• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.69.2-69.2
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to examine whether the efflux system for taurine from brain to blood is present on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) using the brain efflux index (BEl) method and taurine transport system is regulated by CNS cell damage with oxidative stress agent such as diethyl maleate (DEM) or tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) in vivo. ［$^3$H]Taurine was microinjected into parietal cortex area 2 (Par2) of the rat brain, and was eliminated from the brain with efflux transport rate of 1.22 10$\^$-2//min, and the process is saturable with a $K_{m}$ of 43.5 ${\mu}$M. (omitted)

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.275-279
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• 2000

Purpose: Radiation damage is produced and viable cell number is reduced. We need to know the type of cell death by the ionizing radiation and the amount and duration of cell cycle arrest. In this study, we want to identified the main cause of the cellular damage in the oral cancer cells and normal keratinocytes with clinically useful radiation dosage. Materials and Methods: Human gingival tissue specimens obtained from healthy volunteers were used for primary culture of the normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOK). Primary NHOK were prepared from separated epithelial tissue and maintained in keratinocyte growth medium containing 0.15 mM calcium and a supplementary growth factor bullet kit. Fadu and Hep-2 cell lines were obtained from KCLB. Cells were irradiated in a /sup 137/Cs γ-irradiator at the dose of 10 Gy. The dose rate was 5.38 Gy/min. The necrotic cell death was examined with Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the culture medium. Every 4 day after irradiation, LDH activities were read and compared control group. Cell cycle phase distribution and preG1-incidence after radiation were analyzed by flow cytometry using Propidium Iodine staining. Cell cycle analysis were carried out with a FAC Star plus flowcytometry (FACS, Becton Dickinson, USA) and DNA histograms were processed with CELLFIT software (Becton Dickinson, USA). Results: LDH activity increased in all of the experimental cells by the times. This pattern could be seen in the non-irradiated cells, and there was no difference between the non-irradiated cells and irradiated cells. We detected an induction of apoptosis after irradiation with a single dose of 10 Gy. The maximal rate of apoptosis ranged from 4.0% to 8.0% 4 days after irradiation. In all experimental cells, we detected G2/M arrest after irradiation with a single dose of 10 Gy. Yet there were differences in the number of G2/M arrested cells. The maximal rate of the G2/M ranges from 60.0% to 80.0% 24h after irradiation. There is no significant changes on the rate of the G0/G1 phase. Conclusion: Radiation sensitivity was not related with necrosis but cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. These data suggested that more arrested cell is correlated with more apoptosis.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제85권2호
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• pp.244-250
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• 1996

솔잎혹파리의 저항성인자(抵抗性因子)를 소나무, 해송, 버지니아소나무 및 해송${\times}$버지니아소나무에 대하여 조사(調査)하였다. 성충(成蟲)이 산란(産卵)을 위해 수종(樹種)의 선호성(選好性)과 침엽(針葉)에서 추출(抽出)된 방향물질(芳香物質)인 terpenoid와 phenolic compound에 대한 유충(幼蟲)의 생물학적(生物學的) 검정(檢定)을 실시(實施)하였다. 솔잎혹파리의 성충(成蟲)은 산란(産卵)을 위해서 수종(樹種)에 관계없이 전수종(全樹種)에 비산(飛散)하여 산란(産卵)을 하였으나 충영 형성율(形成率)은 버지니아소나무에는 0%, 해송${\times}$버지니아소나무는 9%, 소나무와 해송은 각각(各各) 25.6%, 22.2%이었다. 그러므로 솔잎혹파리는 버지니아소나무에는 산란(産卵)을 하나 유충(幼蟲)이 자라지 못하고 폐사(斃死)함으로 침엽내(針葉內)에는 솔잎혹파리에 대한 저항성물질(抵抗性物質)이 있는 것으로 추측(推測)되며 소나무류(類)에서 휘발(揮發)되는 terpenoid는 솔잎혹파리의 성충(成蟲)을 유인(誘引) 혹은 기피성물질(忌避性物質)이 아니었으며 또한 신초(新梢)에서 휘발생(揮發生)되는 terpenoids 및 송지(松脂)는 솔잎혹파리 유충(幼蟲)의 폐사(斃死)에 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 솔잎혹파리의(幼蟲)을 사육(飼育)한 결과(結果)는 버지니아소나무 침엽(針葉)에서 추출(抽出)한 phenolic compounds, salicylic acid와 chitinase의 용액(溶液)위에서는 유충(幼蟲)의 폐사율(斃死率)이 각각(各各) 89%, 92%, 86%이나 소나무에서 추출(抽出)한 phenolic compounds와 gallic acid에서는 56%, 57%이었다. 그러므로 버지니아소나무의 침엽내(針葉內)에는 솔잎혹파리에 대한 저항성물질(抵抗性物質)이 함유(含有)되어 있는 것으로 생각되며 salicylic acid와 chitinase는 솔잎혹파리에 대한 저항성물질(抵抗性物質)로 추측된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권18호
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• pp.8533-8539
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• 2016

