• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.44-47
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• 2000

Freiberg's infarction involving the fifth metatarsal head is very rare condition. The authors experienced a case of avascular necrosis of the fifth metatarsal head and base of the proximal phalanx in a 27-year-old female patient. Involved bones were excised and internally fixed with 2 K-wires after autogenous cancellous bone grafting. Pain was relieved, and an excellent clinical result was obtained at the follow-up examination six months after the surgery.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.156-162
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• 2006

Purpose: To evaluate the results and effectiveness of distal chevron osteotomy combined with lateral soft tissue release for the correction of hallux valgus deformity. Materials and Methods: 31 patients who underwent distal chevron osteotomy with lateral soft tissue release between July 2002 and June 2003, were analyzed in terms of hallux valgus angle, intermetatarsal angle, subluxation of sesamoid, AOFAS score and the occurrence of avascular necrosis of the first metatarsal head. Results: The mean amount of the correction of hallux valgus angle was $26.3^{\circ}$. The mean amount of the correction of intermetatarsal angle was $6.6^{\circ}$. The mean amount of the correction of sesamoid subluxation was 1.2 points. The mean improvement of AOFAS score was 25.8 points. Avascular necrosis of the first metatarsal head was not found in any cases. Conclusion: For correction of hallux valgus deformity, distal chevron osteotomy with lateral soft tissue release showed improvement of hallux valgus angle, sesamoid subluxation and AOFAS score with no evidence of avascular necrosis of the first metatarsal head.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.190-195
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• 2006

Purpose: To evaluate the results of open reduction and internal fixation for displaced talar neck fracture. Materials and Methods: Fourteen patients were followed for more than 1 year after open reduction and internal fixation of displaced talar neck fracture. The mean age was 41.5 years, and the mean follow-up period was 3.8 years. There were 10 type II, 3 type III and 1 type IV fractures per Hawkins. There were 3 open fractures. Clinically AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scale and Hawkins criteria were utilized. Radiologically quality of reduction, duration of bony union, avascular necrosis and posttraumatic arthritis were evaluated. Results: At last follow-up, AOFAS scale was mean 89.1 points. There were 8 excellent, 4 good, and 2 fair results according to Hawkins criteria. Radiologically anatomical reduction was obtained in 13 cases. Mean duration of bony union was 11.8 weeks. There were 3 avascular necrosis and 2 post-traumatic arthritis. There was no significant difference in the incidence of avascular necrosis between early operation group and surgically delayed group. Conclusion: Accurate open reduction and rigid internal fixation seem to be prerequisites for satisfactory treatment of a displaced talar neck fracture.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.51-82
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• 2005

To compare the pulmonary toxicity between ultrafine colloidal silica particles (UFCSs) and fine colloidal silica particles (FCSs), mice were intratracheally instilled with 3 mg of 14-nm UFCSs and 230-nm FCSs and pathologically examined from 30 mill to 24 hr post-exposure. Histopathologically, lungs exposed to both sizes of particles showed bronchiolar degeneration and necrosis, neutrophilic inflammation in alveoli with alveolar type II cell proliferation and particle-laden alveolar macrophage accumulation. UFCSs, however, induced extensive alveolar hemorrhage compared to FCSs from 30 min onwards. UFCSs also caused more severe bronchiolar epithelial cell necrosis and neutrophil influx in alveoli than FCSs at 12 and 24 hr post-exposure. Laminin positive immunolabellings in basement membranes of bronchioles and alveoli of UFCSs treated animals was weaker than those of FCSs treated animals in all observation times. Electron microscopy demonstrated UFCSs and FCSs on bronchiolar and alveolar wall surface as well as in the cytoplasm of alveolar epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages and neutrophils. Type I alveolar epithelial cell erosion with basement membrane damage in UFCSs treated animals was more severe than those in FCSs treated animals. At 12 and 24 hr post-exposure, bronchiolar epithelia cells in UFCSs treated animals showed more intense vacuolation and necrosis compared to FCSs treated animals. These findings suggest that UFCSs has greater ability to induce lung inflammation and tissue damages than FCSs.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2001

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) resistance of Korean recommended soybeans was evaluated naturally and by mechanical inoculation in Suwon. Based on the differential reaction of forty-four soybean genotypes tested to nine different SMV strains, soybeans were classified into twenty-four groups. Myeongjunamulkong and Ilpumgeom-jeongkong showed a high degree of resistance to nine SMV strains, having no symptom. The other cultivars produced various reactions according to inoculation of each SMV strain: symptomless, mosaic or systemic necrosis. Only five cultivars such as Kwangankong, Eunhakong, Tawonkong, Namhaekong, Sobaegnamulkong were totally susceptible to every strain. There was variation in disease incidence. Soybeans, having the highest levels of resistance to G5H and G7H in the greenhouse, showed the lowest levels of SMV incidence in the field of Suwon. Myeong-junamulkong, Ilpumgeomjeongkong, Soyangkong, Pungsannamulkong, Sodamkong, Jangmikong, Geomjeong-kong2, Pureunkong, Sinpaldalkong2, Duyoukong, and Geumgangkong were fairly resistant to SMV. And SMV incidence of Taekwangkong, Saealkong and Baegunkong was over 45% with symptom of bud necrosis. And soybeans, highly resistant to SMV in the field and the greenhouse, were mainly derived from Jangyeobkong and Hwang-keumkong resistant to G1-G7.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.67-80
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• 1994

