• 한국조경학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.80-89
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• 2008

Generally, trees lining the streets are the most easily accessible green areas in the city and constitute the smallest basic unit in the formation of the urban linear green axis. This study attempts to interpret issues related to city trees from a comprehensive and relational viewpoint. The site of this study is Central Park Street in front of Incheon Metropolitan City Hall. This street is representative of those in Incheon City. This study is an inter-relational interpretation of issues by measuring the vitality of these trees. The following are results of this study: First, the vitality of city trees is higher in those trees growing in natural ground than those growing in plant gratings. This observation can lead to budget savings and increased natural areas in the city. Also, if planter and multi-layering planting methods are introduced where damage to trees is predicted, variation to urban landscape can be achieved while linking to reinforced rearing foundation of street-side trees. Second, there is need for a holistic approach to caring for street-side trees regarding the damage caused by drastic pruning and strong street lights. The typical functions of these trees, like supplying freshness in summer, absorbing solar radiation, and controlling the urban micro-climate are closely related to the vitality of the trees. Accordingly, the function and ecology should be understood holistically, not separately. In this aspect, the functional and ecological use of the multi-layering planting method is effective in protecting pedestrians from vehicles as well. Third, the fallen leaves of monotonous rows of trees have different ecological and functional effects. Not only is the index of greenness in the urban setting increased, but there are also aesthetic and symbolic effects. Fourth, in spite of being the street along which Incheon Metropolitan City Hall, major administrative buildings and Central Park are located, this street does not have its own special identity to discriminate it from other streets. It fulfills only functional criteria based on uniformity. If there is no paradigm shift from today's street system based on vehicles, the role of landscape architecture will be very passive in regards to street-side trees, the minimum unit of urban green. Fifth, on this particular street, many trees were planted in December, which reflects a deficiency of short and long-term strategy, like a street-tree master plan. In this aspect, we still lack a mature culture concerning these trees as a basic unit in urban greenery. Furthermore, there needs to be cultural introspection concerning present administrative practices.

• 농촌계획
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.103-115
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• 2010

This study was accompanied to develop the management and application plans as resources for rural tourism through the analysis of distribution characteristics, inhabitants' practical use, need item for management and application, and aesthetic/recreation function of Palustrine wetland in rural area. The 2.3 Palustrine wetland per farm village were located, and 77.5% of total wetland was used by agricultural water, landscape, rural tourism The management and water quality were steadily getting better in used wetland than in unused wetland. Also, 91.8% of respondents answered that there is a practical use plan afterward, and much preferred the mode of ecotourism through restoration of ecological wetland. As the results from the appropriateness evaluation of management and application in used wetland for ecotourism, improvement item was required in observation deck, entrance lane, guidance facilities etc. And, insufficient result was deduced in appropriateness of operation program and special learning course, and in participation of inhabitants and experts. The result of evaluation of the aesthetic and recreation functions generally appeared high, but the need improvement item was required in artificial water wall and plantation base that deteriorate biological diversity. These results will be used to data for conservation, management and practical use of wetland, an important natural resource in farm village, which are confronted in crisis of land reclamation by use reduction of use and false management.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1523-1536
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• 2014

Restoration is the process of reducing or reversing damage to an ecosystem so that it can function in its original manner. However, many restoration programs do not achieve this. In the Nakdong Estuary, the largest migratory nesting site in the center of the East Asian-Australasian flyway, an estuarine barrage was constructed in the 1980s that required site restoration following its completion in 1987 and the expansion of several large industrial complexes(Noksan and Jangrim) and a residential development(Myeongji). The goal of the restoration was to restore the function of the wetland to its pre-disturbance state. To achieve this, a restoration program was designed consisting of three stages. The first stage(1993-1995), saw the construction of three artificial wetlands(Shinhori, Daemadeung, and Eulsuk), the second(2003-2005) involved the dredging and returning of farmed lands to their natural state, and the third(2008-2012) focused on the rehabilitation and vegetation development of the wetlands. However, the project has not achieved all of the desired goals, and it is an example of the lapses in ecological restoration following anthropogenic disturbance. Issues that resulted in an incomplete restoration included the timing of the stages, noncompliance with the restoration plan, not directly monitoring the restoration or continuing the monitoring following completion of the development project, and the political subversion of the restoration plan. For the success of the restoration plan, it is necessary to avoid mistakes such as inconsistent monitoring, unequal levels of stakeholder involvement, and political interference.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.18-26
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• 2007