Background: B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia B (B-CLL), the most common type of leukemia, may be caused by apoptosis deficiency in the body. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) as providers of pro-apoptotic molecules such as tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), can be considered as an effective anti-cancer therapy candidate. Therefore, in this study we assessed the role of tumor necrosis factor-producing mesenchymal stem cells oin apoptosis of B-CLL cells resistant to fludarabine-based chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: In this study, after isolation and culture of AD-MSCs, a lentiviral LeGO-iG2-TRAIL-GFP vector containing a gene producing the ligand pro-apoptotic with plasmid PsPAX2 and PMDG2 virus were transfected into cell-lines to generate T293HEK. Then, T293HEK cell supernatant containing the virus produced after 48 and 72 hours was collected, and these viruses were transduced to reprogram AD-MSCs. Apoptosis rates were separately studied in four groups: group 1, AD-MSCs-TRAIL; group 2, AD-MSCs-GFP; group 3, AD-MSCs; and group 4, CLL. Results: Observed apoptosis rates were: group 1, $42{\pm}1.04%$; group 2, $21{\pm}0.57%$; group 3, $19{\pm}2.6%$; and group 4, % $0.01{\pm}0.01$. The highest rate of apoptosis thus occurred ingroup 1 (transduced TRAIL encoding vector). In this group, the average medium-soluble TRAIL was 72.7pg/m and flow cytometry analysis showed a pro-apoptosis rate of $63{\pm}1.6%$, which was again higher than in other groups. Conclusions: In this study we have shown that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) secreted by AD-MSCs may play an effective role in inducing B-CLL cell apoptosis.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2006

홍민어의 종묘 생산 중에 자어의 대량 폐사를 일으키는 nervous necrosis virus (NNV)의 감염에 의한 피해를 방지하기 위하여 NNV 미감염 친어의 선발에 의한 종묘 생산을 시도함과 동시에 수정란, 부화자어, 먹이생물, 사육 용수 등의 NNV 감염 여부를 확인하였다. RT-PCR법에 의한 홍민어 친어의 바이러스 감염 여부를 확인한 결과, 총 40마리의 검사어 중에서 양성인 개체가 18마리, 음성인 개체는 22마리였다. 시험어로부터 자연 산란된 수정란 및 경과 단계별 부화 자어로부터 PCR법을 이용한 NNV 감염 확인 결과, 미감염 친어로부터의 수정란에서는 바이러스가 확인되지 않았으나, 감염된 친어로부터의 수정란에서는 바이러스 감염이 확인되었다. 또한 자어의 먹이생물인 클로렐라, 로티퍼, 알테미아 및 사육 용수를 대상으로 한 NNV 검출 결과, 모두 음성으로 나타났다. 부화 후 8주간의 감염 및 미감염 자치어의 사육 결과에 있어서는 초기 2주째까지의 생존율이 각각 80%, 85%로서 양호하였으나, 부화 후 25일째부터 폐사가 일어나기 시작하였다. 감염 친어구의 경우 41일째에 100% 폐사한 반면, 미감염 친어구는 최종적으로 18.3%의 생존율을 보여, 이러한 결과는 친어에 대한 NNV 검사를 실시하여 바이러스에 감염되지 않은 홍민어 종묘를 생산할 수 있다는 것을 제시한다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2020

