• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.38-47
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• 2003

Distributed problem solving is the cooperative solution of problem by a decentralized and loosely couped collection of knowledge-sources (KS's), located in a number of distinct processor nodes. The contract net protocol has been developed to specify problem-solving communication and control for nodes in a distributed problem solver. Task distribution is affected by a negotiation process, a discussion carried on between nodes with tasks to be executed and nodes that may be able to execute tasks In this paper, we present the coordination method among distributed intrusion detection system and firewall by the contract net protocol. The method enhances the intrusion detection performance and provides the communication methods. To mode IDS and firewall, security models hue been hierarchically constructed based on the DEVS (Discrete Event system Specification) formalism. Each ID agent cooperates through the contract net protocol for detecting intrusions. The IDS which detects the intrusion informs to firewall, so the harmful network traffic is blocked. If an agent detects infusions, the agent transfers attacker's information to a firewall. Using this mechanism attacker's packets detected by In can be prevented from damaging the network.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2012

This study aims to suggest the secure indicator of parks and green areas according to the properties of the location. There were 31 study areas where negotiation was finalized from 2001 to 2008. The location types were divided by land use type before development and the ratio of mountainous and constructed parks, the ratio of green change and so forth were analyzed according to the those types. As a result, location types were classified into mountainous type, arable land type, urban district type. In terms of locational property, even though the ratio of parks and green areas was the highest at 24.9% in arable land type, the ratio was not much different from the others. Mountainous type depends on the ratio of mountainous park with 10.5%, and arable land type, and urban district type has high ratio of constructed parks. And, the ratio of green change arable land type is degraded by 32.8% and the ratio of mountainous green change is serious in the mountainous type. As a result of the selection of negotiation indicator, arable land type is closely related to the ratio of parks and green areas and the ratio of green change; mountainous type, the ratio of park and green, the ratio of mountainous green change and the ratio of constructed park and green; urban district type, the ratio of green areas.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.73
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• pp.91-117
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• 2018

In the tribute system controlling international relations of pre-modern East Asia, conciliation diplomacy between royal authorities was a principle of diplomatic relations among each nation. Therefore, capitals where royal authorities really existed were political centers and diplomatic stages at the same time. Notably, diplomatic relations between United Silla and Japan were maintained dually by conciliation diplomacy between royal authorities and practical diplomacy through Dazaihu located in Tsukushi. Tsukushi located at the northwestern tip of Kyushu was a gateway to foreign nations and stronghold in terms of national defense. Amidst an East Asian war named Baek River Battle in 663, the royal court of Daehwa established Dazaihu here because it was necessary for diplomatic and military responses. Dazaihu established as part of diplomatic negotiation not only took diplomatic functions as an official residence since the latter half of the 7thcentury. and but also was used as a stage of official diplomacy between Silla and Japan. Diplomatic negotiation between Silla and Japan through Dazaihu was made in practical methods and such a situation could be confirmed through diplomatic documents exchanged between Silla and Dazaihu in the middle of the 8thcentury. At that time, protocols became an importan tissue.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.439-466
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• 2010

Recently, the world government procurement market has been greatly opened thanks to the WTO Government Procurement Agreement and FTA etc..In spite of that, many companies trying to export their products into overseas procurement market have been still facing many kinds of invisible barriers and practices for restricting the market access. With the survey results, this study aims to suggest strategic and political implications for the exporting companies in the procurement area for preparing the marketing strategy and introducing the export assistance regime and developing the negotiation position in the concerned FTA. This study has showed some kinds of important implications for the export promotion in the area. Firstly, the companies have to try to increase their products competitiveness, to strength efforts for bids information gathering, to use special program for the foreign companies in some countries. Secondly, the Korean Government also has to try to establish a realistic system for gathering many information about the foreign government procurement market, to assist the companies's export marketing, to introduce the global standards for adapting international technical specifications, and to conclude the FTA agreement with the concerned developing countries in the procurement area etc..

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.87-99
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• 1999

A shop floor control system(SFCS) performs the production activities required to fill orders. In order to effectively control these activities, the autonomous agent-based heterarchical shop floor control architecture is adopted where a supervisor does not exist. In this paper, we define functional perspective of the heterarchical shop floor control using planning, scheduling, and execution modules. In particular, we focus on an execution module that can coordinate the planning and scheduling modules and a general execution module that easily can be modified to execute the other equipment. The execution module can be defined informally as a module that downloads and performs a set of scheduled tasks. The execution module is also responsible for identifying and resolving various errors whether they come from hardware or software. The purpose of this research is to identify all the execution activities and solving techniques under the assumptions of the heterarchical control architecture. And we model the execution module in object-oriented modelling technique for generalization. The execution module modeled in object-oriented concept can be adopted to the other execution module easily. This paper also proposes a classification scheme for execution activities of the heterarchical control architecture. Petri-nets are used as a unified framework for modeling and controlling execution activities. For solving the nonexistence of a supervisor, a negotiation-based solution technique is utilized.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.216-224
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• 2017