투과체는 기본적으로 외부환경과 접촉할 수 있는 친화적이고 생태학적인 기능을 가지고 있으며, 이를 통해 유입되는 빛은 실내공간에 다양한 분위기를 연출할 수 있도록 해준다. 이에 본 연구는 투과체가 적용된 사무소건물을 대상으로 채광유입을 증대시킬 수 있는 채광방식을 설계하여 적용 시 실내의 색도와 색온도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 1/10축소모형을 제작하였으며, Prometric 1421이라는 측정기기를 이용하여 실험을 수행하였다. 측정결과 투과체가 갖는 파장대별 투과특성이 실내의 색도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 빛의 유입을 증대시키는 채광방식을 설치할 경우 천정면의 색온도에 많은 영향을 주었으며, $5{\sim}20[%]$정도의 색온도를 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 채광시스템을 설치할 경우 활동적인 분의기의 공간이 연출될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to quantitatively evaluate the amount of carbon storage for trees in forest ecosystem to support the foundation for carbon neutrality implementation in Korea National Park. It targeted 22 national parks designated and managed as national parks in Korea, and conducted research on forest trees in the terrestrial ecosystem among various natural and ecological carbon sink. The survey and analysis method followed the IPCC guidelines and the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory in Korea. The amount of tree carbon storage in the forest ecosystem of Korea National Park was confirmed to be about 218,505 thousand CO₂-ton and the amount of carbon storage per unit area was 570.8 CO₂-ton per hectare. Compared to 299.7 CO₂-ton per hectare, the average carbon storage per unit area of the entire Korean forest, it was found that about twice as much carbon was stored when assuming the same area. In other words, it means that the tree carbon storage function of the national park is about twice as high as that of the average tree carbon storage function of entire Korean forest. It has great implications in Korea National Park not only provides biodiversity promotion and exploration services as a national protected area, but also performs excellent functions as a carbon sink.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.189-205
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• 2014

수많은 지자체들이 대규모 개발 사업이나 지역축제를 통해 관광객을 유치하고자 한다. 그러나 현실적으로 성공가능성이 낮으므로, 투입비용에 비해 효율이 높은 친환경 생태 관광산업에 더 신경을 써야한다. 서천 지역은 우수한 생태 및 문화자원을 보유하고 있었음에도 크게 주목받지 못하였지만, 국립생태원과 국립해양생물자원관이 새롭게 개원하면서 새로운 생태 관광의 중심지로 부상할 가능성이 높아졌다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 서천 일대에 분포하는 여러 생태 문화적 자산을 분석한 후 생태계서비스의 주요 기능인 생태관광을 도입하여 생태관광의 3요소인 자연환경, 탐방객, 지역민들이 모두 만족할 수 있는 프로그램을 개발하고자 하였다. 해안과 하안이 만나는 곳에 위치한 서천 지역에서는 기존의 유명 관광지와 연계하여 4개의 권역으로 생태자산을 재구성할 수 있었다. 탐방객들을 머무르게 할 방안으로 체험 활동을 통해 지역에서 숙박을 하도록 유도하였으며, 슬로우 라이프의 실현을 위해 각 경관들을 천천히 즐기도록 설계하였다. 생태연구의 메카가 될 국립생태원과 국립해양생물자원관을 중심으로 인근의 금강 하구 철새도래지와 람사르습지로 지정된 서천 갯벌 주변으로 탐방객들을 인도할 수 있도록 프로그램도 제시하였다. 본 연구를 통해 서천을 방문하는 탐방객들이 만족하고, 지역민들의 삶도 윤택해질 수 있는 계기가 될 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.23-38
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• 2022