Background Conventional methods of external bleeding for congested fingertip replants exhibit notable problems, including uncontrollable bleeding and unpredictable survival of the replant. We have added a local injection of heparin calcium to the routine use of systemic heparinization for inducing external bleeding. We retrospectively examined patients who underwent external bleeding using our method. Methods Local subcutaneous injections of heparin calcium were made in 15 congested replants in addition to systemic heparinization. Each injection ranged from 500 to 5,000 U. The average duration of the injections was 4.1 days. Surgical outcomes were analyzed and compared with a control group of patients who underwent external bleeding without heparin calcium. Results The overall survival rate was 93.3%, which was higher than that of the control group (83.3%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.569). The survival rate for subzones I and II by the Ishikawa subzone classification was 100%, whereas it was 87.5% in subzones III and IV. No statistically significant difference was observed. The rate of partial necrosis was 0% in subzones I and II, whereas it was significantly higher (66.7%) in subzones III and IV (P=0.015). The mean total blood loss via external bleeding was 588 g in 10 fingers. No patients required blood transfusion. Conclusions Congestion of a replanted fingertip can be successfully managed without blood transfusion by our method. Although complete relief from congestion in replants in subzones I and II is achievable, there is a higher risk of partial necrosis in subzones III and IV.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권sup2호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2001

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to assess the long-term outcome and delayed complications of Gamma Knife radiosurgery for low grade glioma(LGG). Methods : Among 31 patients of LGG who had been treated by using Leksell Gamma Knife between March 1992 and December 1996, we could follow up more than 5 years(range 5-9 years) in 17 patients and evaluated their clinical feature, changes of tumor volume and post-radiosurgical complications. Results : During the mean follow-up period of 7.6 years, the tumor was decreased in 5 patients(29.4%), unchanged in 4(23.5%), increased in 4(23.5%) and recurred in 4(23.5%). The tumor control rate was 52.9%(9/17). We have experienced eighteen postradiosurgical complications in 10 patients(58.8%). Early complication was none and delayed complications included radiation necrosis with cyst in ten cases, bleeding in five, radiation-induced edema in one and malignant transformation in one. Two patients ultimately died as a result of tumor progression during the follow-up period. The mortality rate was 11.7%. Conclusion : Gamma Knife radiosurgery may be useful as an adjunctive therapy for small volume, deep-seated LGG. Although radiosurgery can effectively prevent growth of solid tumor, several delayed complications such as radiation necrosis, cyst formation, bleeding or malignant transformation can develop during the long-term followup period. Because of the possible slow growth rate of LGG and development of the delayed complications, the long-term efficacy of radiosurgery requires further analysis.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.657-661
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• 2005