In the terrain of the Korean peninsula, mountainous and flat lands are complexly distributed in small areas. Therefore, local severe weather develops and disappears in a short time due to the influence of the terrain. Particularly in the case of local severe weather with heavy wind that has the greatest influence on aviation meteorology, the scale is very small, and it occurs and disappears in a short time, so it is impossible to predict with fragmentary data alone. So, we use weather radar to detect and predict local severe weather. However, due to the development of wireless communication services and the rapid increase of wireless devices, radio wave jamming and interference problems occur. In this research, we confirmed through the cases that when the radio interference echo which is one of the non-precipitation echoes that occur during the operation of the weather radar is displayed in the image, its form and shape are shown in a long bar shape, and have a strong dBZ. We also found the cause of the interference through the radio tracking process, and solved through the frequency channel negotiation and AP output minimizing. The more wireless devices increase as information communication technology develops in the future, the more emphasized the problem of radio wave interference will be, and we must make the radio interference eliminated through the development of the radio interference cancellation algorithm.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.29-36
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• 2007

Recently, Jaiswal et al. proposed a protocol to improve the multi-agent negotiation test-bed which was proposed by Collins et al. Using publish/subscribe system, time-release cryptography and anonymous communication, their protocol gives an improvement on the old one. However, it is shown that the protocol also has some security weaknesses: such as replay data attack and DOS (denial-of-service) attack, anonymity disclosure, collusion between customers and a certain supplier. So proposed protocol reduces DOS attack and avoids replay data attack by providing ticket token and deal sequence number to the supplier. And it is proved that the way that market generates random number to the supplier is better than the supplier do by himself in guaranteeing anonymity. Market publishes interpolating polynomial for sharing the determination process data. It avoids collusion between customer and a certain supplie

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.217-230
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• 2014

This study explores the features of sociocultural context of experiment classes taught by a science subject teacher. Two experiment classes on electric circuit for fifth graders were observed and video recorded. The data was also collected through student interviews and teacher interviews. Using the cultural historical activity theory, we extracted the six sociocultural factors and analyzed their interactions. This study could identify that four features of the sociocultural context of the cases. First, the rules of science classes were not decided by the teacher, but formed and modified through the negotiation between the teacher and students or between the students. Second, elementary students played a game, i.e. 'Countdown game', during their electricity experiments, which had both positive and negative influences on science learning. Third, the science teacher feels a limit on life guidance because of the position as a subject teacher in an elementary school. Lastly, although the science teacher had enough time to prepare science classes, there was no guarantee of the improvement of teaching quality. Based on the results of this study, educational implications are discussed in terms of teaching science experiments and of the science subject teacher system.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.457-464
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• 2016

The most wind farm development process in Korea still have not been defined since the history of the wind farm development experiences are very short compared to EU and other developed countries. Therefore, most wind farm development company and researchers have a lot of trouble to implement the wind farm development and need a guideline for the process. Establishing the wind farm needs a complex processes such as transportation system, construction conditions, natural environment and wind conditions etc. Specially, for the restricted development area, the social negotiation and legal minds are necessary. In the case, the decision making process of suitable wind farm area using GIS tool is very useful. However, before using GIS technique, we should understand the development processes and the items for surveying tools. Recently, suitability analysis of selecting Onshore Wind Farm has been studied to consider exclusion analysis to solve the limited develop condition problem. This paper proposed the onshore wind farm development process which can suitable to Korea wind farm environment based on European guideline with GIS tool. To estimate the processes, the processes are divided into two parts, the basic design and wind farm planning. Next, the planning stages are classified into five stages in which the factors for each step were considered.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.9
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• pp.277-298
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• 1997

Air transportation industry was established on a basis of liability limitation from the outset. Many treaties, however, had to be drafted since 1960' s to meet the need of the Unites States, who argued full compensation without limitation like other torts cases, but most of them were in vain. The Japanese Initiative in 1992, though being aimed to lower a level of compensation in air crash cases to that of other transportation accidents, showed a way to the U.S. how to solve the issue. Instead of obtaining an multilateral agreement through ICAO, the U.S. persuaded IATA to organize intercarrier consensus for voluntary waive the limitation. IATA succeeded in adopting Intercarrier Liability Agreement in 1995, in which carriers agreed not to use Warsaw limitation and accepted strict liability up to 100,000SDRs. Through a series of negotiation to implement the Intercarrier agreement, US DOT tried to insert a domicile standard provision to the agreement which enable US victims to be compensated according to the law of the U.S. regardless of the situation. IATA opposed the intent aggressively. The U.S. set back to the starting point remaining issues for further discussion. The liability limitation under the Warsaw system is being collapsed. It is the result of a simple logic; liability limitation cannot be maintained without appropriate compensation.