• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.382-389
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with lower electric cost and the specific wavelength have been considering as a novel light source for plant production in greenhouse conditions as well as in a closed culture system. Supplementary lighting for day-length extension was considered as light intensity, light quality, and/or photoperiod control on plant growth and development. Effects of supplementary blue or red LED radiation with lower light intensity on growth of Ageratum (Ageratum houstonianum Mill., cv. Blue Field), African marigold (Tagetes erecta L., cv. Orange Boy), and Salvia (Salvia splendens F. Sello ex Ruem & Schult., cv. Red Vista) were discussed during sunrise and sunset twilight in the experiment. METHODS AND RESULTS: Supplementary lighting by blue and red LEDs for 30 (Treatment B30; R30) or 60 (Treatment B60; R60) min. per day were established in greenhouse conditions. Photosynthetic photon flux for supplementary radiation was kept at $15{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ on the culture bed. Natural condition without supplementary light was considered as a control. The highest shoot and root dry weights were shown in African marigold exposed by red light for 60 min. per day. Supplementary blue and red lighting regardless of the radiation time significantly stimulated development of lateral branches in African marigold. Stem growth in Ageratum and Salvia seedlings was significantly promoted by red radiation as well as natural light. CONCLUSIONS: Extending of the radiation time at sunrise and sunset twilight using LEDs stimulated reproductive growth of flowering plant species. Different characteristics on growth under supplementary blue or red lighting conditions were also observed in the seedlings during supplementary radiation.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2017

Purpose : Ando Tadao has his own unique architectural conception to reproduce natural view on site, and he continues to create new architecture without regarding to any principles. Ando Tadao experiments his imagination through the museum architecture, starts organization of space with light, and completes organization of space with light at once. Methods : The research works as follows: 1) Analyzes the meaningful characteristics showed in his architectural works. 2) Analyze organization of space and use of light in museums designed by Ando Tadao. 3) Selecte his representative museums in Korea and Japan, and then analyze space composition and light use through literature study and field survey. Result : The organization of museum space by Ando Tadao has a close relationship with the light. Light designed by Ando Tadao represents unique architectural varieties such as cushioning space, moving line, spatial characterization, and natural influx.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2013

Recent researches on plant factory system deal with the convergence of lighting technology, agricultural technology inclusive to the high-tech industries worldwide in order to respond to the decreasing crop harvest due to global warming and abnormal weather phenomena. However, the fundamental performance standard is not currently being introduced in the case of plants factory and its commercialization is not activated because of high initial investment and operating cost. Large portion of the initial investment and operating cost of a plant factory is ascribed to artificial light sources and thermal control facilities, therefore, innovation should be provided in order to improve the economics of the plant factory. As an alternative, new plant factory could harness solar thermal and geothermal systems for heating, cooling and ventilation. In this study, a natural light dependent multi-layer plant factory's thermal environment was analyzed with two-dimensional numerical methods to elicit efficient operation conditions for optimized internal physical environment. Depending on the supply air temperature and airflow rate introduced in the facility, the temperature changes around the crops was interpreted. Since the air supplied into the plant factory does not stay long enough, the ambient temperature predicted around the plating trays was not significantly different from that of the supplied air. However, the changes of airflow rate and air flow pattern could cause difference to the temperature around the planting trays. Increasing the amount of time of air staying around the planting trays could improve energy performance in case the thermal environment of a natural light based multi-layer plant factory is considered.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2014

Museums have developed various needs of the visitors and exhibits over the past two centuries. Currently, they have multiple functions of display, conservation, research and public education about artworks and cultural events. Therefore, exhibits should be displayed in various ways so that visitors can feel inter-relations with exhibits. The exhibition areas of museums should be provided with the stable lighting environment for visitors and artworks. For the study, I selected four museums, which were the Seoul Museum, the Mimesis Art Museum, the Seoul Museum of Art in Nowon and the National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art in Gwacheon, and I measured illumination levels of the selected Museums, and then, I surveyed the visitors' responses on the lighting conditions of them. According to the results, the measurements of the illumination levels in the four museums showed that the illumination levels of them were effectively controlled to display the art works. However, the illuminance levels at some areas that drew the natural light as lighting source were much higher than recommended illumination values for museum. In the mean time, the answers of questionnaires showed that the natural light were so effective to light the museums although the natural light provided some areas with high illumination levels.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1891-1899
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• 2016

Recently food problem and crop disaster have been increased continuously because of the meteorological changes. These cause rising cost for crops continuously and irregularly. Some researchers have studied straight structure of device for hydroponics and plant factory previously to solve a fundamental part of these problems. However, there are several problems such as limited crop cultivation space, providing irregular nutrients for crops, and lack of monitoring interfaces. For them, we propose an optimal growth and development crops management system using light source tracking and recirculation of nutrient solution method to supply nutrient continuously based on IoT. In order to evaluate the performance of our system, we compared and analyzed in terms of two viewpoints, the tracking analysis for natural light source measurement and the growth of crops through artificial light, LED, respectively. We confirmed that the higher the duty ratio of LED, the larger the crop's size, particularly. As well as, for about 1 month, we compared with the existing natural light growing environment and that of our system. It was confirmed that the size of the crops grown through our system is about three times larger than that of natural light natural crops.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2013

This study is to eliminate the need for conventional high density plant factory's artificial light source such as LED to reduce the initial investment of the light source installation as well as the operation cost. Use of solar light could enhance the quality of the vegetables similar to those grown in the natural environment. Provision of solar light into the multilayer vegetable cultivation facilities and collecting maximum and sustainable sunlight without too much loss by tracing solar path and properly distributing it through careful control during daytime are crucial for realizing the investigated rooftop light shelf system for multi-layered vegetable cultivation. In this study, we developed an innovative way of effectively allocating sunlight inside even to otherwise shaded zone of a multi-layer vegetable cultivation facility. To prove the effectiveness of the system's sunlight collection and distribution capability, both simulation and experiment in Daejeon are performed and the outcome is analyzed.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.245-253
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• 2011

