• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 2019

This paper investigates the effects of TPP on Korean domestic employment. Using data from 1995-2011 obtained from the world input-output database (WIOD) and firm-level data, this paper attempts to identify changes in global value chain (GVC) structures involving Korea and TPP member countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Three stage least squares estimation is employed, and empirical findings show that there exists a statistically positive and significant causal relationship between GVC and domestic manufacturing employment. The positive impacts of TPP on Korean domestic employment suggest that Korea actively encourage TPP negotiation. TPP will bring positive domestic employment effects and opportunities for structural transformation in the manufacturing and services industries in Korea.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.37 no.2 s.71
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• pp.85-109
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• 2006

This study is aimed to investigate the structure of world pollack markets and the position/competitiveness or Korea for WTO/NAMA Negotiation. First or all, it is clearly pointed out that many limitations and problems are inherent in FAO statistics that is widely utilized to investigate the structure of international seafood markets. Especially, it is impossible to find not only the data for Russia that is the top production and export country of pollack, but also the data for importing/exporting countries for pollack. In order to make up for these problems, the data for export and import of major countries are collected and analyzed. The results of analysis show the followings. First, it is clearly investigated that classification of fish products are different for countries. Second, it is understood the structure of international pollack market in actuality. The pollack market is segmented by frozen, fresh, dried, fillet, roe, surimi, etc. In addition, the pollack market has grown as much as 600,000 tons in amount and $1.2billion in value. Third, competitiveness of Korea in international pollack markets is measured quantitatively. It shows that Korea has low RAC index and TSI index, but high RMI index. Thus, it is identified that Korea becomes the largest pollack importing country. Fourth, the partial equilibrium analysis on pollack import market of Korea indicates that the frozen pollack has both price elasticity and substitution elasticity, while the fresh pollack has income elasticity.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.455-467
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• 2008

We need to reflect the establishment of meaning and level of 'proof and argumentation in middle school mathematics'. It should be considered as human activity through communication in community. Thus, we should design instruction from this standpoint. From this point of view, we had been operated 'Geometry Inquiry Class' aimed at middle school students in eighth grade for two years to improve current geometry class in middle school. In this study, we will observe how individual students' original proof schemes are developed and accepted to the class through the process of mutual negotiation between the teacher and students. The episode with four phases begins with the initial proof schemes students have offered. Through the negotiation of class participants, it gives birth to the proof scheme unique to the current geometry classroom. Why do we pay attention to the process? It is because we think that the value of this type of instruction lies in the process of communication and mutual understanding and mutual reference, not in the completeness of the final product. This is the very appropriate proof in the middle school mathematics classroom.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.70-76
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• 1999

Rice farming is not only the most important income resources of Korean farmers but also the roots of Korean traditional culture. Paddy fields have acted as an food supply base but also have contributed to the public multi-functions such as flood control, water conservation, controlling soil erosion, providing recreational and resting spaces, water purification, air cleaning, oxygen supply and air cooling and so on. The public multi-functions of paddy except rice production have not been evaluated before UR negotiation and starting WTO system. Under the drastic changes of rice economic settings as price decrease of rice and downward decrease of farm income, Korean and Japanese farmers might have lost their intention to grow rice in paddy fields without the direct payment system to compensate rice income decrease. To adapt the direct payment system, the total public value of multi-function of paddy should be identified in terms of money. According to the research results, the total value of multi-functional value of paddy in Korea were estimated 21,596thousand won which is higher than rice production value by 2.1 times. On the other hand the total value of Japanese paddy were amounted to 21,390 Yen which is more than that of Korea by 10times outstandingly. Likewise Japanese have evaluated the paddy field very important enterprise from the view point of food security and multi -functions of paddy to their socio-economic life and environmental sustainability in Japan.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.55-66
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• 1993

