방제가 검토되고 있다. 그러나 대상 해충의 빠른 집단 성장은 화학 살충제의 투입이 때에 따라 요구된다. 본 연구는 화학 살충제와 천적의 이상적 종합 방제를 구현하기 위한 목적으로 선택성이 높은 살충제 선발 및 이들 살충제 처리 이후 미끌애꽃노린재의 안전한 재투입 시기를 결정하기 위해 수행되었다. 첫째로 꽃노랑총채벌레에 방제 효과가 높은 상용 살충제가 선발되었다. 총 17종류의 상용 살충제 가운데 5종류(pyriproxyfen+spinetoram, abamectin, spinosad, acetamiprid, chlorpyrifos) 주성분을 갖는 상용 살충제가 꽃노랑총채벌레에 우수한 방제효과를 주는 약제로 선발되었다. 이들 5종류의 살충제에 대해서 미끌애꽃노린재의 감수성 반응은 꽃노랑총채벌레와 상이하였다. 특별히 아바멕틴과 스피네토람이 유기인계 또는 네오니코티노이드에 비해 상대적으로 낮은 독성을 보였다. 이들 5종류의 살충제 처리 이후 잔류 독성을 미끌애꽃노린재를 이용하여 생물검정한 결과 유기인계 및 네오니코티노이드 약제는 비교적 오랜 기간 독성을 유지하지만, 아바멕틴과 스피네토람 약제의 경우 3일 이후에는 대상 천적에 피해를 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 잔류독성결과는 LC-MS/MS를 이용한 농약 잔류량 화학분석을 통해 뒷받침되었다. 이상의 결과는 높은 밀도로 증가한 꽃노랑총채벌레에 대해서 이 해충에 살충성이 높은 아바멕틴 또는 스피네토람의 약제를 살포하고 이후 3일 지나 미끌애꽃노린재의 투입을 통해 대상 해충의 평균 밀도를 경제적피해수준 이하로 유지할 수 있다는 종합방제 기술을 제시하고 있다.

QuEChERS 기반 동시분석법을 이용한 국내 유통 축산물 중 Imidacloprid 총잔류량 평가 (Evaluation of Total Residues of Imidacloprid in Livestock Products from Domestic Markets by using a Simultaneous Analytical Method Based on QuEChERS)

  • 이승원;윤지현;김지유;임다정;조형욱;문준관;곽혜민;장희라;김인선
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제42권3호
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    • pp.220-230
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    • 2023
  • Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide widely used for insect control in a variety of crops. The evaluation of imidacloprid total residues in animal feeds derived from crop by-products is required to ensure the safety of livestock products. We performed simultaneous LC/MS/MS analyses of imidacloprid and its metabolites in five different livestock products including beef, pork, chicken, milk and egg from domestic markets. The methods for sample preparation and instrumental analysis were established by modifying QuEChERS method to meet the Codex guidelines. The methods generated 0.0035 mg/kg of the limit of determination (LOD), 0.01 mg/kg of the limit of quantitation (LOQ) and standard calibration linearity with >0.983 of the coefficients of determination (R2). The methods exhibited the recovery values of imidacloprid and its metabolites ranging from 65.66 to 119.27% without any interference between matrices. Imidacloprid total residues in the livestock products were found as values lower than the LOQ and maximum residue limits (MRLs). This study suggests that the methods are successfully applicable for the safety evaluation of imidacloprid total residues in livestock products from domestic markets.

Sources, Components, Structure, Catalytic Mechanism and Applications: a Critical Review on Nicotinate Dehydrogenase

  • Zhi Chen;Xiangjing Xu;Xin Ju;Lishi Yan;Liangzhi Li;Lin Yang
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제33권6호
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    • pp.707-714
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    • 2023
  • Plant-derived insecticide-neonicotinoid insecticides (NIs) played a crucial role in the development of agriculture and food industry in recent years. Nevertheless, synthesis of these nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds with an effective and greener routing remains challenging especially to the notion raise of "green chemistry" and "atom economy". While bio-catalyzed methods mediated by nicotinate dehydrogenase (NDHase) then provide an alternative. The current review mainly focuses on the introduction of sources, components, structure, catalytic mechanism and applications of NDHase. Specifically, NDHase is known as nicotinic acid hydroxylase and the sources principally derived from phylum Proteobacteria. In addition, NDHase requires the participation of the electron respiratory chain system on the cell membrane. And the most important components of the electron respiratory chain are hydrogen carrier, which is mainly composed of iron-sulfur proteins (Fe-S), flavin dehydrogenase (FAD), molybdenum binding protein and cytochromes. Heterologous expression studies were hampered by the plasmid and host with high efficiency and currently only Pseudomonas entomophila L48 as well as Comamonas testosterone was successfully utilized for the expression of NDHase. Furthermore, it is speculated that the conjugate and inductive effects of the substituent group at position 3 of the substrate pyridine ring exerts a critical role in the hydroxylation reactions at position 6 concerning about the substrate molecular recognition mechanism. Finally, applications of NDHase are addressed in terms of pesticide industry and wastewater treatment. On conclusion, this critical review would not only deepen our understanding of the theory about NDHase, but also provides the guideline for future investigation of NDHase.

