• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 1998

In order to help students through their initial clinical experience, faculty must understand more fully the moaning of this experience for nursing students. This study was performed to understand and to explain what is the essential structure of nursing students' initial clinical experience. A grounded theory approach was conducted to explore the actual experience of nursing students' first clinical experience. Each of the nursing students' descriptions about their initial clinical experience was analyzed using Strauss & Corbin's method. The results of the study were as follows : From the 172 written descriptions and 7 in-depth individual interviews, 128 concepts were extracted. After identifying the concepts' formulated meaning, they were organized into 29 subcategories and the following 12 categories . burden, encountering difficulties, self-discovery, grasping actuality, acquirement of nurse's nature, special character of experience, special character of relationship, external effect, problem oriented coping, emotional oriented coping, affection for nursing, skeptical view of nursing. Five hypotheses were derived from the analysis. 1) Burden is an obstacle to grasp nursing actuality. 2) Special character of experience and external effect have an effect on grasping nursing actuality, 3) Encouragement, a part of external effects, will increase nursing student's affection for nursing. 4) Affection for nursing through first clinical experience facilitates positive nursing view and scholarly zest. 5) Disappointment with the difference be tween theory and reality will cause the student to take a skeptical view of nursing. It is hoped that the knowledge gained from this qualitative study will enable faculty to enter more fully Into the world of nursing students as they embark on their initial clinical experience.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.3
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• pp.334-343
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• 2011

The purpose of the present research is to study the recreational use of German Nature Parks with comparing the Korean Recreational Forests. They were studied because both were not only founded for nature protection, but also for recreational use. The recreational offerings of German Nature Parks and Korean Recreational Forests found to reflect the expectations of their recreation users. Therefore the recreational uses of both countries will be recognized throughout this study. To review recreational offerings, services and infrastructure, a complete search of all German Nature Parks and Korean Recreational Forests was conducted. In summary, there were very good and varied activities that posed few demands on German Nature Parks. Some broad and very good offerings could be identified in the form of environmental education programs as well as many different kinds of services and infrastructure. Korean Recreational Forests were characterized by passive activities having few environmental education programs with only simple tour themes. The reason for this condition was that there were fewer holiday periods in Korea than in Germany and the conurbation life style in Korea, due to geological conditions, has led to less experience with nature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.183-186
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• 2006

The growth in human has a close relationship with circumstances and there are two different types of form as a method. One of them Is a great influence of which the environment has a certain effect to human and that is called environmental effect. The other one Is a great reaction of human against the environment which is environmental experience. Human's being loved nature and conservation of nature as a living condition have already processed out for a long time. However, in these days, it is different that a special emphasis on the conservation of nature is being destroyed and it Is perceived the principal of the destruction is human itself. The Museum of Natural Environment has no doubt in a relation with conservation of nature. The main subject of this thesis Is to restore the disappearing beauty in natural environment, an importance of resources in general needs and a change in futuristic perceptions against preservation of the species. Therefore, to produce a complexity in a combination with education and entertainment to a water resource as a main theme is now relieved from its original deteriorated public information center with its simpleness. It Is purposed to secure a cultural space for a community activity and regional peculiarities, dams and lakes, localities of rivers as a main theme to specify their details, to maximize its educational space furtherance with a value as a tourist resource in particular.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.5 no.2 s.10
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• pp.56-65
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• 1999

Recently, new concept and paradigm of 'Environmentally-Friendliness' is taking a growing interest in environmental planning and design. This study is to establish the evaluation model for environmentally-friendliness of 'Tourism Farms' in rural areas by LISREL structural equation model. A questionnaire survey was conducted for deputy manager group and expert group. As the Result of LISREL structural equation model, the environmentally-friendliness of tourism farms is composed of three categories. First, conservation of global environment (Low Impact), second, friendliness to surrounding nature(High Contact), and third, environmental health and amenities (Health & Amenity). Five indicators, such as (1)saving of energy and water resource, (2)reduction and reuse of garbage, (3)natural purification of sewage disposal, (4)utilization of natural energy, (5)campaign and education programs of environmentally-friendliness, were affecting the first category, i.e., conservation of global environment(Low Impact). Friendliness to surrounding nature (High Contact) is affected by 3 indicators, (1)contact to nature and diverse green areas, (2)water intimate & contact areas, (3)natural ecology observation by biotope. Finally, the dimension of environmental health and amenity is affected by 3 indicators, (1)nature affinity by farming experience, (2)environmental-friendliness of soil & crops by organic farming, (3) campaign and education programs of environmentally-friendliness. Total coefficient of determination of the structural equation model by LISREL was 0.897, which showed high explanatory power.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.69-79
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• 1999