Although the Pontryagin's maximum principle theory is widely applied in control problems, its contribution to the solution procedure have been restricted just to figure out the rough picture of true solutions, probably due to the complexity of the two-point boundary value problems. This paper discusses a numerical approach to solve the control problems in connection with the two -point boundary value problems. A model of labor management negotiation during a strike has been constructed and solved explicitly by us of DVCPR subroutine introduced in IMSL. The results have been turned out that the management is better increase wage very slowly during the strike period, while , on the labor side, it is more effective to show the high intensity of demonstration against the company at the outset and gradually decrease it.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.105-134
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• 2008

Local opposition and protest constitute single greatest hurdle to the siting of locally unwanted land uses(LULUs), especially siting of high-level radioactive disposal not only throughout Korea but also throughout the industrialized world. It can be attributed mainly to the NIMBYism, equity problem, and lack of participation. These problems are arisen from rational planning process which emphasizes instrumental rationality. But planning is a value-laden political activity, in which substantive rationality is central. To achieve this goals, we need a sound planning process for siting LULUs, which should improve the ability of citizens to influence the decisions that affects them. By a sound planning process, we mean one that is open to citizen input and contains accurate and complete information. In other word, the public is also part of the goal setting process and, as the information and analyses developed by the planners are evaluated by the public, strategies for solutions can be developed through consensus-building. This method is called as a co-operative siting process, and must be structured in order to arrive at publicly acceptable decisions. The followings are decided by consensus-building method. 1. Negotiation will be held? 2. What is the benefits and risks of negotiation? 3. What are solutions when collisions between national interests and local ones come into? 4. What are the agendas? 5. What is the community' role in site selection? 6. Are there incentives to negotiation. 7. Who are the parties to the negotiation? 8. Who will represent the community? 9. What groundwork of negotiation is set up? 10. How do we assure that the community access to information and expert? 11. What happens if negotiation is failed? 12. Is it necessary to trust each other in negotiations? 13. Is a mediator needed in negotiations?

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.145-162
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• 2008

One of the big concerns in e-society is privacy issue. In special, in developing robust ubiquitous smart space and corresponding services, user profile and preference are collected by the service providers. Privacy issue would be more critical in context-aware services simply because most of the context data themselves are private information: user's current location, current schedule, friends nearby and even her/his health data. To realize the potential of ubiquitous smart space, the systems embedded in the space should corporate personal privacy preferences. When the users invoke a set of services, they are asked to allow the service providers or smart space to make use of personal information which is related to privacy concerns. For this reason, the users unhappily provide the personal information or even deny to get served. On the other side, service provider needs personal information as rich as possible with minimal personal information to discern royal and trustworthy customers and those who are not. It would be desirable to enlarge the allowable personal information complying with the service provider's request, whereas minimizing service provider's requiring personal information which is not allowed to be submitted and user's submitting information which is of no value to the service provider. In special, if any personal information required by the service provider is not allowed, service will not be provided to the user. P3P (Platform for Privacy Preferences) has been regarded as one of the promising alternatives to preserve the personal information in the course of electronic transactions. However, P3P mainly focuses on preserving the buyers' personal information. From time to time, the service provider's business data should be protected from the unintended usage from the buyers. Moreover, even though the user's privacy preference could depend on the context happened to the user, legacy P3P does not handle the contextual change of privacy preferences. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to propose a mutual P3P-based negotiation mechanism. To do so, service provider's privacy concern is considered as well as the users'. User's privacy policy on the service provider's information also should be informed to the service providers before the service begins. Second, privacy policy is contextually designed according to the user's current context because the nomadic user's privacy concern structure may be altered contextually. Hence, the methodology includes mutual privacy policy and personalization. Overall framework of the mechanism and new code of ethics is described in section 2. Pervasive platform for mutual P3P considers user type and context field, which involves current activity, location, social context, objects nearby and physical environments. Our mutual P3P includes the privacy preference not only for the buyers but also the sellers, that is, service providers. Negotiation methodology for mutual P3P is proposed in section 3. Based on the fact that privacy concern occurs when there are needs for information access and at the same time those for information hiding. Our mechanism was implemented based on an actual shopping mall to increase the feasibility of the idea proposed in this paper. A shopping service is assumed as a context-aware service, and data groups for the service are enumerated. The privacy policy for each data group is represented as APPEL format. To examine the performance of the example service, in section 4, simulation approach is adopted in this paper. For the simulation, five data elements are considered: $\cdot$ UserID $\cdot$ User preference $\cdot$ Phone number $\cdot$ Home address $\cdot$ Product information $\cdot$ Service profile. For the negotiation, reputation is selected as a strategic value. Then the following cases are compared: $\cdot$ Legacy P3P is considered $\cdot$ Mutual P3P is considered without strategic value $\cdot$ Mutual P3P is considered with strategic value. The simulation results show that mutual P3P outperforms legacy P3P. Moreover, we could conclude that when mutual P3P is considered with strategic value, performance was better than that of mutual P3P is considered without strategic value in terms of service safety.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.255-275
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• 2023

