• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.208-215
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• 1988

To investigate the experimental effects of Chunwangboshimdan which have been widely used for aterial or auricular flutter, neurosis, insomnia and disease caused by cardiac malfunction, we have done the effects on the central nervous and cardiovascular system. The result as follow; It inhibited the convulsion induced by caffeine, the writhing syndrome induced by acetic acid and the spontaneous movement. Furthermore it prolonged the sleeping time induced by thiopental-Na in mice. It also showed the negative inotropic action on the isolated heart of frog, the vasodilative action as to peripheral bloods of rabbit ear and the hypotensive action in the anesthetized rabbit.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.203-216
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• 1995

The effects of ${\alpha}_1-adrenergic$ receptor stimulation on membrane potential, intracellular $Na^+$ activity, and twitch force were investigated in ventricular muscles from guinea-pig hearts. Action potentials, intracellular $Na^+$ activity, and twitch force of ventricular papillary muscles were measured simultaneously under various experimental conditions. Stimulation of the ${\alpha}_1-adrenergic$ receptor by phenylephrine produced variable changes in action potential duration, a slight hyperpolarization of the diastolic membrane potential, a decrease in intracellular $Na^+$ activity, and a biphasic inotropic response in which a transient negative inotropic response was followed by a sustained positive inotropic response. These changes were blocked by prazosin, an antagonist of the ${\alpha}_1-adrenergic$ receptor, but not by atenolol, an antagonist of the ${\beta}-adrenergic$ receptor. This indicates that the changes in membrane potential, intracellular $Na^+$ activity, and twitch force are mediated by stimulation of the ${\alpha}_1-adrenergic$ receptor, but not by stimulation of ${\beta}-adrenergic$ receptor. The decrease in intracellular $Na^+$ activity was not observed in quiescent muscles, depending on the rate of the action pontentials in beating muscles. The intracellular $Na^+$ activity decrease was substantially inhibited by tetrodotoxin. However, the decrease in intracellular $Na^+$ activity was not affected by an inhibition of the $Na^+-K^+$ pump. Therefore, the decrease in intracellular $Na^+$ activity mediated by the ${\alpha}_1-adrenergic$ receptor appears to be due to a reduction of $Na^+$ influx during the action potential, perhaps through tetrodotoxin sensitive $Na^+$ channels. Our study also revealed that the decrease in intracellular $Na^+$ activity might be related to the transient negative inotropic response. The intracellular $Na^+$ activity decrease could lower intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ through the $Na^+-Ca^{2+}$ exchanger and thereby produce a decline in twitch force.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.241-248
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• 1987

Woohwangchungsim-Won has been widely used for the treatment of appoplexy, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, insomnia and cerebrovascular accident, etc in oriental hospital and pharmacy. In order to investigate the efficacy of Woohwangchungsim-Won, the water extract of it were bioassayed for isolated ileum, blood vessels, blood pressure, heart and diuresis. The results of this studies were as follows; Spontaneous motilities of isolated ileum of mice were strongly suppressed, and contraction of isolated ileum of mice and guinea-pigs induced by acetylcholine chloride, barium chloride and histamine were inhibited. Vaso-dilating action due to vascular smooth muscle relaxation in frogs and rabbits, and hypotensive action in anesthetized rabbits were noted. Negative inotropic action on the isolated frog heart and diuretic effect in rabbits were shown.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.2 no.1 s.2
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• pp.21-29
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• 1966