Recently, new concept and paradigm of 'Environmentally-Friendless' is taking a growing interest in environmental planning and design. This study is to develop the new approach of sustainable development, and to establish the indicators for environmentally-friendliness of "Tourism Farms" in rural areas. A questionnaire survey was conducted for deputy manager group and expert group. The environmentally-friendliness of tourism farms is composed of three categories, conservation of global environment(Low Impact), friendliness to surrounding nature(High Contact), and environmental health and amenities (Health '||'&'||' Amenity). Four indicators, such as saving of energy and water resource, reduction and reuse of garbage, natural purification of sewage disposal, and utilization of natural energy, were affecting the first category, i.e., conservation of global environment(Low Impact). And, friendliness to surrounding nature (High Contact) is affected by 3 indicators, such as contact to nature and diverse green areas, water intimate '||'&'||' contact areas, and natural ecology observation by biotope. Finally, the dimension of environmental health and amenity is affected by 3 indicators, such as nature affinity by farming experience, environmental-friendliness of soil '||'&'||' crops by organic farming, campaign and education programs of environmentally-friendliness. From the result of Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA) for 10 indicators, environmentally-friendliness was recommended as 'Concentrate Here'. And, the content validity of 10 indicators for 3 categories was examined by factor analysis. The result showed as the same as hypothetical model, which proved the validity of hypothetical model.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.167-179
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• 1999

The hearing mechanism is a complicated system. Sound is generated by a source that sends out air pressure or power. The pressure or power makes the sound waves. These waves reach the eardrum, or tympanic membrane, which vibrates at a rate and magnitude proportional to the nature of the sound waves. The tympanic membrane transforms this vibration into the mechanical energy in the middle ear, which in turn converts it to the hydraulic energy in the fluid of the inner ear. The hydraulic energy stimulates the sensory cells of the inner ear which send neuroelectrical impulses to the central auditory nervous system. The passive perception of auditory information starts just here. The listener gives attention to the speech sound, differentiates the sound from background noise, and integrates his experience with similar sounds. The listener then puts all of these aspects of audition into the context of the moment to identify the nature of sound. This has a major role in human communication. This paper provides an overview of the nature and characteristics of sound, the structure and function of the auditory system, and the way in which sound is processed by the auditory system.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.33
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• pp.143-169
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• 2013

Recently, because of the danger and damages that following the steady development of scientific technologies, natural science is faced with many humane and ethical problems. So it is asserted the interdisciplinary with social and human science. However, it comes commonly that the ethical issues such as world view and one's view of life caused the development of sociology, especially development of the market economy. But in many cases, the interdisciplinary can be useful for widen the view of scholars. The interdisciplinary is actually connected with the problems of philosophy, and located in that domain. In this case, this is noticed as a model to the philosophers in 18th century, especially Denis Diderot. Diderot published De $l^{\prime}interpr{\acute{e}}tation$ de la nature during editing the Encyclopedia, from there he picked out the contents from piles of documents of Encyclopedia. Even though the contents or opinions of De $l^{\prime}interpr{\acute{e}}tation$ de la nature are inaccuracy or erroneous, it shows that how human-social science and natural science encountered. Diderot studied mathematics and then Diderot accepted to the natural science proposal, he approaches philosophy with translate English books to the French. Next he understood natural science by reading Buffon and Maupertuis, and during working for Encyclopedia, he possessed his knowledge that he can claim his opinion to other scholars. However in this De $l^{\prime}interpr{\acute{e}}tation$ de la nature, Diderot who sometimes rebutted other scholars' theory and demonstration, tried to build a philosophy on metaphysics in order to it was important for himself that he imposed the methods of science and importance of experience. Anyhow, this De $l^{\prime}interpr{\acute{e}}tation$ de la nature cause consider the recognition of Diderot in the field of natural science, and is suggested as a model about his Nature. This mean that it is an expression of his philosophy, and the content is found from natural philosophy and empirical philosophy. Like giving these attache the importance of method study for science and technique, these are targeted the promotion of popularization of natural-science and scientific-technology. Also it advocates fulfilling from reasonable philosophy to empirical philosophy. Therefore, the philosophy which was speculative and abstracted became his philosophy which was writing the meaning, as waiting the discovery of science. And at that time, the humanities made interdisciplinary with natural science.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.2 s.121
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• pp.37-48
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• 2007

