• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.100-111
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• 2019

In this study, the dyeing properties and functionalities of Crataegi fructus extract were investigated for the purpose of application to new natural dye resources. The effects of dyeing conditions(concentration of dye, dye bath temperature, dyeing duration and dye bath pH) and mordanting on dye uptake and color changes were also examined. The study also estimated the colorfastness, antibacterial properties, and ultraviolet protection properties of the dyed and mordanted silk fabrics. The dye uptake increased in tandem with the dye concentration and dye bath temperature. The highest K/S values were obtained at the following conditions: a dye concentration of 100%(v/v), a dyeing period of 60 minutes, a dye bath temperature of $90^{\circ}C$, and a dyeing pH of 3. The colorfastness of the material when dry cleaned or rubbed ranged from good to excellent and fastness to light was rated at grade 2-3. The change in the color grade when exposed to washing was not good; however, the stain of washing fastness was good at a range of 4-5. In regards to the functional property aspects, the dyed and mordanted fabrics exhibited excellent results with a 99.9% reduction rate, and excellent ultraviolet protection factors.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.18-24
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to develop the dyeing method with dry leaves of indigo plant. Coloring matter was extracted from dry leaves of indigo plant with hot sodium hydroxide solution. The extract was reduced with sodium dithionite, and it was used for dyeing cotton fabrics under various conditions. UV-visible absorption spectra of extract, reduction rate of extracts by reducing agent, and the surface color of dyed cotton, lightfastness were examined. For the initial 20 minutes, the absorbance of indigo solution rapidly decreased. However, several hours later, the decreasing rate retarded. By repeating the dyeing process, the shade looked deeper and deeper. At $30-40^{\circ}C$, the value of K/S reached the highest point. The concentration of indigo solution in dye bath seemed to playa critical role for the reaction of the reducing agent. It was observed that the surface color of cotton fabrics was getting bluish and its degree of value and chroma seemed slightly decreased as the K/S value was increasing. The lightfastness was clearly enhanced by increasing the K/S value.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.745-752
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• 2005

Green tea has various medical effects. It was selected as new natural dyes guessing the effects of the biological activities are still appeared on dyeing. It was examined whether they have the function of Uv-blocker or not. Cotton, linen & Hanji were dyed with Green tea. Al, Cr, Cu, Fe and Sn were selected as the mordant and the UV blocking rate of dyed samples was measured. The results of this study as follows; 1 . The color of dyed samples with Green tea changed yellowish red except Hanji and linen mordanted with Fe. 2. K/S values of dyed samples with Green tea increased by the number of dyeing treatment(p<.01). 3. UVA and UVB blocking rate increased by the number of dyes. Cotton and Linen could block the UV radiation over $93\%$ and Hanji could block over $95\%$ after three times of dyeing. These results suggest that Hanji has possibility far various practical uses of clothing material in beautiful and functional aspect. It could have the biological effects when we put on dyed clothing material with Green tea.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.189-195
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• 2023

In this study, as one of the eco-friendly dyeing methods, indigo, Phellodendron amurense and Caeasapinia sappan were complexed dyed on cotton fabric. For complexed dyeing, the cotton that was pre-dyed 5 times with indigo was dyed 1 ~ 2 times repeatedly with Phellodendron amurense and Caeasapinia sappan. Then the color, tensile strength, density, and color fastness of complexed dyed sample were analyzed and the following analysis results could be obtained. As a result of color difference measurement, the L* value was 22.7 in the sample in which the cotton was dyed 5 times and then the Phellodendron amurense was dyed 1 time, and the K/S value was 15 or higher in all samples. As a result of measuring the strength, cotton fabrics tended to have a slight decrease in tensile strength when complexed dyeing. As a result of measuring the density, the density decreased by 15 ~ 20% in all samples at the warp and increased by 20 ~ 30% in the weft due to the complexed dyeing of cotton fabric. Moreover, the fastness to washing and drycleaning showed good results of 2 ~ 3 or higher, and the light fastness was 4 or higher.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.281-287
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility utilizing Metasequoia(Metasequoia glyptostroboides) cone as a new natural dye resource. In previous study, dyeing onto cotton fiber was carried out and Metasequoia cone colorant showed low affinity to cotton fiber and maximum dye uptake was obtained at pH 3.5 showing YR Munsell color. For further evaluation of its efficacy as a new natural dye resource, effects of dyeing conditions and mordanting on dye uptake, color change, and colorfastness were investigated for silk fiber. Metasequoia cone colorant showed good affinity toward silk fiber showing YR Munsell color and maximum dye uptake was shown at pH 3.5. Post-mordanting with Cu and Fe improved dye uptake, especially Fe($C_5H_{10}FeO_6$) mordant was effective as much as 2 times higher dye uptake comparing with un-mordanted sample. The color of dyed fabrics with mordanting showed YR Munsell color. Fe mordanted fabrics appeared dark gray~black color. Colorfastness to washing was relatively good, whereas lightfastness of the dyed fabrics showed grade 2. It was confirmed that Metasequoia cone colorant can be used as a new dye resource for silk fiber getting brownish yellow to dark gray/black color depending on mordant type. In addition, it showed antimicrobial functionality.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility utilizing Metasequoia(Metasequoia glyptostroboides) cone as a new natural dye resource. Dyeing onto cotton fiber was carried out to study the effect of dyeing conditions and mordanting effect on dye uptake, color change, and colorfastness. FT-IR analysis supported that hydrolyzable tannins were contained in the extracted colorant. Metasequoia cone colorant showed low affinity to cotton fiber and maximum dye uptake was obtained at pH 3.5 showing YR Munsell color. Mordanting improved dye uptake regardless of mordant type, especially Fe($C_5H_{10}FeO_6$) mordant was effective as much as 2 times higher dye uptake comparing with un-mordanted sample. The color of dyed fabric with mordanting showed YR Munsell color except of the Fe($FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$) mordanted sample showing Y Munsell color. Colorfastness to rubbing and washing was relatively good, whereas lightfastness of the dyed fabrics was above grade 3/4 except that the dyed samples with Fe mordanting showed grade 2. It is necessary to apply Metasequoia cone colorant onto other fibers, especially protein fibers, for evaluating its efficacy as a new natural dye resource.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.240-245
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• 2010

