• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.357-366
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Mathematical model such as GLEAMS have been developed and successfully applied to upland fields to estimate the level of pesticide residues in soil. But, the GLEAMS model rarely applied to the Korean conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS: To evaluate pesticide transport in soil residue using the GLEAMS model from pepper plot, Alachlor, Endosulfan, Cypermethrin and Fenvalerate were applied for standard and double rate. Soil sampling was conducted and decaying patterns of pesticides were investigated. Observed climate data such as temperature and irrigation amount were used for hydrology simulation. The observed pesticide residue data of 2008 were used for parameter calibration, and validation of GLEAMS model was conducted with observed data of 2009. After calibration, the $K_{oc}$ (Organic carbon distribution coefficient) and WSHFRC (Washoff fraction) parameters were identified as key parameters. The simulated concentrations of the pesticides except Fenvalerate were sensitive to $K_{oc}$ parameter. Overall, soil residue concentrations of Alachlor, Cypermethrin and Fenvalerate were fairly simulated compared to those of Endosulfan. The applicability of the GLEAMS model was also confirmed by statistical analysis. CONCLUSION(s): GLEAMS model was eligible for evaluation of pesticide soil residue for Alachlor, Cypermethrin and Fenvalerate.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 1976

It has been well known that indiscriminative use of pesticides contaminates water resources and soil to break down the balance of natural ecosystem and brings acute when spray. In this country, 62,602 tons of pesticides were used in 1974 for agricultural purpose figuring 28.0 kg per hectare which showed 20% increasement every year since 1970. It is almost impossible to figure out incidence and mortality of acute pesticide poisoning exactly. However, a survey in 1974 reported that 33.5% of male and 32.7% of female who sprayed certain pesticides complained of several symptoms seemed to be due to acute pesticide poisoning. It also mentioned that the main cause inducing poisoning supposedly was dusting without protective armamation such as masks, booths, gloves and others in more than 60% of above cases. Pesticide poisoning through contamination of food or direct inhalation and contact. With the reason, the followings can be recommended to minimize or prevent pesticide hazards. 1. Strict legal control 2. Systematic education on the safe handling way of pesticides for the people who are to use them. 3. Remarkable warning at transportation and stocking of pesticides. 4. Obligatory attachment of explanation on the package about effect, safe handling method, and. emergency care at acute pesticide poisoning concerned.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.743-746
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• 2005

A dipstick-type immunochemical biosensor for the detection of the organophosphorus insecticide fenthion was developed using a screen-printed electrode system as an amperometric transducer with polyclonal antibodies against fenthion as a bioreceptor. The assay of the biosensor involved competition between the pesticide in the sample and pesticide-glucose oxidase conjugate for binding to the antibody immobilized on the membrane. This was followed by measurement of the activity of the bound enzyme by the supply of the enzyme substrate (glucose) and amperometric determination of the enzyme reaction product ($H_2O_2$). The activity of the bound enzyme was inversely proportional to the concentration of pesticide. The optimized sensor system showed a linear response against the logarithm of the pesticide concentration ranging from $10^{-2}$ to $10^3\;{\mu}g/L$.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2022

Background: Potato is the main crop of Ardabil Plain (accounting for one-fifth of potato production in Iran). Its health hazard risk to farmers is rising due to the increasing rate of pesticide use. The present study analyzes potato farmers' health hazard risk in the use of chemical pesticides. Methods: The rate of pesticide use by farmers (n = 370) was first compared with the recommended dosage (on pesticide label). Then, a composite index was employed to estimate the health hazard risk of farmers during pesticide use, and the variables accounting for pesticide overuse and nonoveruse were analyzed. Safety behavior was examined in four steps, namely of pesticide purchase and storage, preparation, application, and postapplication. Results: It was found that 74.6 percent of potato farmers used pesticides in higher concentrations than the recommended dosage. The higher average rate of pesticide use versus recommendation (label instruction) was related to Chlorpyrifos and Trifluralin, and the highest average health hazard risk among farmers was related to the use of Chlorpyrifos and Metribuzin. Farmers with a higher risk of health hazard displayed much lower safety behavior than the other farmers at all steps of pesticide use. Conclusion: The most important variables discriminating the health hazard risk of farmers' overuse included health behavior identity, attitude, knowledge and awareness, and cues to action. Therefore, using social media, holding local exhibitions, and engaging local leaders and skilled farmers in the region to improve farmers' attitudes and health behavior identity toward the dangers of chemical pesticides can play a significant role in motivating farmers' display of overuse preventive behaviors.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2007