This study investigates the characteristics and physical habitat requirements for each Bufo gargarizans life history through a literature survey. After deriving variables for each component of Bufo gargarizans, in order to reduce regional deviations from eight previously studied literature research areas for deriving the criteria for variables, a total of 12 natural habitats of Bufo gargarizanss are selected as spatial ranges by selecting four additional sites such as Umyeonsan Ecological Park in Seoul, Wonheungibangjuk in Cheongju in the central region, Changnyeong Isan Reservoir in the southern region, and Mangwonji in Daegu. This study presents Bufo gargarizans SI, a species endemic to Korea, whose population is rapidly declining due to large-scale housing site development and road development, and develops a Bufo gargarizans HSI model accordingly to improve the function of the damaged Bufo gargarizans habitat and to present an objective basis for site selection of alternative habitat. At the same time, it provides basic data for adaptive management and follow-up monitoring. The three basic habitat requirements of amphibians, the physical habitat requirements of Bufo gargarizans, synthesized with shelter, food, and water, and the characteristics of each life history, are classified into five components by adding space and threats through literature research and expert advice. Variables are proposed by synthesizing and comparing the general characteristics of amphibians, among the previously studied single species of amphibians, the components of HSI of goldfrogs and Bufo gargarizans, and the ecological and physical environmental characteristics of Bufo gargarizans. Afterwards, through consultation with an amphibian expert, a total of 10 variables are finally presented by adjacent forest area(ha), the distance between spawning area and the nearest forest land(m), the soil, the distance from the wetland(m), the forest layered structure, the low grassland space, the permanent wetland area(ha), shoreline slope(%), PH, presence of predators, distance from road(m), presence or absence of obstacles. n order to derive the final criteria for each of the 10 variables, the criteria(alternative) for each variable are presented through geographic information analysis of the site survey area and field surveys of the previously studied literature research area. After a focus group interview(FGI) of 30 people related to the Bufo gargarizans colony in Cheongju, a questionnaire and in-depth interviews with three amphibians experts are conducted to verify and supplement the criteria for each final variable. Based on the finally developed Bufo gargarizans HSI, the Bufo gargarizans habitat model is presented through the SI graph model and the drawing centering on the Bufo gargarizans spawning area

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.136-143
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• 2022

Background: In northern Thailand, the longan flower is the principal nectar source for honey production. Microorganisms play a critical function in the agricultural ecology. The morphological characteristics of fungal species found in longan pollen were studied. Aspergillus spp. were found to be invertase-producing strains and were employed in the longan syrup production process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of invertase-added longan syrup on the adult honey bee population numbers that were fed by this syrup for 16 weeks. Results: Different fungal species were found in longan pollen samples. Aspergillus was the main genus, with three predominant sections: Nigri, Flavi, and Terrei. Other isolated species were Trichoderma spp., Rhizopus spp., Neurospora spp., Chaetomium spp., Fusarium spp. and Penicillium spp. However, Aspergillus spp. is the only fungal species that produces the enzyme invertase. The invertase-producing strains belonging to the Aspergillus section Nigri were found to be A. niger LP5 with an optimum activity at pH 6.0 and 60℃. When A. niger LP5 invertase was used for longan syrup processing, the highest levels of glucose (3.45%) and fructose (2.08%) were found in invertase added longan syrup (C), while fresh (A) and boiled longan syrup (B) had lower contents of both sugars. The sucrose content was detected in (A) at 4.25%, while (B) and (C) were at 4.02% and 3.08%, respectively. An appropriate amount of sugar to feed and maintain the honey bee population was considered. The data showed no statistically significant differences between the two selected forms of longan syrup compared to the sugar syrup examined by the adult honey bee population. Conclusions: The main species of isolated fungi from longan pollen were Aspergillus spp. The discovery of an invertase-producing strain of A. niger LP5 has enabled its application for enzyme utilization in the invert sugar preparation process. The adult worker bee populations fed by longan syrup from both boiled and invertase-added sources showed an increasing trend. Artificial syrup made from longan fruit to feed honey bees when natural food sources are limited can be applied.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제98권3호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2009