The effects of monazite and fixing agents on cotton fabric dyed with Perilla frutescens var. acuta extract were investigated. The proper monazite treatment concentration, temperature and time were 10%(o.w.b.), $50^{\circ}C$ and 60minutes. By various fixing agent treatment, $FeSO_4$ showed a relatively high K/S value and the order of K/S value decreased as follows, cation surface active agents, soybean and NaCl. And the monazite and $FeSO_4$ fixing agent showed higher anion emissity than those of untreated cotton and other fixing agents. The cotton fabrics showed improved color fastness by monazite and fixing agents treatments with the exception of light fastness. And the cotton fabrics fixed with fixing agents were showed effective bacterial reduction with the exception of NaCl.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2011

The natural dyeing of cotton fabric with gardenia blue powder was studied. Cotton fabrics were treated with chitosan in order to increase K/S values and colorfastness. K/S values were increased with increasing the concentration of gardenia blue powder, dyeing time and temperature, and the lower pH of dye bath. In case of chitosan finishing, K/S values were increased, and ${\lambda}_{max}$ shifted to 600nm at 400nm. The wash fastness was improved, but the abrasion fastness was lowered in the case of wet rubbing.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.276-283
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to develop an effective dyeing process for black color on the silk fabrics, using natural Indigo, Madder, Amur cork tree, Alder, Logwood, and Gallnut. All natural dye materials were water-extracted, concentrated, and freeze-dried. Seven different processes were carried out and the color differences(${\Delta}E$) of black color with each process from the chemical black dyed fabric were compared. The light, washing, and rubbing fastness were evaluated. The black dyeing of the silk fabrics was well carried and excellent black color was obtained in every methods. The profound black color could be obtained by the subtractive mixture of the three primary colors of red, yellow, and blue in the order of indigo(blue) - amur cork tree(yellow) - madder or lac(red). Black color was efficiently obtained by iron mordant when logwood or alder fruit was used. The color difference(${\Delta}E$) from the black color with chemical dyestuff was the lowest in the indigo - amur cork tree - lac - iron method. Light fastness and washing fastness were excellent in all dyeing processes, showing grade 5. The fastness to rubbing was excellent as shown grade 5 in the dry samples of logwood - iron process and alder fruit - iron process.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.882-889
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• 2008

Three fabrics, 100% silk, nylon and cotton each, were dyed with a lichen dye solution prepared by a fermentation method under conditions of varying dyebath pH and temperature. To verify the effect of chitosan on fabric dyeing, the 100% cotton fabric was treated with a chitosan solution before dyeing. The K/S, CIE $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, ${\Delta}E$ and Munsell values of the dyed samples were measured. Colorfastness of each sample was also investigated. The maximum K/S value was measured at 520nm wavelength for the dyed silk fabric and at 480nm for the dyed cotton and nylon. The K/S values for the dyed silk fabric were much greater than those of the other fabrics. The dyed silk fabric showed a red tone on the Munsell color system, and the dyed nylon and cotton fabrics a yellowish red tone. Dye affinity to fabrics was better in a neutral or acidic dyebath. As dyeing temperature increased, K/S values increased for the dyed nylon and cotton fabrics but not for the silk. Dyeability of cotton fabrics could improve by Chitosan treatment. As for most natural dyes, colorfastness of all dyed samples was poor. The silk fabric showed an excellent dry cleaning fastness of Grade 5.