• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.88-96
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• 2014

Natural hydraulic lime (NHL) is produced by burning a form of low-grade limestone containing silica and alumina which, above certain temperatures, combine with calcium oxide. The resulting silicates and aluminates impart hydraulic properties to the product. This study aims to determine the calcined characteristics of NHL using domestic low-grade limestone with maximized hydraulic properties. Six types of low-grade limestone containing $SiO_2$ were selected and experiments were carried out with different burning temperatures and holding times. The burning temperature and holding time as the most suitable burning conditions were $1,200^{\circ}C$ to $1,300^{\circ}C$ and 3 to 7 h, respectively, for the manufacturing of NHL from domestic low-grade limestone. These results demonstrate the feasibility of NHL using domestic low-grade limestone to produce NHL.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.495-503
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• 2021

Aggregate is a major natural resource used in SOC construction, such as housing, roads, ports, etc., and is a fundamental material for national construction. Although aggregates account for only about 4% of the construction cost, aggregates occupy about 80% of the construction volume and are essential factors that determine the quantity and quality of buildings. For river, underwater, riverbed, sea, and land aggregates, it is difficult to rapidly increase the production of aggregates when there is difficulty in supply and demand due to environmental problems and limited resources during production, whereas forest aggregates are relatively easy to increase production. Forest aggregates are considered promising as alternative aggregate resources in the future when reducing other aggregates due to their abundance of natural resources, and are an effective aggregate source that can flexibly respond to aggregate demand in accordance with well-organized plans and policies. This study proposed the plan for activating the development of forest aggregates in the case of long and short transport distances, which is a factor that has a great influence on the development, and measures for the current difficulties in forest aggregate development

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.100-104
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• 2005

We investigated mineral difference from mushroom Phellinus linteus and Phellinus baumii on mulberry, oak and elm. ICP test, The major mineral components were K, Ca, and Fe, while Mg, Na, P, Cr, Mn, Cu and Zn were determined as micro mineral components. In case of P.linetus and P.baumii the component of K was shown as 699.0mg/100g and 630mg/100g, in oak, 340.7mg/100g and 314.6mg/100g in elm, and 311.6mg/100g and 311.6mg/100g in mulberry respectively. In Ca, mulberry fruiting body were shown about 2 times highest and expecially in case of Na was oak fruiting body were shown as 10 times highest as against the others sample groups. In micro mineral components, Zn component was shown very diffeence about sample groups. We concluded that the highest mineral component of K was shown in mushroom cultivated on oak of both P.linetus and P.baumii. As a results, mineral component has showed very difference on cultivated to timber. According to the results of mineral component we concluded that Phellinus linteus and Phellinus baumii has mineral component different depending on timber.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2010

The absolute clay mineral compositions and regional distribution of the 131 bulk marine surface sediments around the Jeju Island was compared to their relative compositions and distribution using quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis. Average absolute clay mineral composition is illite 15.3% (0.5~40.5%), chlorite 2.6% (0~7.9%), and kaolinite 1% (0~5.6%). Total contents of the clay minerals are very high in the South Sea of Korea, northwestern part and southern offshore of Jeju Island. The average relative composition is illite 70.9% (16.7~89%), chlorite 21.5% (8.4~68.5%), and kaolinite 7.6% (0~29.3%). Relative illite contents are high in the northwestern and southeastern part of study area, and southern part of Jeju Island. Chlorite contents are high in the eastern part of study area and western part of Jeju Island. Kaolinite contents are high in the western and southern part of Jeju Island, and southern offshore of Jeju Isand. Absolute Distribution patterns are very similar to those of fine-grained (from clay to silt) sediment, whereas relative distribution patterns do not show any relationship with those of fine-grained sediment.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.339-352
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• 2022

As environmental criteria items are increased or strengthened, cases of heavy metal contamination by geogenic origin are increasing, and the need to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic origins in soil or groundwater exceeding the standard is increasing. In this study, geochemical occurrences of geogenic heavy metals were identified through statistical processing of the national geochemical map data and evaluation of geochemical characteristics of regions with high geoaccumulation indices. Cobalt, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn were targeted for which the national geochemical maps were prepared, and Co, Cr, Ni, and V derived from ultrabasic or ultramafic rocks were classified as factor 1. Copper, Pb and Zn of non-ferrous sulfide origin were classified as factor 2. In particular, enrichment of heavy metals by factor 1 occurs mainly in the serpentine distribution areas of the Chungcheong region, and there is a risk of contamination in neighboring areas. In the case of factor 2, geogenic occurrence is concerned not only in non-ferrous metal mineralization areas such as Taebacksan and Gyeongnam mineralization zones, but also in Au-Ag mineralization areas distributed nationwide.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.241-253
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• 2021

Manganese nodules have been found in the shallow water depth of the Arctic Ocean as well as in the abyssal plains of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, but detailed study for them were rarely investigated. Manganese nodules, collected from the East Siberian Sea through the Arctic Expedition using Araon ice braking vessel, have a high potential for Mn mineral resources because they have high Mn content with high Mn/Fe ratio. This study investigated the external form, size and weight, internal texture for the non-spherical manganese nodule, which has about 7 % of total nodule from the East Siberian Sea. This study also researched the relative Mn-oxide mineral composition using the peak area ratio of X-ray diffraction pattern and their chemical composition. All data obtained from non-spherical nodules were compared with the spherical ones. Ellipsoidal, platy and irregular types are common among 5 groups of non-spherical manganese nodule based on the external form, and major axis and weight have positive relationship. All non-spherical manganese nodules have core mainly composed of mud sediments. The average Mn oxide mineral contents in nodules are birnessite, buserite and todorokite in descending order. Although mineral composition does not show any correlation with the external form, kind of core or internal structure, todorokite and buserite contents tend to increase and birnessite content decrease from the surface to the core in the nodule. Non-spherical manganese nodules have higher Mn content and Mn/Fe ratio than those from the shallow water depth of the Arctic Sea and even in the deep-sea of the Pacific and Indian Ocean. Although non-spherical nodule is larger and heavier, and has lower Mn content and Mn/Fe ratio than spherical nodule, there are not any differences in mineral composition and internal structure between them. Almost all manganese nodules collected from the East Siberian Sea are attributed to diagenetic process, because they are higher than 5 in Mn/Fe ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.1076-1086
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• 1994

