• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.225-233
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• 2019

In this study, we investigated the in vitro anti-biofilm activities of plant extracts of chives (Allium tuberosum), garlic (Allium sativum), and radish (Raphanus sativus L.) against environment harmful bacteria (gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and, gram-negative Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7). In the paper disc assay, garlic extracts exhibited the highest anti-biofilm activity. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of all plant extracts was generally higher for gram-negative bacteria than it was for gram-positive bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria were more resistant to plant extracts. The tetrazolium dye (XTT) assay revealed that, each plant extract exhibited a different anti-biofilm activity at the MIC value depending on the pathogen involved. Among the plant extracts tested, garlic extracts (fresh juice and powder) effectively reduced the metabolic activity of the cells of food-poisoning bacteria in biofilms. These anti-biofilm activities were consistent with the results obtained through light microscopic observation. Though the garlic extract reduced biofilm formation for all pathogens tested, to elucidate whether this reduction was due to antimicrobial effects or anti-biofilm effects, we counted the colony forming units of pathogens in the presence of the garlic extract and a control antimicrobial drug. The garlic extract inhibited the E. coli O157:H7 biofilm effectively compared to the control antimicrobial drug ciprofloxacin; however, it did not inhibit S. aureus biofilm significantly compared to ciprofloxacin. In conclusion, garlic extracts could be used as natural food preservatives to prevent the growth of foodborne pathogens and elongater the shelf life of processed foods.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.712-723
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• 2019

Chemically synthesized compounds are widely used in oral hygiene products. However, excessively long-term use of these chemicals can cause undesirable side effects such as bacterial tolerance, allergy, and tooth discoloration. To solve these issues, significant effort is put into the search for natural antibacterial agents. The aim of this study was to assess the extracts of foreign native plants that inhibit the growth and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. Among the 300 foreign plant extracts used in this study, Chesneya nubigena (D. Don) Ali extract had the highest antimicrobial activity relatively against S. mutans with a clear zone of 9 mm when compared to others. This plant extract also showed anti-biofilm activity and bacteriostatic effect (minimal bactericidal concentration [MBC], 1.5 mg/ml). In addition, the plant extracts of 19 species decreased the ability of S. mutans to form biofilm at least a 6-fold in proportion to the tested concentrations. Of particular note, C. nubigena (D. Don) Ali extract was found to inhibit biofilm formation at the lowest concentration tested effectively. Therefore, our results reveal that C. nubigena (D. Don) Ali extract is a potential candidate for the development of antimicrobial substitutes, which might be effective for caries control as well, as demonstrated by its inhibitory effect on the persistence and pathogenesis of S. mutans.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.92-99
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• 2005

Asclepias curassavica. Linn, an erect, simple (or) much branched perennial herb with a somewhat woody base, belonging to the family Asclepiadaceae. It has been reported to have multiple pharmacological effect of anti-inflammatory, cardiotonic, anticancer, anthelmintic and to treat piles and gonorrhoea. It is to be expected that several activities might be related to a possible antioxidant action from this plant. The hydro alcoholic extract of Asclepias curassavica was tested in vitro for its antioxidant activities, such as DPPH radical, nitric oxide radical, superoxide anion radical, lipid peroxidation assay, hydroxyl radical, reducing power, and total phenol content. The extract exhibited scavenging potential with $IC_{50}$ value of $8.7\;{\mu}g/ml,\;198.4\;{\mu}g/ml\;and\;21.7\;{\mu}g/ml$ for DPPH, nitric oxide and superoxide anion radicals. The values were found to higher than those of Vitamin-C, rutin, and curcumin, as standards. The extract showed 50% protection at the dose of $134.2\;{\mu}g/ml\;and\;41.4\;{\mu}g/ml$ in lipid peroxidation as well as deoxyribose degradation, those values more to that of standard, vitamin E $(IC50\;values,\;119.2\;{\mu}g/ml\;and\;32.5\;{\mu}g/ml,\;respectively)$. The reducing power of the extract depends on the concentration and amount of extract. Since a significant amount of polyphenol could be detected by the equivalent to $0.0495\;{\mu}g$ of pyrocatechol from 1 mg of extract. It can be concluded that hydro alcoholic extract of aerial part of Asclepias curassavica could be considered as potent antioxidant, which makes it suitable for the prevention of human disease.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: Entomopathogenic fungi have been studied to develop for biological control agents as an alternative to chemical control agents in insect pest management. This investigated to determine the optimal culture conditions in ceramic balls for maximal sporulation of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana M130 by use rice bran extract.METHODS AND RESULTS: METHODS AND RESULTS: A culture of entomopathogenic fungi for 12day on rice bran extract(1:8, w/v) incubated in ceramic matrix at 28℃. Natural zeolite ceramic ball was high production of 4.2×108 conidial/mL. The culture condition optimized initial pH, temperature, rice bran extract concentration, adhesives substance and concentration of NaCl, respectively. The high production of spore optimal conditions were temperature 28℃, initial pH 3, rice bran extract 3 mL, starch 33 g, 5 % NaCl and sopre suspension 7 mL, respectively.CONCLUSION: This study was carried out for the mass production of entomopathogenic fungi conidia recover rate 65% in matrix of natural zeolite ceramic ball, and to develop ingredient-used formulation of Beauveria bassiana M130 conidia for biological control agents.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.96-102
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• 2008

Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.(family Nymphaeaceae) has been used for summer heat syndrome as home remedy in Japan, China and Korea. Although whole plant parts are edible, root is commonly consumed. It has been reported that rhizome extract showed anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. However, in spite of usefulness for treatment of various diseases, the effect of Nelumbo nucifera rhizome(NNR) on proliferation, migration and matrix degrading enzymes-matrix metalloproteinsases(MMPs), the expression of which degrades extracellular matrix(ECM) leading to metastasis, has not been fully elucidated. We examined the effect of hot water extract of NNR on the proliferation, migration and secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in rat smooth muscle cells(rSMC), epidermoid cancer cells(A431) and breast cancer cells(MDA-MB-231). The proliferation assay was carried out using MTT assay, the principle of which depends upon the conversion of MTT by mitochondrial dehydrogensases of viable cells to formazan crystals. The effect of NNR on migration of cells was examined using wound healing assay. Our results showed that there was inhibition in the proliferation, migration and expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in dose dependent fashion in all the cells used. Thus, we concluded that NNR could be used as traditional medicine in the treatment of various diseases where proliferation, migration and MMPs' expression plays a pathological role like in restenosis and metastasis.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.99-103
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• 2003

Bioactivities of Korean ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) extract were investigated against several fungi, general bacteria and insect pests. Crude methanolic extracts of different parts of Korean ginkgo showed different bioactivities depending on the target organisms. The methanolic extract showed in vitro antimicrobial activity at dose of 200 ug per paper disc. The extract of ginkgo stalk was some higher than seed coat and root. The extract also showed a remarkable in vivo antifungal activity against green mold (Trichoderma harzianum) on compost surface of spawn bags and in vivo insecticidal activity to Nilaparvata lugens, Plutella xylostella and Tetranychus urticae. This study suggests that Korean ginkgo extracts have a potential as a natural pesticide.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.848-852
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• 2010

This study investigated the antibacterial activities of extracts and fractions of Sasa borealis against eight bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Psedomonas aerginosa, Salmonella choleraesuis, Serratia marcescens and Vibrio vulnificus) by broth dilution assay. Using survival curves, the kinetics of bacterial inactivation upon exposure to the extracts and fractions were followed for 24 h. In this same manner, MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values were determined by broth microdilution assay and then confirmed to be the extract concentrations that inhibited bacterial growth. Sasa borealis extracts showed antibacterial activities against all tested bacteria. In particular, all tested fractions of Sasa borealis had stronger activities than 70% ethanol extract. MIC of Sasa borealis extract was determined to be 5 mg/mL against Salmonella choleraesuis. All fractions of Sasa borealis extract had extremely strong antibacterial activities. MIC of fractions were determined to be 0.03~2.5 mg/mL. These results suggest that the extracts and fractions of Sasa borealis effectively inhibited bacterial growth and thus are useful as natural antibacterial agents.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.235-242
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• 2004

The alcoholic extract of dried roots of Rubia cordifolia dose dependently reduced blood sugar level in alloxan treated rats. The extract also reduced ulcer index, plasma corticosterone in cold restrain stressed rats in dose related manner. The mice treated with alcoholic extract of Rubia cordifolia spent more time in the open arm of the elevated plus maze indicating anxiolytic activity. The extract also antagonized the amnesic effect of scopolamine in mice as indicated by reduced transfer latency in the elevated plus maze. Thus the plant bears potential for use in diabetes, stress, anxiety, and dementia.

• BMB Reports
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.111-116
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• 2017

Natural product drugs, or botanical drugs, are drugs composed of natural substances which have constituents with healthenhancing or medicinal activities. In Korea, government-led projects brought attention to botanical drugs invigorating domestic botanical drug industry. Foreign markets, as well, are growing bigger as the significance of botanical drugs stood out. To follow along with the tendency, Korea puts a lot of effort on developing botanical drugs suitable for global market. However, standards for approving drug sales vary by countries. And also, thorough standardization, certification, clinical studies and data of these will be required as well as data confirming safety and effectiveness. Meanwhile, as an international exchange in botanical drug market continues, the importance of plant resources was emphasized. Thus countries' ownership of domestic natural resources became vital. Not only establishing a systematic method to secure domestic plant resources, but also cooperation with other countries on sharing natural resources is essential to procure natural resources effectively. Korea started to show visible results with botanical drugs, and asthma/COPD treatment made out of speedwell is one example. Sufficient investment and government's active support for basic infrastructure for global botanical drugs will bring Korea to much higher level of botanical drug development.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.203-206
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• 1987

An activity guided fractionation of the methanol extract of Cassiae Semen yielded three platelet anti-aggregatory components, aurantio-obtusin, chryso-obtusin and emodin.