• MALSORI
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• no.60
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• pp.29-45
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• 2006

We investigated whether the first syllable plays an important role in lexical access in Korean visual word recognition. To do so, one lexical decision task (LDT) and two form primed LDT experiments examined the nature of the syllabic neighborhood effect. In Experiment 1, the syllabic neighborhood density and the syllabic neighborhood frequency was manipulated. The results showed that lexical decision latencies were only influenced by the syllabic neighborhood frequency. The purpose of experiment 2 was to confirm the results of experiment 1 with form-primed LDT task. The lexical decision latency was slower in form-related condition compared to form-unrelated condition. The effect of syllabic neighborhood density was significant only in form-related condition. This means that the first syllable plays an important role in the sub-lexical process. In Experiment 3, we conducted another form-primed LDT task manipulating the number of syllabic neighbors in words with higher frequency neighborhood. The interaction of syllabic neighborhood density and form relation was significant. This result confirmed that the words with higher frequency neighborhood are more inhibited by neighbors sharing the first syllable than words with no higher frequency neighborhood in the lexical level. These findings suggest that the first syllable is the unit of neighborhood and the unit of representation in sub-lexical representation is syllable in Korea.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.259-266
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• 2005

Recently much attention has been paid to the effect of neighborhood characteristics on the health of individuals, independent of individual demographic and/or socioeconomic characteristics. Although many empirical studies of a kind, mostly based on Western society, have appeared on various international journals, few studies have shown empirical evidence of neighborhood characteristics as an independent and significant risk factor of ill health in Korea. This paper discusses possible reasons that neighborhood seems to be neither significant nor substantial regarding its impact on the health of Koreans. Addressing the uniqueness of Korean society regarding the concept of neighborhood, attributes of neighborhoods, and methodological challenges, authors suggest that more sophisticated conceptual and methodological approach, specific to Korean society, should enable to reveal the effect of neighborhood characteristics on individual health in Korea.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.117-120
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• 2006

This paper examined two hypotheses. Firstly, if the first syllable of word play an important role in visual word recognition, it may be the unit of word neighbor. Secondly, if the first syllable is the unit of lexical access, the neighborhood size effect and the neighborhood frequency effect would appear in a lexical decision task and a form primed lexical decision task. We conducted two experiments. Experiment 1 showed that words had large neighbors made a inhibitory effect in the LDT(lexical decision task). Experiment 2 showed the interaction between the neighborhood frequency effectand the word form similarity in the form primed LDT. We concluded that the first syllable in Korean words might be the unit of word neighborhood and play a central role in a lexical access.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.3-20
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a segmentation unit for a Korean noun is a 'syllable' and whether the process of segmenting spoken words occurs at the lexical level. A syllable monitoring task was administered which required participants to detect an auditorily presented target from visually presented words. In Experiment 1, syllable neighborhood density of high frequency words which can be segmented into both CV-CVC and CVC-VC were controlled. The syllable effect and the neighborhood density effect were significant, and the syllable effect emerged differently depending on the syllable neighborhood density. Similar results were obtained in Experiment 2 where low frequency words were used. The significance of word frequency effect on syllable effect was also examined. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 indicated that the segmentation unit for a Korean noun is indeed a 'syllable', and this process can occur at the lexical level.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 2016

Objective: To prevent adolescent drinking and smoking, this study proposed a strategy based on the ecological perspective. Methods: The study applied multilevel moderated logistic regression analysis on nationally representative individual-level (2,046 9th grade adolescents) and neighborhood-level (92 geographic areas) data. Results: There was a positive association between risky neighborhood environments (e.g., rate of smoking, drinking, and presence of saloon/bars accommodation) and rates of adolescent drinking and smoking. Furthermore, the interplay between risky neighborhood environments and school adjustment pointed to a possible protective effect of a high level of school adjustment in predicting smoking and drinking among adolescents. Conclusion: Findings highlighted the importance of considering multiple neighborhood social contexts surrounding adolescents to understand their risky behavior. Furthermore, positive intervention strategies that focus on adolescents' positive development within the school domain may act to protect adolescents from harmful neighborhood environments.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.105-111
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to empirically analyze the effects of physical environment change on the Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) project implemented in Gamcheon 2 Dong on the fear of crime, neighborhood satisfaction, and neighborhood attachment in the poor. In this study, the data collected through field surveys and questionnaires were analyzed using a structural equation model, specifically the SPSS AMOS 25 program. From the results of the analysis, it was found that the neighborhood satisfaction was enhanced by the improvement in the walking environment and the reduction in the neighborhood disorder level of the target area through the installation of major CPTED facilities. The results of the statistical analysis show that the reduction in the neighborhood disorder due to the CPTED project enhanced the neighborhood satisfaction and the level of neighborhood attachment in the local residents. In addition, the changes in the walking environment caused by the CPTED project had a positive effect on the neighborhood satisfaction, and as the degree of neighborhood disorder decreased, the neighborhood satisfaction increased and the local people's attachment level increased.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.67 no.3
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• pp.57-82
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• 2015

