• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2000.04b
• /
• pp.322-327
• /
• 2000

Natural convection heat transfer in an enclosure with an opening in the right vertical wall and a heat source at the bottom surface is investigated using a holographic interferometric technique. The effects of the opening length, divider length attached to the top wall, and heater temperature on the temperature distribution are examined. The openging length as well as the divider length greatly affects the degree of inflow and outflow of air. With a small opening, the opening doesn't affect much the upward warm air flow resulting in the symmetric temperature distribution. On the other hand, with the increase of the opening length, the inward cold flow moves the upward flow to the left direction. With the increase of the divider length, temperature in the lower region of enclosure becomes higher for the small opening and lower for the large opening.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.16 no.10
• /
• pp.479-484
• /
• 2018

This study is an attempt to analyze the changes and morphological analysis of the one length hair style of women in the Imperial Japanese colonial period, and the purpose of this study is to analyze the components of hair design such as shape, texture, and color based on the precedent and the book and to make possible various styles of one length hair style cut. From the results of this study, one length hair style showed the outline shape with no step height of cut length, natural hair texture and natural hair color in 1910s to 1920s. In the 1930s, the one length hair style showed a slight cut length step height and a slight discoloration using a diamond shape, a narrow wave of natural texture, hydrogen peroxide or oxygenated water. In the 1940s, one length hair style did not find any singularity to pursue brilliant beauty(美) in terms of form, texture, and color. This study may enable a deep and detailed follow up study on one length hair style, and will be a cornerstone for the development of basic data of hair beauty education and trend of new mode.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.539-549
• /
• 1993

The purpose of this study was to find out the moving fitness and slit length of tight skirt in relation to its length & silhouette. Five kinds of length, micro mini, mini, natural line, medi and maxi, and two kinds of siihuette, slim & straight-a total of ten tight skirts-were investigated. Ten college students were chosen for this experiment. The moving fitness was tested by measuring the step length, step width and step angle in the case of walking on the flat and going up the stairway & bus stair. The slit length was tested by measuring the back slit length needed in the case of going up stairway & bus stair. Data were analyzed with use of SAS pakage. The statistics were based on average, standard diviation, two-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis. The main results were as follows. 1. There was significant difference in the moving fitness according to length & silhouette of tight skirt. The moving fitness of slim type was lower than that of straight type and the longer the skirt length was, the lower the moving fitness was. The significance appeared particularly in the case of going up the bus stair. 2. There was significant difference in the skirt length obove slit accorting to length & silhouette of tight skirt. The skirt length obove slit of slim type was shorter than that of straight type. The longer skirt length was, the longer it was from micro mini to natural line, that of medi skirt was shorter or a little longer than that of natural line skirt and there was little change from medi skirt to maxi skirt.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.24 no.12
• /
• pp.1588-1595
• /
• 2000

Natural convection heat transfer in an enclosure with an opening in the right veritcal wall and a heat source at the bottom surface is investigated using a holographic interferometric technique. The effects of the opening length, divider length attached to the top wall, and heater temperature on the temperature distribution are examined. The opening length as well as the divider length greatly affects the degree of inflow and outflow of air. In the case of small opening length, the opening doesnt affect much the upward warm air flow resulting in the symmetric temperature distribution .The upward flow in hindered by the divider resulting in the decrease of heat transfer from the heater region to the upper region. The longest divider shows the highest temperature in the lower region of enclosure. In the case of large opening length, the inward cold flow moves the upward flow to the left direction. Among the cases of different divider length, the case of H(sub)d=0.25H shows the highest temperature in the lower region of enclosure.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.591-600
• /
• 2019

Based on the energy-variational principle, a coupling vibration analysis model of high-speed railway simply supported beam bridge-track structure system (HSRBTS) was established by considering the effect of shear deformation. The vibration differential equation and natural boundary conditions of HSRBTS were derived by considering the interlayer slip effect. Then, an analytic calculation method for the natural vibration frequency of this system was obtained. By taking two simply supported beam bridges of high-speed railway of 24 m and 32 m in span as examples, ANSYS and MIDAS finite-element numerical calculation methods were compared with the analytic method established in this paper. The calculation results show that two of them agree well with each other, validating the analytic method reported in this paper. The analytic method established in this study was used to evaluate the natural vibration characteristics of HSRBTS under different interlayer stiffness and length of rails at different subgrade sections. The results show that the vertical interlayer compressive stiffness had a great influence on the high-order natural vibration frequency of HSRBTS, and the effect of longitudinal interlayer slip stiffness on the natural vibration frequency of HSRBTS could be ignored. Under different vertical interlayer stiffness conditions, the subgrade section of HSRBTS has a critical rail length, and the critical length of rail at subgrade section decreases with the increase in vertical interlayer compressive stiffness.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.17 no.9
• /
• pp.2304-2314
• /
• 1993