유치의 치수절단술에 사용되는 약제로는 formocresol, ferric sulfate, 수산화칼슘 등이 있다. 그 중에서 formocresol은 치수조직의 고정능력과 높은 임상적 성공을 보임으로써 아직까지 널리 사용되고 있으나 자체독성이 매우 강하여 영구 계승치 치배의 변위나 결손, 법랑질 형성부전, 전신 흡수로 인한 돌연변이 가능성과 암유발 가능성 역시 보고되고 있다. 최근에는 formocresol의 근관내 적용시 불완전한 임시충전에 의한 미세누출로 주위 치은과 치조골의 괴사를 야기한 보고가 있으며 과잉의 formocresol을 적용하였을 경우에도 치조골의 괴사의 원인이 될 수 있다고 하였다. 본 증례는 개인치과에서 formocresol을 이용한 치수치료를 받은 후 지속되는 동통으로 인해 상악 좌측 제 2유구치를 발거하였으나, 증상이 개선되지 않아 본원에 의뢰되었다. 환아는 8세 남아로 심한 구취 및 계승 영구치 치관 주위로 환형의 치조골 괴사를 보여 부골절제술을 시행하고 1년 7개월간 관찰을 하였을 때 정상적인 치근 성장은 이루어졌으나 결손된 치조골 및 부착치은의 완전한 조직재생 소견은 관찰되지 않았다. Formocresol에 의한 치주조직에 대한 부작용은 비가역적이므로 formocresol의 사용에 있어 적응증 여부를 잘 판단해야 하며, 철저한 임시 가봉에 주의를 기울여야 할 것이다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.229-238
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• 2018

Background Nipple-sparing mastectomies (NSMs) are increasingly performed to obtain the best aesthetic and psychological outcomes in breast cancer treatment. However, merely preserving the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) does not guarantee a good outcome. Darkly pigmented NACs and a tendency for poor scarring outcomes are particular challenges when treating Asian patients. Herein, we review the reconstructive outcomes following NSM at Singapore General Hospital. Methods All breasts reconstructed following NSM over an 11-year period from 2005 to 2015 were reviewed. Information was collected from the patients' records on mastectomy indications, operative details, and complications. Patient satisfaction, breast sensation, and aesthetic outcomes were evaluated in 15 patients. Sensation was quantified using the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test. Results A total of 142 NSMs were performed in 133 patients for breast cancer (n=122, 85.9%) or risk reduction (n=20, 14.1%). Of the procedures, 114 (80.2%) were autologous reconstructions, while 27 (19.0%) were reconstructions with implants. Complications occurred in 28 breasts (19.7%), with the most common complication being NAC necrosis, which occurred in 17 breasts (12.0%). Four breasts (2.8%) had total NAC necrosis. The overall mean patient satisfaction score was 3.0 (good). The sensation scores were significantly diminished in the skin envelope, areola, and nipple of breasts that had undergone NSM compared to non-operated breasts (P<0.05). Half of the subset of 15 patients in whom aesthetic outcomes were evaluated had reduced nipple projection. Conclusions Immediate reconstruction after NSM was performed with a low complication rate in this series, predominantly through autologous reconstruction. Patients should be informed of potential drawbacks, including NAC necrosis, reduced nipple projection, and diminished sensation.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.803-807
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• 2011

Purpose: The safety of radiation therapy after breast reconstruction using transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap is still being debated, and few studies exist on the outcome of irradiation after immediate TRAM breast reconstruction. Some authors presented satisfactory outcomes after adjuvant radiation therapy on reconstructed breast with pedicled TRAM flap, while others reported significant post radiation changes of the flap. Effect of radiation therapy on TRAM flap was evaluated to see whether adjuvant radiation therapy was tolerable. Methods: 1000 immediate TRAM breast reconstruction was done by a single surgeon from July, 2001 to December, 2009. Among them 105 patients required adjuvant radiation therapy because of advanced disease or locoregional recurrence. Fat necrosis, radiation fibrosis, mastectomy skin flap necrosis, need for secondary touch up procedures, patient satisfaction were evaluated. Results: The incidence of fat necrosis was 10.5% and significant radiation fibrosis occurred in only one patient. Delayed wound problem did not occur during or after irradiation. Secondary touch-up procedures were performed in 12.3%, the most common being fat graft (8.6%). Average patient satisfaction score was 8.62/10, which was not significantly different from the authors' previous report involving all the TRAM patients (8.50). Conclusion: Radiation therapy did not increase the complication rate significantly. Aesthetic result was affected but was tolerated in most cases. The fear of adjuvant radiation is not a negative factor in selecting immediate breast reconstruction with TRAM flap.