이 연구에서는 산림과학원 광릉시험림을 사례연구 대상으로 산림기능에 따른 목표임상 조건이 산림경영에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 선형계획법을 적용하였다. 이를 위해 대상산림의 사회 경제 생태적 요구에 따라 자연환경림, 자원생산림, 수원함양림 그리고 경관보존림으로 구성된 4개의 산림기능으로 구분하고, 각 기능에 적합한 산림시업체계표를 작성하였다. 선형계획수식모형은 Model II 기법을 적용하여 구성하였으며, 재적생산의 극대화를 목적함수로 그리고 비감소수확, 벌채허용면적, 계획기간말의 영급구조 및 수종선택 등의 경영방침을 제약조건에 포함시켰다. 선형계획수식모형을 이용하여 각 경영시나리오별로 최적해를 계산하고 재적생산량, 순현재가 그리고 영급구조 등을 비교하여 목표임상 조건이 산림경영에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.90-100
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• 2012

본 연구는 수생태계의 건전성 활용방안에 대한 연구를 마을방죽과 수체계의 원리에서 그 해답을 찾고자 하였으며, 연구대상지 10개의 마을방죽을 중심으로 분석하였다. 마을방죽의 수체계를 구성하는 우물, 공동샘, 마을수로 등 물 흐름을 이루고 있는 구성요소들의 구조와 특성에 대한 이해를 바탕으로 마을방죽의 사회적 생태적 역할 및 도시화로 인해 훼손되거나 소멸된 수생태계 건전성 확보와 생태적 유역관리를 위한 하나의 도구적 방안으로서의 결론은 다음과 같다. 1. 마을방죽은 마을에서 발생하는 배출수와 방죽보다 높은 수위의 농경지에서 흘러드는 농수로를 통해 물을 방죽에 모아서 농업용수로 재활용하고, 그 이상의 물은 논도랑을 통해 하천으로 흘려보내는 구조로서, 각 마을에서 발생하는 유출수를 효율적으로 관리하는 생태적 유역관리를 일상에서 실천하고 있었던 것이라고 볼 수 있다. 단순한 물 흐름의 일시적 저류시설이 아니라, 이를 다시 재사용하고 걸러서 하천으로 보내는 일종의 친환경수처리 시스템인 것이다. 2. 전통마을 5개소와 근대화 이후 농촌마을 5개소를 중심으로 사례대상지 10개의 마을방죽을 선정하여 마을의 수 체계와 방죽의 구조, 물 흐름을 분석하여 방죽의 유형을 분류하였다. 마을방죽의 유형은 소택습지형, 자연유하의 물흐름 구조인 수고답저형, 인위적 수리시설이 필요한 수저답고형 등 3가지 유형으로 분류되었다. 사례연구 대상지 중 전통마을 5개소는 모두 소택습지형으로 나타났으며, 근대화 이후 농촌마을 중 계지마을, 산제리마을, 마암마을, 양촌마을은 수고답저형으로, 상천리마을은 수저답고형으로 분류되었다. 3. 소택형 방죽과 수고답저형 방죽, 수저답고형 방죽으로 분류된 사례대상지의 수질분석을 통해 마을방죽의 수질정화 기능을 확인하였다. 마을하수도 유출수와 생활하수의 영향을 받는 원터마을과 계지마을에서는 암모니아성질소($NH_3-N$)와 총인(T-P)의 효율이 56~95%로 높은 것을 볼 수 있으며, 축사와 농경지의 영향이 강한 상천리와 산제리 마을에서는 부유물질(SS)이 70~85%, 총질소(T-N)와 총인(T-P)이 5.3~65%의 효율로 나타났다. 4. 오염원의 침전과 여과, 식물에 의한 탈질작용을 통해 마을에서 유출되는 생활하수, 마을하수도 배출수, 우수유출수 및 비점오염원들이 하천에 유입되기 전에 다시 한번 걸러주게 되는 수질정화 시스템을 마을방죽의 구조에서 확인할 수 있다. 이러한 구조를 통해 마을방죽은 생태적 유역관리를 위한 기초적 시설로서 활용되어져야 한다. 환경 필터층의 역할을 하는 마을방죽의 수처리 시스템은 단위유역, 집수유역 중심의 생태적 유역관리를 위한 친환경 시설로서 연구되어지고 활용되어야 한다.