Natural convective flow and heat transfer in a two-dimensional square enclosure fitted with a horizontal partition are investigated numerically. The enclosure was composed of the lower hot and the upper cold horizontal walls and the adiabatic vertical walls, and a partition was situated perpendicularly at the one vertical insulated wall. The governing equations are solved by using the finite element method with Galerkin method. The computations were carried out with the variations of length, position and thermal conductivity of the partition, and Rayleigh number based on the temperature difference between two horizontal walls and the enclosure height with water(Pr=4.95). As the results, an oscillatory motion of natural convection is resulted in a sudden rise of overall heat transfer, but the increase of length of partition is significantly restrained the increase of Nusselt number. The maximum heat transfer was shown just before the transition of the direction of oscillating flow. An oscillatory motion of flow was perfectly shown the stability with the decrease of the length of partition and Rayleigh number. Also, the heat transfer was raised with the increase of the thermal conductivity in proportion to the increase of the length of partition. The stability and oscillation of flow are affected by the position of partition.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.401-414
• /
• 1997

This study examined the transition of costume in middle and high school girls after the abolition of school-uniform. Fashion photographs of $\ulcorner$Junior$\lrcorner$a Korean magazine for girls were used for the investigation. Skirts used mainly were changed in order of pleat tight flare and tight skirt And skirt length was changed in order of knee midi knee and mini. Slim baggy and straight pants together showed high frequency but after 1992 straight pants were used mainly. And pants of ankle length was prevalent. In jacket Hip line natural waist and H-line silhouette dominated. Silhouette of one-piece dress was changed in order or X line H line and A line. Semi fit and natural waist were prevalent. And length was changed in order of midi knee and mini. The coat of H line Loose semi fit and Knee length was the most frequently appeared style. Waist line of coat was changed in order of natural low no natural waist. In skirt blue white black and black were mainly in spring summer fall and winter respectively. In pants blue was used mainly regardless of the season, In jacket blue in spring and black in other seasons were used. In one-piece derss blue in spring red in summer black in fall and winter were used mainly. Black coat was used mainly. Therefore blue was the most frequently used color by middle and high school girls.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.71 no.1
• /
• pp.82-89
• /
• 1985

Morphological characteristics of leaves of 10 natural populations of Quercus mongolica and 9 natural populations of Q. serrata were investigated to study inter-population and intra-population variability as well as interspecies variability. Five leaf form indices, blade length/max. blade width, blade length/petiole length, blade length/vein number, upper 1/3 blade width/max.blade width, upper 1/3 blade width/lower 1/3 blade width, as well as petiole length and vein number were included in the present study of Leaf variabilities of the Quercus population. All of the investigated leaf variabilities except for the case of blade length/petiole length, in Q. serrata indicated highly significant differences among the populations and among the individual trees within population. Both of Q. mongolica and Q. serrata represented different leaf forms between southern populations and northern populations in the indices of blade length/max. blade width, blade length/petiole length and blade length/vein number, and so the leaf forms of northern populations were more similar to the unique characters of Q. mongolica and those of southern populations were more similar to the unique characters of Q. serrata. The variability among individual trees within population was more notable in blade length/petiole length, and petiole length than in other leaf form indices, and also it was more obvious for Mt. Kyeryrong population located in middle part of the country than for other population.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.91-95
• /
• 1985

The dynamic properties near (and at) a stable steady state are discussed, when a chemical system relaxes from the unstable steady state. The time-dependent correlation length for the fluctuating variable near a stable steady state is explicitly obtained by introducing the probability average for the variable satisfying the rate equation. The study is carried out about the effect of nonlinearity on the correlation length near (and at) a stable steady state.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.608-619
• /
• 2017

In this research, we analyze jackets from the Paris Haute Couture Collection from 2000 S/S~2015 F/W to investigate how shape, tailoring component, and design of jackets have changed. Our analysis of 2,493 jackets from the collection shows that the hour-glass silhouette was the most popular among silhouettes and that standard-length was the most popular jacket length. Such jacket shape expresses the natural beauty of human body. Regarding Tailoring Components, our analysis shows that tight sleeve and natural shoulder line, which is neither too wide, padded, nor low, were prevalent. The analysis also shows that tailored collar and button closure were the most common. Tight sleeve and natural shoulder line, which fit the body outline, allow the silhouette to show natural curves of the human body. As for jacket design, popular colors differed by season, but single-colored jackets prevailed, and woven was the most used material. Since 2000, the most favored form of jacket in women's fashion was a standard-length jacket with an hour-glass silhouette, tight sleeve, natural shoulder line, and tailored collar. This suggests that jackets emphasizing natural curves of the body were favored. Overall, silhouette, length, sleeve, and shoulder line remained consistent while collar and closure varied. This indicates that collar and closure method play a significant role in changes in fashion. Seasonally, elements of shape, tailoring component, and design coexist, but once the shape is determined, the tailoring component and design change in relation to each other.