• 제목/요약/키워드: negative confidence

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일부 지역 초등학교 고학년의 채소 선호 영향 요인 : 사회인지이론을 기반으로 (Factors affecting preference of vegetable in elementary school students: based on social cognitive theory)

  • 차수현;류호경
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제52권3호
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    • pp.285-296
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    • 2019
  • 본 연구는 초등학생의 채소 섭취 부족 문제를 개선하고자, 사회인지론을 기반으로 초등학생의 채소 선호도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 알아보고 실제 영양교육 시 활용할 수 있는 기초자료를 제공하여 초등학생의 올바른 식습관 정립과 채소 섭취 증진에 도움이 되고자 한다. 조사는 2018년 6월 한달 간 초등학교 5~6학년 177명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 조사대상자는 남학생은 54.2%, 여학생은 45.8%이었으며 그 중 5학년이 27.7%, 6학년이 72.3%로 6학년의 비율이 높았다. 채소선호도에 대해 '좋아한다', '매우 좋아한다'고 응답한 아동을 채소선호군으로, '싫어한다'와 '매우 싫어한다'라고 응답한 아동을 채소비선호군으로 분류하였다. 사회인지론의 개인적 요인에 있어 긍정적 결과기대와 자아효능감은 채소선호군이 채소비선호군에 비해 모든 항목에서 유의적으로 높은 점수를 보였다. 부정적 장애 요인에서는 모든 항목에서 채소비선호군의 점수가 채소선호군에 비해 유의적으로 높았고, 특히 채소는 맛이 없다는 것이 가장 큰 장애요인이었다. 행동적 요인에 있어서는 채소에 관한 영양지식은 군 간의 차이 없이 모두 높은 점수를 보였으나, 실천도에 있어서는 낮은 값을 보여 채소섭취에 대한 실천도가 부족함을 알 수 있었다. 환경적 요인에 있어서 사회적 환경인 주변인에서는 채소선호군이 채소비선호군에 비해 유의적으로 점수가 높아 주변인의 충고를 받아들일 용의가 높음을 알 수 있었고, 가장 영향력 있는 사람은 의사와 부모님이었다. 물리적 환경에서는 모든 항목에서 채소선호군의 점수가 높아 채소선호군에 속한 아동이 채소에 대한 접근성이 높은 환경에 있음을 알 수 있었다. 사회인지론의 요인들과 채소선호도와의 상관분석과 회귀분석을 실시한 결과 사회인지론의 요인들 중 영양지식을 제외한 모든 요인들이 채소선호도와 유의적인 상관관계를 나타냈으며, 주변인 (p < 0.01), 행동실천도 (p < 0.01) 및 자아효능감 (p < 0.05) 등이 채소선호도에 정 (+)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 초등학생의 채소 선호도를 높이고 채소 섭취를 증가시키기 위해서는 영양중재활동을 통해 단순히 영양지식을 제공하기보다는 채소를 먹음으로써 나타나는 긍정적 결과 기대를 높이고, 채소가 맛이 없다는 것에 대한 부정적인 생각을 변화시키고, 채소를 잘 먹을 수 있다는 자신감을 고취시키며, 의사와 부모님 등 주변인들의 적극적인 격려가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

소규모 기독교 대학의 서비스러닝 질적사례 연구: 서비스러닝 효과와 학습정서를 중심으로 (A Qualitative Case Study of Service Learning in Small Christian Universities : Focusing on service learning effect and learning emotion)

  • 김현우;이정미
    • 기독교교육논총
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    • 제71권
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    • pp.61-96
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    • 2022
  • 본 연구는 지방의 소규모 기독교 대학에서 기독교 교육이념의 구현을 위하여 개설된 서비스러닝 운영 과정에서 나타난 서비스러닝의 교육적 효과와 학습정서의 변화 분석을 통해 보다 효과적으로 서비스러닝 운영하기 위한 방안을 탐색하고자 하였다. J대학교의 2022학년도 1학기 서비스러닝에 참여한 수강생의 성찰일지를 중심으로 NVivo11을 활용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과, 서비스러닝을 통해 개인 측면에서 개인역량의 성장, 자기성찰과 변화의지, 자아존중감 및 자기효능감, 사회 및 시민 측면에서는 사회적 책임감의 제고, 지역사회(공동체) 공감 및 참여의식 향상, 타인에 대한 이해의 폭 증가 등의 교육적 효과가 도출되었다. 또 서비스러닝 과정에서 나타난 학습정서로는, 감사, 도전과제 인식, 자부심, 자신감, 책임감 등의 긍정적 정서와 걱정(어려움), 속상함, 아쉬움, 어색함 등의 부정적 정서가 있었다. 서비스러닝 과정에서 나타난 학습정서를 기초로 교육적 효과를 높이기 위한 방안으로, 서비스러닝 운영시 방문기관에서의 봉사기간을 6주 이상으로 늘리고 계획단계에서 긴밀한 상호작용과 교육적 환경에 대한 세밀한 분석에 기초하여 계획을 수립하고 운영할 것을 제안한다. 또 기관방문 이전에 강의실에서 시연과 모의발표 등을 통해 담당교수 및 동료들의 피드백 받는 기회를 갖고, 최종적으로 서비스러닝의 결과발표 이후에 기관 재방문의 기회를 갖는다면 보다 질적인 서비스러닝 교육이 운영될 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구의 결과를 기초로 실제적이고 정교한 교육과정의 설계와 운영으로 학습자들에게 보다 가치 있고 유의미한 서비스러닝 교육의 기회가 제공되기를 기대해본다.

