• 생명과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.375-382
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• 2003

본 연구는 콩 cyst 선충 race 14에 대한 저항성 QTLs 구명을 목적으로 한 바 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 회귀분석 결과 30개의 marker들(29 RAPD, 1 RFLP)에서 cyst 선충 race 14의 저항성에 대한 유의성이 인정되었다. 2. MAPMAKER/QTL 분석 결과 2개의 QTL들이 구명되었는데, 이 QTL들은 2개의 linkage groups (LGC-7와 LGC-9)에 위치하였으며, 모두 우성유전 양상을 나타내었다. 3. 다중회귀분석 결과 2개의 marker들($B15^2$와 $H06^1$)로 구성된 조합에서 가장 높은 표현적 변이의 값(22.9%)을 나타내었다. 콩 cyst 선충 rare 14에 대한 표현적 변이를 충분히 설명하기 위해서는 지속적인 QTL 구명 연구가 요구된다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2019

선충 포식성곰팡이는 유기물에서 번식하다가 양분이 부족해지면 특수 기관을 형성하여 선충을 포획하고 선충으로부터 양분을 섭취하기 때문에 토양 내 동물계와 먹이사슬을 이루며 생태계에서 중요한 부분을 차지한다. 본 연구에서는 끈끈이그물형 포식기관을 가진 3종, Arthrobotrys oligospora, A. sinensis, A. thaumasia과 수축성올가미형 포식기관을 가진 Drechslerella brochopaga 1종 등 4종의 선충 포식성곰팡이의 식세균성선충 9종, 식균성선충 1종, 식물기생성선충 2종 등 총 12종의 선충류에 대한 포식력을 검정하였다. 4종의 포식성곰팡이에 모두 감수성인 선충은 식물기생성선충 2종류(Meloidogyne incognita, Pratylenchus penetrans), Rhabditidae에 속하는 P. strongyloides, Mesorhabditis irregularis이었고 접종 4일 후부터 선충을 포식하였으며, 선충 내부로 곰팡이가 번식하여 15일째에는 거의 선충의 형태를 알아볼 수 없을 정도였다. 반면, Cephlobidae에 속하는 Acrobeloides spp., A. avenae는 4종의 포식성곰팡이에 모두 저항성을 보였으며 15일 후 관찰하였을 때, 접종배지 내에 선충 수가 초기접종 밀도와 같거나 오히려 2-3배 정도까지 번식되었다. 나머지 선충 종들은 포식성곰팡이 종류에 따라 감수성에 다소간 차이가 있었다. 본 연구결과, 선충 포식성곰팡이가 선충 종에 따라 특이적으로 반응하였으며 이러한 기주특이성을 이용하여 식물기생성선충의 친환경적 방제를 위한 하나의 수단으로 이용될 수 있다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.401-408
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• 2012

Initial subcellular responses in susceptible (PI 274420) and resistant (cv. Hartwig) soybeans infected with the soybean cyst nematode (SCN) were examined 2 and 4 days after inoculation (DAI). Subcellular features common to both soybeans at 2 DAI included hypertrophied initial syncytial cells (ISCs) and syncytium-component cells (SCs) with a dense cytoplasm containing proliferated rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (RER and SER), a hypertrophied nucleolus, and reduced vacuoles, suggesting that the nematode-infected cells were dedifferentiated. In the resistant soybean, a striking initial subcellular difference from the susceptible soybean was the dilation of the RER, indicating ER dysfunction and leading to cell death. This disturbed nematode feeding, as evidenced by disrupted feeding tubes. In PI 274420, the ISC cytoplasm was depleted, with the exception of ER membranes, at 4 DAI, while the SC cytoplasm was dense with proliferation of starch-containing plastids around multiple nuclei that might be derived from the congregation of nuclei in the neighboring SCs and in part by nuclear division without cytokinesis. In cv. Hartwig, syncytia were necrotized with secondary cell wall thickening outside the plasma membrane and an extremely dense cytoplasm containing a nucleus with an electron-lucent nucleolus, accompanied by the proliferation of closely stacked parallel RER and ribosomes. These results suggest that syncytia develop continuously in PI 274420 to produce and store nutritional substances in SCs, providing for the nematode through ISC until maturation, but in cv. Hartwig, syncytia degenerate early due to excessive metabolism, blocking nematode feeding and cytoplasmic connections with adjacent intact cells.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.413-420
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• 2017

