• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.357-366
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Mathematical model such as GLEAMS have been developed and successfully applied to upland fields to estimate the level of pesticide residues in soil. But, the GLEAMS model rarely applied to the Korean conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS: To evaluate pesticide transport in soil residue using the GLEAMS model from pepper plot, Alachlor, Endosulfan, Cypermethrin and Fenvalerate were applied for standard and double rate. Soil sampling was conducted and decaying patterns of pesticides were investigated. Observed climate data such as temperature and irrigation amount were used for hydrology simulation. The observed pesticide residue data of 2008 were used for parameter calibration, and validation of GLEAMS model was conducted with observed data of 2009. After calibration, the $K_{oc}$ (Organic carbon distribution coefficient) and WSHFRC (Washoff fraction) parameters were identified as key parameters. The simulated concentrations of the pesticides except Fenvalerate were sensitive to $K_{oc}$ parameter. Overall, soil residue concentrations of Alachlor, Cypermethrin and Fenvalerate were fairly simulated compared to those of Endosulfan. The applicability of the GLEAMS model was also confirmed by statistical analysis. CONCLUSION(s): GLEAMS model was eligible for evaluation of pesticide soil residue for Alachlor, Cypermethrin and Fenvalerate.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 1976

It has been well known that indiscriminative use of pesticides contaminates water resources and soil to break down the balance of natural ecosystem and brings acute when spray. In this country, 62,602 tons of pesticides were used in 1974 for agricultural purpose figuring 28.0 kg per hectare which showed 20% increasement every year since 1970. It is almost impossible to figure out incidence and mortality of acute pesticide poisoning exactly. However, a survey in 1974 reported that 33.5% of male and 32.7% of female who sprayed certain pesticides complained of several symptoms seemed to be due to acute pesticide poisoning. It also mentioned that the main cause inducing poisoning supposedly was dusting without protective armamation such as masks, booths, gloves and others in more than 60% of above cases. Pesticide poisoning through contamination of food or direct inhalation and contact. With the reason, the followings can be recommended to minimize or prevent pesticide hazards. 1. Strict legal control 2. Systematic education on the safe handling way of pesticides for the people who are to use them. 3. Remarkable warning at transportation and stocking of pesticides. 4. Obligatory attachment of explanation on the package about effect, safe handling method, and. emergency care at acute pesticide poisoning concerned.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.743-746
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• 2005

A dipstick-type immunochemical biosensor for the detection of the organophosphorus insecticide fenthion was developed using a screen-printed electrode system as an amperometric transducer with polyclonal antibodies against fenthion as a bioreceptor. The assay of the biosensor involved competition between the pesticide in the sample and pesticide-glucose oxidase conjugate for binding to the antibody immobilized on the membrane. This was followed by measurement of the activity of the bound enzyme by the supply of the enzyme substrate (glucose) and amperometric determination of the enzyme reaction product ($H_2O_2$). The activity of the bound enzyme was inversely proportional to the concentration of pesticide. The optimized sensor system showed a linear response against the logarithm of the pesticide concentration ranging from $10^{-2}$ to $10^3\;{\mu}g/L$.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2022

Background: Potato is the main crop of Ardabil Plain (accounting for one-fifth of potato production in Iran). Its health hazard risk to farmers is rising due to the increasing rate of pesticide use. The present study analyzes potato farmers' health hazard risk in the use of chemical pesticides. Methods: The rate of pesticide use by farmers (n = 370) was first compared with the recommended dosage (on pesticide label). Then, a composite index was employed to estimate the health hazard risk of farmers during pesticide use, and the variables accounting for pesticide overuse and nonoveruse were analyzed. Safety behavior was examined in four steps, namely of pesticide purchase and storage, preparation, application, and postapplication. Results: It was found that 74.6 percent of potato farmers used pesticides in higher concentrations than the recommended dosage. The higher average rate of pesticide use versus recommendation (label instruction) was related to Chlorpyrifos and Trifluralin, and the highest average health hazard risk among farmers was related to the use of Chlorpyrifos and Metribuzin. Farmers with a higher risk of health hazard displayed much lower safety behavior than the other farmers at all steps of pesticide use. Conclusion: The most important variables discriminating the health hazard risk of farmers' overuse included health behavior identity, attitude, knowledge and awareness, and cues to action. Therefore, using social media, holding local exhibitions, and engaging local leaders and skilled farmers in the region to improve farmers' attitudes and health behavior identity toward the dangers of chemical pesticides can play a significant role in motivating farmers' display of overuse preventive behaviors.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 2007