Unenhanced Breast MRI With Diffusion-Weighted Imaging for Breast Cancer Detection: Effects of Training on Performance and Agreement of Subspecialty Radiologists

  • Yeon Soo Kim;Su Hyun Lee;Soo-Yeon Kim;Eun Sil Kim;Ah Reum Park;Jung Min Chang;Vivian Youngjean Park;Jung Hyun Yoon;Bong Joo Kang;Bo La Yun;Tae Hee Kim;Eun Sook Ko;A Jung Chu;Jin You Kim;Inyoung Youn;Eun Young Chae;Woo Jung Choi;Hee Jeong Kim;Soo Hee Kang;Su Min Ha;Woo Kyung Moon
    • Korean Journal of Radiology
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.11-23
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    • 2024
  • Objective: To investigate whether reader training improves the performance and agreement of radiologists in interpreting unenhanced breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Materials and Methods: A study of 96 breasts (35 cancers, 24 benign, and 37 negative) in 48 asymptomatic women was performed between June 2019 and October 2020. High-resolution DWI with b-values of 0, 800, and 1200 sec/mm2 was performed using a 3.0-T system. Sixteen breast radiologists independently reviewed the DWI, apparent diffusion coefficient maps, and T1-weighted MRI scans and recorded the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category for each breast. After a 2-h training session and a 5-month washout period, they re-evaluated the BI-RADS categories. A BI-RADS category of 4 (lesions with at least two suspicious criteria) or 5 (more than two suspicious criteria) was considered positive. The per-breast diagnostic performance of each reader was compared between the first and second reviews. Inter-reader agreement was evaluated using a multi-rater κ analysis and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: Before training, the mean sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the 16 readers were 70.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 59.4-79.9), 90.8% (95% CI: 85.6-94.2), and 83.5% (95% CI: 78.6-87.4), respectively. After training, significant improvements in specificity (95.2%; 95% CI: 90.8-97.5; P = 0.001) and accuracy (85.9%; 95% CI: 80.9-89.8; P = 0.01) were observed, but no difference in sensitivity (69.8%; 95% CI: 58.1-79.4; P = 0.58) was observed. Regarding inter-reader agreement, the κ values were 0.57 (95% CI: 0.52-0.63) before training and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.62-0.74) after training, with a difference of 0.11 (95% CI: 0.02-0.18; P = 0.01). The ICC was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.69-0.74) before training and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.76-0.80) after training (P = 0.002). Conclusion: Brief reader training improved the performance and agreement of interpretations by breast radiologists using unenhanced MRI with DWI.

소셜 미디어에서 정보공유를 위한 애착의 매개역할: 사회적 자본이론 관점 (Mediating Roles of Attachment for Information Sharing in Social Media: Social Capital Theory Perspective)