8-10 week old ICR mice were infected intracerebrally and intraperitoneally with different encephalomyocarditis virus(K$_3$, $K_{11}$, ATT-VR 129) to observe histopathological and immunohistochemical change. Results obtained throuh the experiments were summarized as follows : 1. No differences in clinical signs by the virus strains and the inoculation routes were found. Mice infected with EMCV showed clinical signs after 3 days of inoculation. Main clinical signs were tremors, convulsions, circling movement, and uni or bilateral hindleg paralysis followed by death on the 3-8 days. In general, most of the infected animals died or recovered closely on the 8th day of postinoculation. 2. At necropsy, petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages in lung were observed and no specific findings in other were observed. 3. In histopathological observation, neuroal cell degeneration perivascular mononucear cell in-filtration gliosis were appeared in central nervous system. Myocarditis with myocardial degeneration and necrosis, calcification were observed along with acinar cell necrosis of exocrine glands in pancreas, severe glomerulonephritis in kidney. Also, focal necrosis of hepatocytes and interstitial pneymonia hyperemia, hemorrhages in lungs were observed. 4. By immunohistochemical staining using ABCIT method, the positive cells were recognized in intracytoplasm of acinar cell in pancreas and intracytoplasm of neuronal cells in cerebrum.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2004

In this paper, we investigated the effects of the photodynamic therapy(PDT) for the tumor mass in mice. In the experimental method, we divided the mice into two control and test group which HepG2 and HeLa cell line induced cancer mass in mice. Photofrin was administered to the tumor-bearing mouse, followed 30 hours later by 630nm and 650nm laser light exposure. After photodynamic therapy we analyzed the two mice group for the tumor mass size, tumor growth, tumor cell necrosis, pathological anatomy change. According to the results, tumor cell necrosis was shown in the tissues which the reduce size of tumor and tumor cell necrotic change according to the irradiation time and light dose amount. The considerable difference, however, between the 630nm and 650nm wavelength was not found for the tumor cell necrotic change and other damage of normal tissue was not found.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.243-249
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical availability of a variety of intraoral local flaps in reconstruction of oral soft tissue defects, Forty patients with oral soft tissue defects were treated by tongue, buccinator, palatal, labial, facial artery musculomucosal, buccal fat pad, and masseter muscle crossover flap. Total 43 intraoral flaps were used to reconstruct a variety of intraoral soft tissue defects, such as oronasal fistula, oroantral fistula, traumatic deformities and other. The age of patients ranged from 7 to 72 years, with mean age of 39.6 years. Follow up period ranged from 2 to 66 months, mean follow up period of 21.6 months. There were 9 complications, of which four were partial necrosis, three infections, one total necrosis, and 1 speech problem. Except for total necrosis, most of the recipient sited healed uneventually without severe morbidity. We consider that a variety of intraoral local flaps can be available for reconstruction of small of moderate large intraoral soft tissue defects.

• BMB Reports
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.530-534
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• 1996

Astrocyte are the major glial cell type in the central nervous system (CNS), and analogous to macrophage, mediates the number of immune responses such as production of cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$) upon activation. $TNF-{\alpha}$ has been implicated in neuroimmunological disorders through killing oligodendrocytes and thus causing demyelination. It has been previously demonstrated that mitogen-activated T cells synthesized a 26 kDa precursor form of $TNF-{\alpha}$ which is bound to the surface of a membrane, and is later secreted as a 17 kDa mature version. In order to examine whether astrocytes would produce the transmembrane form of $TNF-{\alpha}$, astrocytes were stimulated with biological stimuli and the membrane form of $TNF-{\alpha}$ was analyzed by Western blot and FACS analysis. When astrocytes are stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), $IFN-{\gamma}/LPS$, or $IFN-{\gamma}/IL-1{\beta}$, they were able to express a membrane-anchored $TNF-{\alpha}$ of approximately 26 kDa protein which was immunoreactive to an $anti-TNF-{\alpha}$ antibody, whereas unstimulated astrocytes or astrocytes treated with $IFN-{\gamma}$ or $IL-1{\beta}$ alone was not. Our FACS data were also consistent with the immunoblot analysis. Our result suggests that the membrane form of $TNF-{\alpha}$ expressed by activated astrocytes may cause local damage to oligodendrocytes by direct cell-cell contact and contribute to demyelination observed in multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE).

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.115-124
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• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study is to report the improved case of bilateral avascular necrosis(AVN) of femur head treated with Korean medicine and Fascia Chuna Therapy Methods : The patient diagnosed with bilateral AVN is hospitalized at department of korean rehabilitation medicine, Samse hospital of korean medicine. The subject is treated by herbal medicine, acupuncture, SBV and hip joint gyoung-geon chuna. This study was measured by visual analogue scale(VAS) score, walking time without pain per 6 minutes and harris hip score(HHS). Results : The patient showed decreased VAS score, HHS and improved walking time without pain per 6 minutes after treated with korean medicine and hip joint Fascia Chuna Therapy. Conclusions : The patient showed reduced pain and positive effect on activities of daily living.