사탕무씨스트선충(Heterodera schachtii)은 최근 우리나라의 배추 재배지의 문제선충이다. 본 연구는 사탕무씨스트선충의 밀도와 배추의 묘령이 사탕무씨스트선충의 증식에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 수행하였다. 접종농도가 높은(4마리 유충 또는 알/g 토양) 처리에서 씨스트 수나 암컷 또는 알 수가 유의하게 높았다. 40일 묘령 배추에 고밀도 선충 접종 시 30일이나 60일 후 다른 어린 묘령 배추(파종처리, 20일묘, 30일묘)에 비하여 증식 선충 밀도가 높았다. 높은 선충 밀도 조건에 묘령이 오래 된 모종 식재 시 선충 증식율이 높기 때문에 사탕무씨스트선충 관리를 위해서는 정식 모종의 묘령 고려가 필요하다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.1117-1123
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• 2019

Control of pine wilt disease, which is caused by pine wilt nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is heavily dependent on the use of chemicals such as abamectin. Although such chemicals are highly effective, demands for alternatives that are derived preferentially from natural sources, are increasing out of environmental concerns. One of the challenges to discovery of alternative control agents is lack of fast and efficient screening method that can be used in a high-throughput manner. Here we described the development of colorimetric assay for the rapid and accurate screening of candidate nematicidal compounds/biologics targeting B. xylophilus. Contrary to the conventional method, which relies on laborious visual inspection and counting of nematode population under microscope, our method utilizes a redox dye that changes its color in response to metabolic activity of nematode population in a given sample. In this work, we optimized parameters of our colorimetric assay including number of nematodes and amount of redox dye, and tested applicability of our assay for screening of chemicals and biologics. We demonstrated that our colorimetric assay can be applied to rapid and accurate quantification of nematode viability/mortality in a nematode population treated with candidate chemicals/biologics. Application of our method would facilitate high-throughput endeavors aiming at finding environment-friendly control agents for deadly disease of pine trees.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.389-403
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• 2016

사탕무씨스트선충(Heterodera schachtii)의 피해가 2011년에 배추 주산지인 강원도 지역에서 확인되었다. 이 선충은 암컷이 씨스트를 형성하는 특성을 가지므로 농약에 의한 효과적인 방제가 어렵다. 따라서 사탕무시스트선충에 대한 비기주 작물을 선정하여 감염지역의 배추를 대체할 작물을 추천하고자 총 17과(科) 276품종의 식물에 대한 사탕무씨스트선충의 저항성을 검정하였다. 사탕무씨스트선충 접종 후 씨스트 발생 정도에 따라 감수성(susceptible), 중감수성(moderately susceptible), 저항성/비기주(resistant/immune)로 구분하였다. 검정 결과 감수성 106품종, 중감수성 40품종, 저항성/비기주 130품종으로 구분되었다. 씨스트가 전혀 형성되지 않은 작물은 가지, 토마토, 상추, 들깨, 당근, 셀러리, 수박, 참외, 오이, 호박, 부추, 양파, 파, 도라지, 더덕, 잔대, 콩 등이었다. 가지과, 국화과, 명아주과, 화본과 작물은 작물 및 품종에 따라 약감수성 또는 저항성/비기주 식물이 혼재하였다. 본 시험에서 사탕무씨스트선충이 전혀 발생하지 않아 저항성/비기주식물로 밝혀진 130품종은 사탕무씨스트선충 감염지의 배추를 대체할 작목을 추천하는데 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2003