  • 정남호;한희정;구철모
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.101-123
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    • 2012
  • Currently, Social Media, it has widely a renown keyword and its related social trends and businesses have been fastly applied into various contexts. Social media has become an important research area for scholars interested in online technologies and cyber space and their social impacts. Social media is not only including web-based services but also mobile-based application services that allow people to share various style information and knowledge through online connection. Social media users have tendency to common identity- and bond-attachment through interactions such as 'thumbs up', 'reply note', 'forwarding', which may have driven from various factors and may result in delivering information, sharing knowledge, and specific experiences et al. Even further, almost of all social media sites provide and connect unknown strangers depending on shared interests, political views, or enjoyable activities, and other stuffs incorporating the creation of contents, which provides benefits to users. As fast developing digital devices including smartphone, tablet PC, internet based blogging, and photo and video clips, scholars desperately have began to study regarding diverse issues connecting human beings' motivations and the behavioral results which may be articulated by the format of antecedents as well as consequences related to contents that people create via social media. Social media such as Facebook, Twitter, or Cyworld users are more and more getting close each other and build up their relationships by a different style. In this sense, people use social media as tools for maintain pre-existing network, creating new people socially, and at the same time, explicitly find some business opportunities using personal and unlimited public networks. In terms of theory in explaining this phenomenon, social capital is a concept that describes the benefits one receives from one's relationship with others. Thereby, social media use is closely related to the form and connected of people, which is a bridge that can be able to achieve informational benefits of a heterogeneous network of people and common identity- and bonding-attachment which emphasizes emotional benefits from community members or friend group. Social capital would be resources accumulated through the relationships among people, which can be considered as an investment in social relations with expected returns and may achieve benefits from the greater access to and use of resources embedded in social networks. Social media using for their social capital has vastly been adopted in a cyber world, however, there has been little explaining the phenomenon theoretically how people may take advantages or opportunities through interaction among people, why people may interactively give willingness to help or their answers. The individual consciously express themselves in an online space, so called, common identity- or bonding-attachments. Common-identity attachment is the focus of the weak ties, which are loose connections between individuals who may provide useful information or new perspectives for one another but typically not emotional support, whereas common-bonding attachment is explained that between individuals in tightly-knit, emotionally close relationship such as family and close friends. The common identify- and bonding-attachment are mainly studying on-offline setting, which individual convey an impression to others that are expressed to own interest to others. Thus, individuals expect to meet other people and are trying to behave self-presentation engaging in opposite partners accordingly. As developing social media, individuals are motivated to disclose self-disclosures of open and honest using diverse cues such as verbal and nonverbal and pictorial and video files to their friends as well as passing strangers. Social media context, common identity- and bond-attachment for self-presentation seems different compared with face-to-face context. In the realm of social media, social users look for self-impression by posting text messages, pictures, video files. Under the digital environments, people interact to work, shop, learn, entertain, and be played. Social media provides increasingly the kinds of intention and behavior in online. Typically, identity and bond social capital through self-presentation is the intentional and tangible component of identity. At social media, people try to engage in others via a desired impression, which can maintain through performing coherent and complementary communications including displaying signs, symbols, brands made of digital stuffs(information, interest, pictures, etc,). In marketing area, consumers traditionally show common-identity as they select clothes, hairstyles, automobiles, logos, and so on, to impress others in any given context in a shopping mall or opera. To examine these social capital and attachment, we combined a social capital theory with an attachment theory into our research model. Our research model focuses on the common identity- and bond-attachment how they are formulated through social capitals: cognitive capital, structural capital, relational capital, and individual characteristics. Thus, we examined that individual online kindness, self-rated expertise, and social relation influence to build common identity- and bond-attachment, and the attachment effects make an impact on both the willingness to help, however, common bond seems not to show directly impact on information sharing. As a result, we discover that the social capital and attachment theories are mainly applicable to the context of social media and usage in the individual networks. We collected sample data of 256 who are using social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and Cyworld and analyzed the suggested hypotheses through the Structural Equation Model by AMOS. This study analyzes the direct and indirect relationship between the social network service usage and outcomes. Antecedents of kindness, confidence of knowledge, social relations are significantly affected to the mediators common identity-and bond attachments, however, interestingly, network externality does not impact, which we assumed that a size of network was a negative because group members would not significantly contribute if the members do not intend to actively interact with each other. The mediating variables had a positive effect on toward willingness to help. Further, common identity attachment has stronger significant on shared information.

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중국 프랜차이즈 시스템에서의 본부와 가맹점간 신뢰의 영향요인 (The Determination of Trust in Franchisor-Franchisee Relationships in China)

  • 신건철;마요곤
    • 마케팅과학연구
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.65-88
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구는 중국 프랜차이즈 시스템에 참여하는 본부와 가맹점 사이의 신뢰에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대해서 규명하고자 하였다. 중국의 외식 프랜차이즈 산업 가맹점을 조사대상으로 한 실증분석 결과, 프랜차이즈 시스템에서는 신뢰의 형성이 매우 중요하며, 이를 위하여 본부의 가맹점에 대한 지원의 강화, 양자 간의 원활한 커뮤니케이션, 가맹점의 과거결과에 대한 만족의 증진, 양자 간의 갈등 예방 및 해소가 필요하며, 이러한 본부의 가맹점에 대한 지원과 원활한 커뮤니케이션이 가맹점의 과거결과에 대한 만족을 증가시킬 수 있고, 원활한 커뮤니케이션이 양자 간의 갈등을 감소시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

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