배추좀나방에 대한 프루텔고치벌과 미생물농약의 통합생물방제 (An Integrated Biological Control Using an Endoparasitoid Wasp (Cotesia plutellae) and a Microbial Insecticide (Bacillus thuringiensis) against the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella)

  • 김규순;김현;박영욱;김길하;김용균
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제52권1호
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    • pp.35-43
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    • 2013
  • 국내 배추좀나방(Plutella xylostella) 집단은 피레스로이드 농약에 대해서 저항성을 보이며, 이는 이 살충제의 작용점인 소듐이온채널 유전자의 돌연변이에 기인된다. 더욱이 배추좀나방은 대부분 상용화된 살충제에 대해서 저항성을 발달시킬 수 있다. 본 연구는 배추좀나방을 효과적으로 방제하기 위해 내부기생성 천적인 프루텔고치벌(Cotesia plutellae)과 미생물농약인 Bacillus thuringiensis의 혼합처리 기술을 개발하기 위해 수행되었다. 프루텔고치벌이 감수성과 저항성 배추좀나방에 대한 기생 선호성에 차등이 있는 지 조사하기 위해 다섯 개 서로 다른 집단에 대해서 살충제 감수성과 프루텔고치벌 기생성 차이를 비교하였다. 이들 배추좀나방 집단들은 피레스로이드, 유기인계, 네오니코틴계 및 곤충성장조절제를 포함하는 세 종류의 상용 살충제에 대한 약제 감수성에서 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 그러나 이들 집단들은 프루텔고치벌에 의한 기생률에서는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 더욱이 기생된 배추좀나방은 B. thuringiensis에 대해서 감수성이 증가되었다. 프루텔고치벌이 갖는 면역억제인자 가운데 바이러스 유래 ankyrin 유전자(vankyrin)를 비기생된 배추좀나방에 발현시켰다. Vankyrin의 발현은 배추좀나방 3령충의 B. thuringiensis에 대한 감수성을 현격하게 증가시켰다. 즉, 프루텔고치벌에 의해 야기된 면역저하가 B. thuringiensis의 살충력을 증가시켰다. 이러한 결과들은 프루텔고치벌과 미생물농약인 B. thuringiensis의 혼합처리가 살충제 저항성 배추좀나방을 효과적으로 방제할 수 있다고 제시하고 있다.

경기지역에서 담배가루이의 발생 및 약제반응 (Occurrence of Sweet-potato Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and Its Response to Insecticide in Gyeonggi Area)

  • 이영수;김진영;홍순성;박정안;박홍현
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제51권4호
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    • pp.377-382
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    • 2012
  • 경기지역에서 담배가루이의 발생 및 약제반응을 조사하였다. 담배가루이는 13개 시군에서 발생되었으며, 유전자(16S rRNA, MtCOI) 분석결과, 고양시 일부지역은 biotype B와 Q가 혼재되었으나, 그 밖의 지역에서 2005부터 국내 발생이 보고되었던 biotype Q로 나타났다. 채집곤충 및 기주식물의 total DNA에 대해 PCR을 통한 염기서열 분석과 southern hybridization 분석 결과 모든 지역에서 Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus(TYLCV)는 검출되지 않았다. 5개 지역에서 채집한 6 개체군의 담배가루이를 실내사육하면서 유묘검정법으로 성충에 대한 살충제 감수성을 검정한 결과, 지역별로 다소 차이는 있었지만 네오니코티노이드계 약제의 경우 biotype B에게 높은 살충활성을 나타낸 반면 biotype Q에게는 상대적으로 낮은 살충활성을 나타내었다.