Five seed kernel namely, Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.), Pongamia (Pongamia glabra L. Pierre), Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.), Mahua (Madhuca indica Gmel.) and Shikakai (Acacia cancinna De.) were tested against hatching of eggs and larval mortality of Meloidogyne incognita causing root knot disease in mulberry along with Furadan (Carbofuran) and Bionema (a bioformulation developed from Verticillium chlamydosporium) for comparison. Results revealed that highest hush-up of hatching was observed in Neem (77.40%) and Pongamia (75.99%) seed kernel extracts at 100% concentration over the check. Similarly, highest larval mortality was observed in Neem and Pongamia by 76.00% and 74.50%, respectively at 100% concentration after 72 hrs of exposure period. Pot culture studies revealed that pre-application of seed kernel powders (20 days before inoculation of nematode) found to be more effective in controlling the root knot disease than post application. In pre application of seed kernel powders, maximum reduction of root knots was observed in case of Neem seed kernel powder (54.85%) followed by Pongamia (51.9%). Similar trend was also observed in reduction of egg masses/plant and nematode population ／250 cc soil. Rest of the seed kernel extracts was found to be less effective in suppression of hatching, enhancing the larval mortality and controlling the root knot disease. However, application of Furadan and Bionema tested for the comparison were found to be more effective than seed kernel powders. The generated information seems to be useful in developing an ecofriendly integrated approach for the control of root knot nematode disease in mulberry.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2007

For developing an integrated eco-friendly package against root knot disease complex of mulberry caused by the association of Meloidogyne incognita with Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum causing serious loss in terms of leaf yield and quality during cultivation, twenty botanical extracts at 5, 10 & 20% concentrations were screened under in vitro conditions. Among the extracts, Allium sativum followed by Lasownia inermis were found to be effective at 20% concentration against both the virulent fungi and nematode. Both the extracts reduced the mycelial growth of virulent fungi to an extent of 76-100%, inhibited the hatching of nematode eggs by 80-90% and 76-85% larval mortality over the control. The other extracts were found either moderately or poorly effective in reducing the growth of fungi, hatching of nematode eggs and enhancing the mortality of larvae. The two effective botanical extracts, which rated as strong inhibitors against both nematode and virulent fungi, can be utilized in developing an integrated ecofriendly technology for better management of root knot disease complex in mulberry.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.359-359
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• 2017

A new soybean cyst nematode, H. sojae was reported from Korea in 2016. This species is closely related to H. glycines which has the same host plant. Morphological observations of the cyst, female, male and second-stage juveniles indicated that this species is differed from H. glycines. Especially, cysts of H. sojae appeared more round, shining and darker than that of H. glycines. The distribution of this new cyst nematode in soybean field in Korea is unknown so far. In 2016, 270 soil samples were collected from soybean fields and examined the existence of H. glycines and H. sojae. Total of 111 samples contained cysts (41.1%). Among them 77% were H. glycines and 23% were H. sojae. H. sojae is future threatening in soybean production area.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제94권5호통권162호
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• pp.334-337
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• 2005

Pine wood nematode isolates from Haman, Gyoungsangnam-do were cryopreserved with three different cryoprotectants (glycerol, ethylene glycol and dimethylsulfoxide), Nematode Growth medium (NGM) and M 9 buffer solution, respectively, and then survival rate, reproduction ability, and pathogenicity of stored nematodes were compared. Survival rates of juvenile was excellent in 15% glycerol solution as $72{\pm}5.3%$. The survival ability of nematodes at juvenile stage was more efficient than that of nematodes at adult stage. Pre-incubation treatment at $4^{\circ}C$ before storing in liquid nitrogen didn't affect the survival ability of pine wood nematode. When the reproduction ability of nematodes was confirmed on Botrytis cinerea agar plates at $28^{\circ}C$ incubator, there was no difference between cryopreserved and non-cryopreserved. Pathogenic ability of cryopreserved nematodes was also evaluated and confirmed by artificially inoculating them on 2-year old red pine seedlings.