Trade between South Korea and Malaysia has been steadily increasing since the conclusion of the multilateral Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and South Korea. Bilateral FTAs such as Singapore-South Korea, Vietnam-South Korea, and Indonesia-South Korea came into effect to enhance the economic cooperation between South Korea and major ASEAN countries. However, the bilateral FTA between South Korea and Malaysia, known as Republic of Korea-Malaysia FTA, is still under negotiation. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the economic impact of a possible FTA between these two countries. To examine the economic effects of bilateral FTAs, this study analyzes the trade structure and change in the value of trade between Malaysia and South Korea using panel data analysis. Two significant findings were identified by the analysis. First, the Republic of Korea-Malaysia FTA is expected to promote trade and have a positive effect on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of South Korea. Second, the result of the calculated price elasticity based on substituting figures such as tariff, demand elasticity, and export value is that the value of manufacturing exports is expected to considerably get an increase. Therefore, an early FTA between South Korea and Malaysia would be beneficial for both national economies.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1-18
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• 2023

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to study how flexibility and mutuality in determining trade terms impact logistics efficiency in the context of relational theory. Additionally, the effect of relational contracts on logistical efficiency relative to the value of the goods being traded is investigated. Design/methodology - According to the relational contract theory, we developed 17 factors utilizing a 7-point Likert scale to measure variables related to flexibility, mutuality, logistics efficiency, and the added value of goods. The survey occurred over four months, and was distributed directly, and via email, phone, and online Google surveys. A total of 403 surveys were collected out of 1,800 distributed, and 380 were analyzed. The principal respondents were import/export companies and members of the Korea International Trade Association and the Korea Small and Medium Business Export-Import Association. The collected data were analyzed using frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and correlation analysis using SPSS ver. 26.0 statistical software, and hypothesis test results were derived using Process Macro ver. 3.5. Findings - This study provides evidence that negotiation flexibility for trade terms affects the efficiency of the logistics process, and the mutuality of such arrangements is shown to be associated with the flexibility and efficiency of logistics processes. Additionally, it has been established that companies whose trade goods possess a low degree of added value may experience increased efficiency in logistics operations if they agree to trade terms that are both flexible and mutually beneficial with their counterparts. Originality/value - This study suggests that in an environment of rapidly shifting global logistics and unpredictable related costs, trade companies may be able to improve logistics efficiency by establishing flexible, mutually beneficial trade terms when entering into contracts. Furthermore, it is suggested that companies dealing in low-value-added products may improve the logistical performance of approaching trade from a perspective of relational contracts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.276-286
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• 2009

The main purpose of this research is to analyze economic feasibility of biodegradable sonw crab gill net model project. The results of benefit/cost analysis show that use of the biodegradable gear is economically feasible. Assuming that the rate of gill net lost is 5 percent, net present value was estimated 311,898,282-590,533,375won, benefit-cost ratio 1.816-1.923 and internal rate of return 7.96-10.59%. The development and diffusion of biodegradable fishing gear appear to make a significant contribution to fisheries resource conservation and marine ecosystem protection. In addition, biodegradable gear production firms may have a good opportunity of exporting it to other coastal states, depending on the progress of WTO subsidy negotiation.