Dichloroisoproterenol(DCI) i; one of the well known ${\beta}$-adrenergic receptor blocking agents. According to Moran and Perkins, DCI has sympathomimetic like action in relatively low concentrations. Fleming and Hawkins confirmed that DCI acts upon the receptors concerned with positive chronotropic and inotropic actions in the heart. Vogins reported that DCI, in concentration of $5{\times}10^{-8}$ to $5{\times}10^{-6}g/ml$, had properties of sympathomimetic amine causing positive inotropic and chronotropic actions in normal rat atria. And James and Nadeau found that DCI had not only adrenergic blocking effect in moderate and higher concentrations, but it also blocked the effect on the sinus node by vagal stimulation and of directly administered acetylcholine in higher concentrations. As stated above by many authors, DCI has complicated actions according to its concentrations. Our aim at the present experiments was to study the effects of DCI to the action of ouabain and acetylcholine upon the excised rabbit atria, as well as to the action of barium chloride and acetylcholine upon the excised rabbit intestine. In addition, Pan ax Ginseng is widely used as tonics in oriental nations, its pharmacological action, however, has not been clearly established. So we atempted to investigate the effects of the water extract of Panax Ginseng to the action of ouabain and DCI upon both atria and intestine. The results obtained were as follows. 1) DCI has a negative inotropic effect on the excised rabbit atria at concentration of $10^{-5}$ and a positive inotropic effect at concentration of $10^{-6}$. 2) DCI (at concentration of $10^{-6}$) potentiates the positive inotropic effect of ouabain upon the excised rabbit atria. 3) DCI antagonizes the action of acetylcholine upon the excised rabbit atria. 4) The water extract of Panax Ginseng, at concentration of $10^{-3}$, decreases the contractile force of rabbit atria, and tends to slightly increase that of rabbit atria at $10^{-4}$. 5) The water extract of Panax Ginseng exhibits a synergistic action with ouabain on the contractile force of rabbit atria. 6) DCI, in concentrations of $10^{-7}{\sim}10^{-6}$, depresses the tone and amplitude of contraction of the excised rabbit intestine. The depression of the intestinal tone markedly appears in pretreatment with reserpine 2mg/kg 24 hours. 7) DCI antagonizes the contractile effect of barium chloride on the excised rabbit atria. 8) DCI has no significant influence on the action of acetylcholine upon the excised rabbit intestine. 9) The series of those evidences indicates that DCI has a sympathomimetic-like action and more over a relaxing action directly on the excised rabbit intestine. 10) The water extract of Panax Ginseng in concentrations of $10^{-4}{\sim}10^{-3}$, has transient depression of the intestinal tone, but later gradually recovers its normal motility: 11) The water extract of Panax Ginseng has a synergistic action with ouabain on the intestinal contractility.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.263-271
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• 1986

In order to investigate experimentally the clinical effects of Taeksa-Tang that was prescribed to cure the severe dizziness, the water extract of Taeksa-Tang was experimented about the effects on the diuretic action, the serum lipid, the isolated ileum and heart, the blood vessel, the blood pressure and respiration. The results of this study were obtained as follows: The diuretic action was significantly shown in rabbits. The level of total cholesterol, triglyceride and phopholipid in serum of rabbits given high cholesterol diet were significantly decreased. The contraction of the isolated ileum of mice induced by acetylcholine chloride and barium chloride was remarkably inhibited. The vasodilating and hypotensive actions were noted in rabbits. Negative inotropic action on the isolated frog heart was recognized.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.272-279
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• 1986

This study was conducted about the effect of Shihogesikungang-tang on the central nervous system and cardiovascular system for the investigation of its clinical effect based on the Oriental medicinal references. The results of this study were summerized as follows; Analgesic activity as evaluated by the writhing syndrome in mice was significantly noted. A decrease effect of the spontaneous movement as estimated by wheel cage method, muscle relaxant effect as evaluated by the rotor rod method and the prolonged effect of sleeping time induced by thiopental-Na were significantly shown in mice. A antipyretic activity in febrile rats induced by the endotoxin was recognized. Anti-inflammatory effect in carrageen-induced paw edema in rats was significantly noted. Negative inotropic action on the isolated heart of frogs was noted. A vasodilative action in rabbits peripheral blood vessels and hypotension in anesthetized rabbits were remarkably recognized.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.237-250
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• 1999