As interests towards health rapidly increase recently, interests and demand for hospital interior space are increasing as well. Therefore, most of today's hospitals that have been functionally designed are transforming into healing environments that consider psychological aspects, in order to assist patients forget about fear, desperation and have peace of mind. With such creation method of healing environment, natural elements can be applied to spaces in order to allow patients feel vitality, hope and adapt positive thinking, and these can eventually lead to affluent fusion of humans, nature and space. Through case analyses of how natural elements are applied to hospital's interior space, this study understands its characteristics. According to the findings, nature is largely classified into light, water, plant, stone/soil, and its application methods can be classified into center, transition, continuity, division, opening and closure. As evident from case analyses, application of natural elements to hospital's interior space promotes exchanges among patients through community formation, and achieves the effect of spatial concentration and public place. Also, ambiguity of exterior and interior boundary creates a sense of expansion and continuous effect, and can also provide a healing environment that can fully absorb natural environment open to patients. This study aims to be of service when designing hospital's interior space, with its natural element application method for healing environment research, and wishes for continuous studies on healing environments with more diverse methods.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2011

There are high recognitions on the importance of comforts in Elderly living environment, but the circumstance is that studies on seniors facility space itself are approached only in planning level, and studies on lighting environment which is significantly associated with the comfort in the indoor environment of seniors where they actually spend the majority of their time are not that active. This study was intended to deduce cozy bedroom environment to which existing elderly care facility can be improved by using light shelf the lighting system with the advantage of being able to serve both as building sun visor and lighting window simultaneously in order to analyze the interior environment of bedroom space of elderly care facility the indoor space where the aged spend the majority of their life and examine the directions for the improvement of existing building lighting system through remodeling and renovation. In this study, lighting performance analysis was done in a way that the windows of the bedroom unit in existing facility were set in southbound direction based on two standard types and were put under initial simulation with the use of Autodesk Revit 2011, and after the simulation results were converted to Green Building Studio gbXML file to be used in ECOTECT, Daylight Autonomy a dynamic simulation and static natural lighting simulation the existing method of calculating daylight factors were deduced through Ecotect Analysis 2011. In conclusion, exiting standard model was found in such a condition that the daylight factors for both type A and type B were above 5% the proper standard value, and required improvement. In case light shelf the natural lighting system was attached, the daylight factor was improved to proper standard value for type A, and also was improved above existing facility for type B.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2012

Quercus aliena and Q. serrata are both occur as natural vegetation alongside natural freshwater bodies of the southern Korea Peninsula. Q. serrata dominates over Q. aliena as secondary forest vegetation in the present day. In order to explain these natural distributional traits of the oak species, we conducted some experiments with oak seedlings which treated with major important environmental resources, including light, moisture and nutrients, under controlled conditions. We then measured the ecological niche breadths and overlap from 15 eco-morphological characteristics. The ecological niche breadth of Q. aliena and Q. serrata were higher in terms of the nutrient factor applied, but was lower terms of light. The niche breadth of Q. serrata was wider than that of Q. aliena in light and moisture exposure. On the other hand, the niche breadth of Q. aliena was similar with that of Q. serrata in terms of the nutrient factor applied. These results imply that Q. serrata has a broader ecological distribution in over a wider variety of light and moisture environments than that of Q. alien. Ecological niche overlap between two oak species was the widest in terms of the light treatment factor applied, and narrowest in terms of moisture. This response pattern was also verified by cluster and principle component analysis. These results suggest competitive interactions between Q. serrata and Q. aliena seedlings may be higher for light resources than moisture or nutrient resources, and that Q. serrata is more shade tolerant than Q. aliena.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2016

Purpose: As the energy consumed by buildings increases, there is a growing need for studies and technology development to address this issue. One of the solutions to excessive energy use by buildings is the light-shelf, which is a natural lighting system enabling efficient reduction in light energy, and research in this area has been intensive. However, most of the studies about the light-shelf are limited to the light environment, and thus the application of their findings to an actual environment in the form of a design may be problematic. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to provide fundamental data for light-shelf design by carrying out a light-shelf performance evaluation on the basis of the light environment and the heating and cooling environment. Method: In the present study, a testbed was established to conduct a light-shelf performance evaluation by measuring the electric power consumption of lighting and heating and cooling devices depending on the existence of a light-shelf and its angle. Result: The findings of the present study are as follows: 1) With respect to the uniformity of the indoor light environment amenity, the optimum angle of a light-shelf was found to be $30^{\circ}$ for the summer solstice and the winter solstice. 2) With respect to the reduction of electric power consumption by indoor lighting devices, the optimum light-shelf angle at the summer solstice is $30^{\circ}$, at which time electric power consumption may be reduced by 10.2% in comparison with when no light-shelf is applied. However, at the winter solstice, a light-shelf may increase the energy consumption for lighting in comparison with when no light-shelf is applied, and this should be taken into account in the design of a light-shelf. 3) In terms of reducing the electric power consumption of heating and cooling devices, the optimum angle of a light-shelf was found to be $30^{\circ}$ for the summer solstice, while a light-shelf is inappropriate for the winter solstice since a light-shelf creates shade and thus increases the heating energy consumption. 4) To summarize the findings above, the optimum angle of a light-shelf is $30^{\circ}$ for the summer solstice, but the installation of a light-shelf may in some circumstances increase the energy consumed by lighting devices as well as by heating and cooling devices. Therefore, more studies and technology development may need to be performed to solve the problem of increased energy consumption at the winter solstice.