An exhibit entitled 'Revelatory Landscapes' was held at the San Francisco Museum of Modem Art from May 5 to October 14, 2001. For this Museum's rot off-site outdoor exhibition, five outstanding design teams-Kathryn Gustafson, Hargreaves Associates, Hood Design, Tom Leader Studio, and ADOBE LA-created site-specific installations in Berkeley, Oakland, San Jose, and the San Francisco Bay Area. Each project showcased a hybridization of environmental art and landscape design. The main content revealed through revelatory landscapes were the natural, cultural, and historical palimpsest of the sites-particularly as related to the history of minorities such as Native American, African Americans and Latin Americans-as well as the every day life of ordinary people. To represent these ideas, a juxtaposition of the past and the present was broadly applied. Furthermore, the use of dramatic colors, textures, and forms in consideration of materials coupled with the revelation of natural elements such as wind and sunlight accelerated the effect of this juxtaposition. Every project of the Revelatory Landscapes exhibit requires a phenomenological experience to be appreciated. Via the five senses, these experiences cause a synesthetic experience beyond solely the visual. By examining the projects of 'Revelatory landscapes', the threshold for a new blending between environmental art and landscape design as well as new landscape design strategies that overcome the dichotomy between nature and culture will change and evolve.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.338-348
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe healing effects of the forest on alcoholics through a forest experience program. Methods: The qualitative data was gathered from one focus group discussion with 6 alcoholics and individual interviews with 8 alcoholics. They had all participated in a "healing forest" program. All interviews were recorded and transcribed according to thematic content analysis processes. Results: The four main themes on the attributes of forest were "a lively living being", "placidity and tranquility", "acceptive atmosphere", and "beautifulness as it is" which revealed the participants' perceived nature of the forest which was attributed to the healing effects. Eight other themes on participants' positive changes included "revived senses", "aspired to live", "relieved and relaxed from being tense", "gaining insight on self", "having an acceptive attitude", "becoming compliant with his/her life", "learning that life is being together" and "recognizing the value of one's existence". Conclusion: The findings of the study illustrated the participants' self-healing processes through interactions with the nature of the forest. Nursing interventions utilizing healing atmospheres such as "healing forest" programs can be considered helpful in providing a venue to alcoholics to reflect on their lives affirmatively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 1991

In considering the relationship between natural beauty and the human frame of mind, or the interconnections between the Landscape and the point of view, we are concerned primaily with the external factors. Historically, certain physical features tended to cause shifts in human attitudes toward landscapes; We concentrate on this phenomenon of changeful scenery rather than on what psychological factors caused certain landscapes to be regarded as remarkable or unique. In a similar fashion we must ask ourselves what the basic elements in landscape are and attempt to ascertain their visual and spatial characteristics before we attempt to desingn environments that are fundamentally, physical in character. Futhermore, the experience of meanings, a part of literatual association process, appeared through the intension of nature study looking for the best landscape phenomena out of simple naturelooking. Of course, as the variable degree of landscapes changes, the dualistic relationship between humans and objects shows the different experience of meanings as the time changes even in landscapes which possess variable factors in same season. The study is conducted by defining the nature of recognizing and appreciating the logical structure of the concept "Landscape" after analysis of meaning context appeared in 'Kyung' which is consists of time, space and elements in landscape.