In order to investigate the pharmacologic properties of New Wonbang Woohwangchungsimwon Pill(NSCH), effects of Wonbang Woohwangchungsimwon Pill (SCH) and NSCH were compared using various experimental models. In rat aorta, NSCH and SCH made the relaxation of blood vessels in maximum contractile response to phenylephrine (10-6 M) regardless to endothelium containing or denuded rings of the rat aorta. Furthermore, the presence of the inhibitors of NO synthase and guanylate cyclase did not affect significantly the relaxing effects of NSCH and SCH. NSCH and SCH inhibited the vascular contractions induced by acetylcholine, prostaglandin endoperoxide or peroxide in a dose-dependent manner. In conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), NSCH and SCH decreased significantly heart rate. These, at high doses, had a negative inotropic effects that was a decrease of left ventricular developed pressure and (-dp/dt)/(+dp/dt) in the isolated perfused rat hearts, and also decreased the contractile force and heart rate in the isolated rat right atria. In guinea-pig papillary muscle, these had no effects on parameters of action potential such as action potential amplitude (APA), $V_{max}$ and resting membrane potential (RMP) at low doses, whereas inhibitory the cardiac contractility at high doses. Furthermore, these had a significant inhibitory effects on palpitation of the heart in normotensive rats and SHRs. These had a significant inhibitory effects on palpitation of the heart in normotensive rats and SHRs. These results suggest that NSCH and SCH have weak cardiovascular effects, and that there is no significant differences between cardiovascular effects of two preparations.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.9-16
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• 1983

The effect of higenamine upon the interval-strength relationship was kinetically analyzed, and compared them with epinephrine and calcium ion. The followings are result obtained : 1) Polyphasic patterns were seen by all agents applied on the interval-force curve of rabbit atrial muscle. 2) Higenamine, unlike calcium ion, increased the amount of PIEA produced per beat dose-dependently and scarcely affected the disappearance of NIEA. 3) Higenamine appeared to similar pattern with epinephrine in augmenting the PIEA, not affecting the NIEA. 4) Calcium ion slightly influenced the PIEA, rather hastened the disappearance of NIEA. From these result the positive inotropic action of higenamine was attributed solely to increment of PIEA.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.66-78
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• 1999

In order to investigate the pharmacological properties of New Wonbang Woohwangchungsimwon Liquid (NSCL), effects of Wonbang Woohwangchungsimwon Liquid (SCL) and NSCL were compared. In isolated rat aorta, NSCL and SCL showed the relaxation of blood vessels in maximum contractile response to phenylephrine (10$^{-6}$ M) regardless to intact endothelium or denuded rings of the rat aorta. Furthermore, the presences of the inhibitor of NO synthase and guanylate cyclase did not affect the relaxing effect of NSCL and SCL. NSCL and SCL inhibited the vascular contractions induced by acetylcholine, prostaglandin endoperoxide or peroxide in a dose-dependent manner. In conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), NSCL and SCL significantly decreased heart rate. NSCL and SCL, at high doses, had a negative inotropic effect that was a decrease of left ventricular developed pressure and (-dp/dt)/(+dp/dt) in the isolated perfused rat hearts, and also decreased the contractile force and heart rate in the isolated rat right atria. In excised guinea-pig papillary muscle, NSCL and SCL had no effects on parameters of action potential such as resting membrane potential, action potential amplitude, APD$_{90}$ and V$_{max}$ at low doses, whereas inhibited the cardiac contractility at high doses. These results suggested that NSCL and SCL have weak cardiovascular effects with relaxation of blood vessels and decrease of heart rate, and that this effect is no significant differences between cardiovascular effects of two preparations.s.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.10 no.1 s.15
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• pp.21-39
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• 1974

Certain metabolic aspects of halothane's cardiac depressant action on the contractility of the myocardium were elucidated from a sudy of the effect of pyruvate on halothane-depressed rat atria. Approximately 6 mg% halothane was required to maintain a 50% depression of the contractility of rat atria suspended in a modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate glucose medium, pH 7.4, $30^{\circ}C$ for a 2 hr. period. Pyruvate was found to restore partially the contractility of halothane-depressed atria. The maximally effective concentration of pyruvate was 2.5 mM. There was minimal pyruvate effect on the force of contraction of control atria. The effect of pyruvate on halothane-depressed atria was shown to be due to the pyruvate and not the sodium ion of the sodium pyruvate. Pyruvate was found to produce no increase in the contractility of atria depressed by hypertonic medium, but caused a further depression. Selected aspects regarding the action of halothane on glucose metabolism in myocardial cells are discussed. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that at least a part of the negative inotropic action of halothane is due to an inhibition of glucose uptake or utilization in the glycolytic pathway.