This study covers synthetic effect of the various hydrothermal treatments on formation of artificially made kaolinite mineral. The hydrothermal treatment includes the temperature treatment with time duration, addition of seeds, particle size of the starting material used, pH variation and the different types of organic acids. A colloidal silica and alumina sol which are commercially available are used for this study. A colloidal silica and alumina sol are mixed by the atomic ratio of Al/Si = 1, based on the theoretical kaolinite composition and calcined at $600^{\circ}C$ for 8 hours duration. It was found that the kaolinitic clay mineral was well developed; thereby, the different patterns of crystalline mineral are appeared. Spherical type as a crystal form was distinctively formed at the temperature of 20$0^{\circ}C$ to 25$0^{\circ}C$ with short duration time, while platy type as a crystal was highly yielded at 300~35$0^{\circ}C$. Moreover, by adding more than 20 wt% of seed as the natural kaolinitic clay to the starting material is widely distributed and developed when 2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ or less particle size of the starting material is used; also, when they are heat-treated at the temperature of 25$0^{\circ}C$ with 5 hours duration. With respect of the effect of pH variation on formation of the synthetic kaolinite minerals, the crystalline minerals are highly yielded at less than pH 2 and gradually diminished at more than pH9. Regarding to the effect of different acids on development of the kaolinite mineral, the organic acids with high chelating capacity produces good formation of crystalline minerals; whereas, amine radical-(NH2) is not an effective agent to generate the crystalline minerals.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 1996

To find out the mineral cycles of calcium, magnesium and sodium in dynamic grassland cosystems in a steady state condition, this investigation was conducted along the northwest side on Mt. Kwanak. The experimental results may he suromarized on the communities of a Zoysia japonica and a Miscanthus sinesis as follows. As compared with some properties of the surface soils among two semi-natural grasslands, cal- cium (Ca) was greater quantity in a Zoysia japonica, whereas, in a Miscanthus sicensis, sodium (Na)and magnesium (Mg) were greater in Mt. Kwanak. For the case of steady production and release, the ratio of annual mineral production to the amount accumulated on the top of mineral soil in a steady state provides the estimates of release constant k. The release constants of Ca, Mg and Na of the litter were 0.42, 0.25 and 0.29 in the Zoysia japonica grassland, and were 0.41, 0.54 arid 0.62 in the Miscanthus sinensis grassland, respect- ively. The half times of Ca, Mg and Na required for the release or accumulation of the litter on the grassland were 1.65, 2.77 and 2.39 in the Zoysia japonica, and were 1.69, 1.28 and 1.12 in the Miscauthus sinensis, respectively. The increasing order of the turnover parameters of the elements was Ca, Na and Mg in the Zoysia japonica grassland, and was Na, Mg and Ca in the Miscanthus Si nens is grassland. The amounts of annual cycles for Ca, Mg, Na in the grassland ecosystem under the steady-state conditions were 1.29, 0.20 and 0.12 g /m$^2$ in the Zoysia japonica grassland and 3.91, 1.04 and 0.61 g /m$^2$ in the Miscanthus sinensis grassland.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.253-263
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• 2011

Mineralogical characteristics of garnierite ores from the Nakety, Kouaoua, and Ouaco Ni laterite deposits in New Caledonia are investigated using optical microscopy, powder X-ray diffractometer, and electron proble microanalyzer. Green garnierite ores have colloform, cellular, and boxwork texture, which are formed by precipitation under low temperature surface environment. They are mainly composed of Ni-bearing talc~willemseite series mineral and partly of lizardite. In Ni-bearing talc~willemseite series mineral, NiO contents are Ouaco (average 40.63%), Nakety (average 28.58%), and Kouaoua (average 24.90%), in descending order. Ni atomic percentage replacing Mg in octahedral site are 43.5~85.0%. Dark brown garnierite ores show cellular or boxwork texture, and consist of lizardite~Ni lizardite with some Ni-bearing talc~willemseite series mineral. Ni contents in lizardite~Ni lizardite are 1.14~4.06 wt. % and Ni atomic percentage replacing Mg in octahedral site 1.7~6.8%. Low NiO content in dark brown garnierite attributes to high Fe content replacing Mg in octahedral site.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.311-319
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mineral taping containing natural minerals powder on knee joint pain and swelling in the elderly. Forty elderly people with knee pain were divided into 20 mineral taping groups and 20 kinesio taping groups and randomly placed in a single blind manner. The study period was conducted from April 6, 2020 to April 7, 2020, and pain and blood flow by time point were examined before, after, and after 1 day of taping. Knee pain was significantly different in the post-test (F = 93.758, p <.001) and the post-day test (F = 93.758, p <0.001) for each measurement point. The blood flow test for edema was significantly different in the post-test (F = 48.648, p <0.001) and the post-day test (F = 35,427, p <0.001) for each measurement time point. There was no significant difference in the effect test result for each group (F = 0.160, p> 0.05). However, When comparing the retention effect after 1 day, the mineral taping group was excellent to the post-score than the Kinesio taping group. In the future, we believe that increasing the taping time and retention period will have a positive effect. It is thought that the results of this study will contribute to the study of taping materials in the future.