The diversity of spider communities was investigated in the pine forest of Pinus densiflora in Songri-san, where chemical pesticides had been applied to control pine gall midge (Thecodiplosis japonensis). Spider communities were surveyed in four areas: a pesticide-untreated natural forest (area A), a forest with vinyl-covered ground surface (area B), an aldicarb-treated forest (area C) and a forest treated with a systemic pesticide (phosphamidon) (area D). A total of 74 spider species from 17 families were collected from the four survey areas. There were 54 species from 15 families in area A, 27 species from 12 families in area B, 29 species from 9 families in area C and 34 species from 9 families in area D, respectively. The species diversity of spider communities was highest in pesticide-untreated area A, and much lower in the other three areas. The monthly species diversity of spider communities was highest in May and lowest in January. The similarity of the spider communities was highest in areas B and D. The monthly similarity of the spider communities was highest in November and February. The dominant species was Clubiona jucunda (12.71%, N=304 individuals). According to our results, the application of aldicarb and phosphamidon dramatically decreased spider diversity and the number of individuals in the forests. Thus, the application of these two pesticides to natural forests should be restricted, or alternative pesticides need to be developed. Our results also indicated that application of the pesticides should be avoided in May and June when high spider diversity is expected.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.28-38
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• 2009

Bifenthrin, chlorothalonil, cypermethrin, diazinon, fenvalerate, phenthoate 및 procymidone 등 7종의 농약에 대한 잔류시험을 통해 외삽적용을 위한 연구를 실시하였다. 실험을 위해 소면적 재배작물 중 잔류농약 부적합 사례가 많은 작물을 중심으로 11종의 엽채류, 5종의 근채류, 그리고 6종의 경채류를 포함한 총 22종의 작물을 선정하여 재배한 후 7종의 농약을 각각 처리하여 24시간 경과 시점을 1일로 하여 1, 3, 5, 7 일차에 수확하여 분석하였다. 실험결과 회수율은 엽채류는 $72.0{\sim}117.0%$, 경채류는 $81.3{\sim}105.0%$, 그리고 근채류는 $70.1{\sim}108.1%$ 수준이었고 검출한계는 엽채류는 0.005-0.1 mg/kg, 경채류와 근채류는 0.001-0.005mg/kg 수준이었다. 농약의 감소경향과 작물의 표면 형태학적 차이에 의한 농약 잔류특성을 파악 비교하여 선정된 작물을 고잔류군과 저잔류군으로 그룹화하였고 이 내용을 바탕으로 대상 농약들에 대하여 경채류 및 근채류 작물을 대상으로 농약데이터의 외삽을 통한 안전사용기준 및 MRL의 설정이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.151-162
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 분석대상 농약의 선정, 분석대상 식품의 선정, 분석대상 식품의 수집, 추출방법의 최적화를 통해 잔류농약 섭취 수준 평가를 위한 한국형 총식이섭취조사(Total Diet Study, TDS) 모델을 확립하였다. 또한 총식이섭취조사 모델 확립을 위해 필요한 각각의 항목에, 기준을 설정하여 확립된 모델에 의한 잔류농약 수준을 모니터링 하였다. 모니터링은 1단계에서는 총 102종의 대표식품, 2단계에서는 총 70종의 대표식품, 3단계에서는 12종의 대표식단과 109종의 대표식품을 대상으로 98종 농약에 대해 $GC-{\mu}ECD$, GC-MSD, 그리고 LC-MS/MS를 이용하여 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 검출된 농약들은 모두 잔류허용기준(Maximum Residue Limit, MRL) 이하의 잔류량을 보였으나 검출된 잔류농약이 해당 작물에 대해 잔류허용기준이 설정되어 있지 않은 경우도 있었다. 한국형 총식이섭취조사 모델을 확립함은 소비자들에게 안전한 먹거리 제공, 농산물의 안전성 확보 및 농산물 생산자들의 농약 사용에 대한 지속적인 정보 제공의 역할을 할 수 있는 자료를 제공하게 될 것이다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2015

The anti-fungal activity of plant extractives was investigated and the lacquer extractives were selected. The lacquer extractives were coated on anti-fungal paper and confirmed its effect. Water repellency, tensile index and brightness of anti-fungal paper treated with natural extractives were similar to commercial pesticide-treated paper. The incidence of Fusicaladium leuieri MAGNUS of commercial pesticide-treated paper and anti-fungal paper treated with lacquer were similar but, the incidence of Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug.) Ces & De Not and Gloeodes pomigena of those were increased 10-60 % than commercial pesticide-treated paper.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.11-12
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• 2003

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.394-401
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• 2019

The unique study of TiO₂ sol-gel modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) nanocomposites have been developed for electrochemical sensor detecting fipronil pesticide compound. We develop the easy synthesized TiO₂ via a sol-gel method and modified in CPE which applied electrochemical system as cyclic voltammetry (CV) because the concentration is proportional with current peaks. We discover the TiO₂ optimal mass used of 0.1 g which is compared with 0.7 g carbon and 0.3 mL paraffin. It has high-current anodic (Ip_a) of 1.13×10³ μA and high-current cathodic (Ip_c) -0.96×10³ μA in scan rate of 0.5 V/s. The limit of detection (LOD) of fipronil has been determined of 34.0×10^-5 μM in percent recovery of 0.8%. Its high-stability for lifetime TiO₂-CPE nanocomposites was expressed for 13 days which mean that can be used for detecting fipronil pesticide.