The diversity of spider communities was investigated in the pine forest of Pinus densiflora in Songri-san, where chemical pesticides had been applied to control pine gall midge (Thecodiplosis japonensis). Spider communities were surveyed in four areas: a pesticide-untreated natural forest (area A), a forest with vinyl-covered ground surface (area B), an aldicarb-treated forest (area C) and a forest treated with a systemic pesticide (phosphamidon) (area D). A total of 74 spider species from 17 families were collected from the four survey areas. There were 54 species from 15 families in area A, 27 species from 12 families in area B, 29 species from 9 families in area C and 34 species from 9 families in area D, respectively. The species diversity of spider communities was highest in pesticide-untreated area A, and much lower in the other three areas. The monthly species diversity of spider communities was highest in May and lowest in January. The similarity of the spider communities was highest in areas B and D. The monthly similarity of the spider communities was highest in November and February. The dominant species was Clubiona jucunda (12.71%, N=304 individuals). According to our results, the application of aldicarb and phosphamidon dramatically decreased spider diversity and the number of individuals in the forests. Thus, the application of these two pesticides to natural forests should be restricted, or alternative pesticides need to be developed. Our results also indicated that application of the pesticides should be avoided in May and June when high spider diversity is expected.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.28-38
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• 2009

An extrapolation of residue data of seven commonly used pesticides namely bifenthrin, chlorothalonil, cypermethrin, diazinon, fenvalerate, phenthoate and procymidone on a total of 22 minor crops has been carried out in an experimental field trial. The pesticides were applied to 11 leafy-, 5 root- and 6 stem-crops grown in the experimental green-house and the crops and plants were randomly collected at 1, 3, 5, 7 days after application. The average recoveries of applied pesticides were ranged from 72.0 to 117.0% in leafy crops, from 81.3 to 105.0% in stem crops and from 70.1 to 108.1% in the root-crops. Limits of detection (LODs) were 0.005-0.1 mg/kg in the leafy crops and 0.001-0.005 mg/kg in both the stem & root crops. Based on the results of residual dissipation pattern and their morphology, all crops were classified into high and low residual groups. The results showed that it might be possible to extrapolate residual data of stem-crops to root-crops within the same group. Crops that have currently no registered pesticide for use, would be possible to use the pesticides which are already been registered for the similar crops.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.151-162
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• 2012

This study was carried out to establish Korean total diet study (TDS) model for estimating pesticide residue in food samples. In addition, pesticide residues of food samples were monitored by setting the standards of established Korean total diet study model. For monitoring, first step were selection of total 102 species food samples, second step were selection of total 70 species food samples, and third step were selection of total 12 representative diet and 109 species food samples. Ninety-eight pesticides were analyzed using $GC-{\mu}ECD$, GC-MS, and LC-MS/MS after QuEChERS sample preparation method. The residue levels in detected food samples were below the maximum residue limit (MRL). Establishment of the Korean total diet study model means providing safe food for consumers, secure the safety of food samples and provide ongoing information to agricultural producers about use of pesticides.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2015

The anti-fungal activity of plant extractives was investigated and the lacquer extractives were selected. The lacquer extractives were coated on anti-fungal paper and confirmed its effect. Water repellency, tensile index and brightness of anti-fungal paper treated with natural extractives were similar to commercial pesticide-treated paper. The incidence of Fusicaladium leuieri MAGNUS of commercial pesticide-treated paper and anti-fungal paper treated with lacquer were similar but, the incidence of Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug.) Ces & De Not and Gloeodes pomigena of those were increased 10-60 % than commercial pesticide-treated paper.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.11-12
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• 2003

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.394-401
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• 2019

The unique study of TiO₂ sol-gel modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) nanocomposites have been developed for electrochemical sensor detecting fipronil pesticide compound. We develop the easy synthesized TiO₂ via a sol-gel method and modified in CPE which applied electrochemical system as cyclic voltammetry (CV) because the concentration is proportional with current peaks. We discover the TiO₂ optimal mass used of 0.1 g which is compared with 0.7 g carbon and 0.3 mL paraffin. It has high-current anodic (Ip_a) of 1.13×10³ μA and high-current cathodic (Ip_c) -0.96×10³ μA in scan rate of 0.5 V/s. The limit of detection (LOD) of fipronil has been determined of 34.0×10^-5 μM in percent recovery of 0.8%. Its high-stability for lifetime TiO₂-CPE nanocomposites was expressed for 13 days which mean that can be used for detecting fipronil pesticide.