This study examines the extent to which community cohesion moderates the effects of neighborhood disorder on community integration among persons with mental illnesses(MI) who are living in the community. Stress process model, social disorganization theory, and neighborhood disorder model were considered with regard to the moderating effect of community cohesion. 692 persons with MI who utilized Community Mental Health Enhancement Centers were surveyed and analyzed, employing moderated regression model. Major findings showed that neighborhood disorder increased social integration. Community cohesion moderated the relationships of neighborhood disorder to three dimensions of community integration: physical, social and psychological integration. Implications for community intervention beyond the individual and service-level interventions were addressed in order to accomplish community integration for persons with MI.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.92-99
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• 2001

This study analyzed the effects of illumination on psychological accessibility from a view of satisfaction of night use at urban neighborhood park for actual night users. For this, we have classified the effects of illumination as five sampled independent variables from 12 effects of illumination, and tested the relationship with satisfaction of night use of a dependent variable by multiple regression analysis. The results of this study are as follows; 1) The effects of illumination for night use at urban neighborhood park were divided into five factors; (1) direct effect, (2) effect of promoting use, (3) effect of ensuring security, (4) effect of preparing landscape in the night time, and (5) psychological effect. Among independent variables indicating characteristics of effects of each illumination, uneasiness at night use was high. 2) In a multiple regression model, when other conditions were not changed, the value of security of night use (X\ulcorner) had maximumly an affect on the value of dependent. And, the value of danger to meet the depraved(X\ulcorner) had minimally an affect on the value of dependent variable. 3) For the contribution of security of nigh use(X\ulcorner) and brightness of present using space(X$_4$) to satisfaction of night use(Y) of dependent variable, they had a nearly equal effect on that, and showed about 2 times importance compared to familiarity with park(X\ulcorner) and the beauty of park(X\ulcorner). Also, they showed about 7 times contribution to satisfaction of night use compared to danger to meet the depraved(X\ulcorner), which had minimally an affect on the value of dependent variable, as the most important variables. 4) For the effects of illumination on satisfaction of night use, the effect of ensuring security - pursues security of park for the general rather than security for the specific class or subject - and direct effect to offer proper brightness in using space relatively affected on it much compared to psychological effect, effect of preparing landscape in night time, and effect of promoting use. A research on the psychological effects among the variables related to illumination as well as physical circumstances such as the height, location, direction of illumination should be studied.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.54-67
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• 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was threefold, to longitudinally examine the risk of habitual smoking onset in adolescents, to delineate the effects of neighborhood characteristics and friends' smoking status on the habitual smoking onset, and to investigate whether the association between friends' smoking status and habitual smoking onset was moderated by neighborhood characteristics. Methods: This study conducted multilevel discrete-time survival analysis, using cohort data from the 3rd to 6th waves of the Korean Child and Youth Panel Survey, which excluded habitual smokers, matched with 2010 census data on respondents' residence. Results: Habitual smoking onset risk increased from the 8th to the 11th grade, and then slightly decreased from the 11th to the 12th grade. Friends' smoking status (B = 0.60, p < .001), smoking rate (B = 0.06, p = .038), and the number of tobacco outlets in the respondents' neighborhood (B = 0.51, p = .003) were positively associated with habitual smoking onset risk. Furthermore, the association between friends' smoking status and habitual smoking onset risk was moderated by the number of tobacco outlets in the neighborhood. Specifically, the association was stronger in neighborhoods with more tobacco outlets (B = 0.58, p = .048). Conclusion: Friends' smoking status and living in neighborhoods that are more susceptible to smoking increase the risk of habitual smoking. The number of tobacco outlets in the neighborhood enhances the peer effect of adolescent's smoking behavior. Therefore, policies or interventions designed to reduce youth's tobacco use should focus on not only on reducing peer smoking, but also restricting smoking by adults and the number of neighborhood tobacco outlets.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.59-63
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• 2009

This study has the purpose to reveal the differences of residents' level of satisfaction & demand of neighborhood environment and recognized residents' importance level & improvement priority of neighborhood environment at new 3 residential areas in the middle-sized city. The 3 residential areas had differentiated development concepts; (1) residential area in the downtown (2) government-residence compound area in the downtown and (3) industry-residence compound area in the outskirts. Followings are the results of the study. 1) It is different that importance level which have effect on satisfaction of neighborhood environment according to the 3 residential areas. 2) In terms of improvement priority residents present higher preference on location. In terms of improvement priority is different according to the 3 residential areas.