오이총채벌레의 약제 저항성 진단을 위한 판별농도 기반 생물검정법 확립 (Establishment of Discriminating Concentration based Assessment for Insecticide Resistance Monitoring of Palm thrips)

  • 전성욱;박부용;박세근;이상구;류현주;이상범;정인홍
    • 환경생물
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    • 제35권4호
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    • pp.557-565
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    • 2017
  • 오이총채벌레의 약제저항성 발달 양상을 조사하기 위하여 엽침지법을 이용한 생물검정을 실시하였다. 국내 7개 재배 시설지역에서 오이총채벌레를 채집하였고 9개 시험 약제를 선정하고 가장 효과적인 약효 판별 시간 및 단일 약량기반 판별 농도를 설정하여 약제반응을 조사하였다. 추천 농도(recommended concentration, RC)에서의 약제별 판별 시간은 emamectin benzoate EC 및 spinetoram SC는 처리 후 24시간, chlorfenapyr EC는 48시간, spinosad SC, cyantraniliprole EC, acetamiprid WP, dinotefuran WG, imidacloprid WP, thiacloprid SC는 72시간으로 설정하였다. 판별 농도(discriminating concetration, DC)는 7개 오이총채벌레 계통의 추천 농도에서 살충력을 조사한 결과 지역별 약제반응의 차이를 관찰할 수 없는 경우에는 처리 약량을 줄이거나 늘려 지역별 차이를 볼 수 있는 농도로 설정하였다. 약제별 판별 농도는 emamectin benzoate EC $0.013mg\;L^{-1}$ (RC, $10.8mg\;L^{-1}$), spinetoram SC는 $0.125mg\;L^{-1}$ (RC, $25.0mg\;L^{-1}$), chlorfenapyr EC는 $0.25mg\;L^{-1}$ (RC, $50.0mg\;L^{-1}$), Spinosad SC는 $0.083mg\;L^{-1}$ (RC, $50.0mg\;L^{-1}$), cyantraniliprole EC는 $5.0mg\;L^{-1}$ (RC, $50.0mg\;L^{-1}$)으로 설정하였고, 네오이코티노이드 계통인 acetamiprid WP (RC, $40.0mg\;L^{-1}$), dinotefuran WG (RC, $20.0mg\;L^{-1}$), imidacloprid WP (RC, $50.0mg\;L^{-1}$), thiacloprid SC(RC, $50.0mg\;L^{-1}$)는 추천 농도를 판별 농도로 설정하였다. 설정된 판별 농도와 판별 시간을 적용하여 생물 검정을 실시한 결과, acetamiprid를 포함한 4종의 네오니코티노이드계 약제에서는 모든 지역에서 저항성이 발달되고 있어 약제저항성 관리가 필요할 것으로 판단되었다. 그밖에 emamectin benzoate 등 5종 약제는 추천 농도에서 살충력이 모든 지역에서 100%를 보여 약제저항성은 아직 발달되지 않았다. 제시된 약제 효율 판별 시간 및 판별 농도 기준 단일 약량 생물검정법을 활용한 지속적인 모니터링을 실시한다면 국내 오이총채벌레의 약제저항성 동태 추적 및 약제저항성 관리에 크게 도움이 될 것이다.

Inspection of the Fragmentation Pathway for Thiamethoxam

  • Son, Sunwoong;Kim, Byungjoo;Ahn, Soenghee
    • Mass Spectrometry Letters
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    • 제8권3호
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    • pp.65-68
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    • 2017
  • Thiamethoxam is one of the main suspect in honeybee colony collapse disorder (CCD). Due to this reason, thiamethoxam including imidacloprid and clothianidin has been banned for two years in some Europe countries. The CCD phenomenon has also been reported in Korea. Regarding this issue and needs, a new project has started to develop the method for the quatitation of thiamethoxam using isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS). In the process of optimization for the IDMS method with thiamethoxam and $thiamethoxam-d_3$, we observed that the fragment peaks did not correspond to the fragmentation pathway as published elsewhere. Here, we proposed a candidate fragmentation pathway. To validate the proposed fragmentation pathway, another isotope analogue, $thiamethoxam-d_4$, was introduced and the MS/MS spectra of both isotope analogues were compared. In addition, the MS/MS/MS spectra of thiamethoxam were inspected for more evidence of the candidate pathway. Those spectra indicated that the proposed fragmentation pathway could be used to assign the fragment peaks of thiamethoxam.