• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.101-112
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• 1992

The natural killer cell activity of splenocytes and TBC, active NK cells, recycling capacity of natural killer cells were observed by means of both the 51Cr-release cytotoxicity assay and single cell cytotoxicity assay against YAC-1. CSH/HeJ mice were infected intranasally with $1{\times}10^4{\;}or{\;}1{\times}10^5$ trophosoites of pathogenic Acanthamoeba culbertsoni. The infected mice showed mortality rate of 34% in $1{\times}10^4$ group and 65% in 1{\times}10^5 group, and mean survival time was $16.40{\pm}3.50$ {\;}and{\;}3.20{\pm}4.09$ days respectively. The cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells of the 2 groups was significantly higher than that of non-infected mice from the 12th hour to the 2nd day after infection, showing the highest on the first day. On the l0th day after infection, the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells was significantly suppressed as compared with that of the control. There was no significant difference in NK cell cytotoxicity between two infected groups. The targetbinding capacity and active NK cells of natural killer cells in $1{\times}10^5$ trophosoite infected mice was significantly increased on the 12th hour and the first day after infection as compared with the control group. Maximal recycling capacity (MRC) was not changed during the observation period. The present results indicated that the elevation of natural killer cell activity in the mice infected with A. culbertsoni was due to elevation of target.binding capacity and increased active NK cells of natural killer cells, and not due to the maximal recycling capacity of the individual NK cell, and there was no difference between two experimental dose groups.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.233-239
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• 1991

Phellinus linteus was examined for its anticancer activity using an animal model. Water extract of Phellinus linteus was prepared from artificially cultivated mycelia. Neither toxicity nor abnormal changes of hematological parameters were observed in the rat given orally with high doses of drug extract for 15 days. ICR mice were transplanted with Sarcoma-180 tumor cells intraperitoneally and drug extract was daily given to the mice from 1 day after tumer transplantation for 3 weeks. Administration of drug extract significantly prolonged the survival duration of Sarcoma 180-transplanted mice. For the better understanding of the anticancer activity, we have examined the effect of the drug extract administration on various killer cell functions, such as natural killer(NK) cells, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) and macrophages which have been known to be main effector cells in immune responses against tumors. The results from the 4 hr $^{51}Cr-release$ assay have shown that the drug extract augments mouse NK cell activity but neither CTL nor macrophages. It is possible, then, that the anticancer activity of the Phellinus linteus may be associated with augmentation of NK cell function in the cancerated hosts.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.206-210
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• 2022

Calystegia dahurica (Herb.) Choisy is a natural product that has not been studied for efficacy or active ingredients. The purpose of this study is to investigate the activation effect of natural killer cells using a natural extract composition based on Calystegia dahurica (Herb.) Choisy extract (CDCE). We evaluated the activity of natural killer cells in natural products using PBMCs from healthy participants. All natural products were extracted with 50% ethanol. Based on the results of the cell viability assay, PBMCs of healthy participants were treated with extracts at various concentrations. Then, analysis was performed using flow cytometry to measure the cd107a surface expression of natural killer cells. As a result, treatment with a single extract of PBMCs increased the expression of cd107a in a concentration-dependent. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the treatment of the extract composition showed the highest expression of cd107a. In conclusion, it is expected that the extract composition containing CDCE according to this study can be used for prevention or treatment of cancer cells, tumor cells, and immune diseases.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.711-718
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• 2003

Wanpae-tang is suggested to have antitumor activity on lung cancer. This study was performed to investigate antitumor, immune response, and apoptotic effects by Wanpae-tang in the cancer cell lines and C57BL/6 mice. Experimental studies were progressed through the anticancer activities such as, survival time, cell cytotoxicity, natural killer cell activity, productivity of interleukins and apoptotio effects. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Median survival time of Wanpae-tang treated group was prolonged to 4.1%, as compared with control group, but was not significant. 2. On the MTT assay, half-maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50) of Wanpae-tang was 15.00 ㎎/㎖ in HeLa cell, and 4.158 ㎎/㎖ in HRT-18 cell. 3. Natural killer cell activity in Wanpae-tang treated group was decreased in case of 100:1 and 10:1 effect cell/target cell ratio. 4. Production of interleukin-2, 4, 12 in Wanpae-tang treated group were significantly increased. 5. On the studies of Wanpae-tang induced apoptosis, a DNA fragmentation patterns were not appeared.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.169-176
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were to set up the method of the natural killer(NK) cell activity assay using the flow cytometer and to examine the characteristics and distribution of the NK cell during rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Forty five male 6 week-old specific pathogen free(SPF) Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group I was the non-treated control and given normal diet and water. Group II was treated with diethylnitrosamine(DEN, 200mg/kg, i.p.) and partial hepatectomy. Group III was treated with DEN, partial hepatectomy and 0.05% phenobarbital sodium in water from 3 to 16 weeks. All animals were examined the morphology of the large granular lymphocyte(LGL), the LGL percent of the total lymphocytes and the LGL conjugation rate with YAC-1 cell in peripheral blood, spleen and liver. Moreover, activity of the LGL isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined using the flow cytometer. As results, LGL were observed in the peripheral blood, spleen and liver. LGL were observed the relatively faintly staining basophilic cytoplasm with granules, and eccentric, often kidney-shaped nuclei in Giemsa stain. Its size was $11{\sim}13{\mu}m$. LGL percentage of the isolated lymphocytes in peripheral blood, spleen and liver were 1.8~2.3%, 1.3~1.4% and 0.87~0.99%, respectively. LGL conjugation rate with YAC-1 cell was shown to be peripheral blood(9.3~10.3 %) > spleen(7.7~8.7%) > liver(5.6~7.0%). The activity of the LGL isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes in Group I, II and III was 33.7%, 30.5% and 35.4%, respectively. However, all values were not significantly between groups.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.313-325
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• 1998

The effect of Holotrichia on natural killer cell activity in normal mouse were studied. 1. The oral administration of Holotrichia increased spleen weight about 21.1% and also cell numbers of spleen compared to control mice group. 2. The cytotoxicity of effector cell was most effectively induced in a ratio of 50 : 1(effector/target cell). 3. Cytotoxicity of effector cells was. increased about 24% as compared with control group in in vivo test. 4. On the other hand, the administration of Holotrichia original solution showed significant increase the cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity was increased concentration dependently. 5. The cytotoxicity by $^{3}H-thymidine$ incorporation assay showed similar effect with LDH enzyme method. 6. In the purified NK cells, the cytotoxicity was increased about 31% as compared with control group in in vivo system and the ratio of cytotoxicity was generally more increased than that of partially purified NK cell. 7. In vitro experimet of the purified NK cells, the cytotoxicity was increased 11.8% as compared with control group and the ratio of cytotoxicity was also more increased than that of partially purified NK cell. These results suggest that Holotrichia is administrated to mice with malignant tumors, the increase of NK cell activity may occur and affect tumor cells.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Onion, particularly onion peel, is a quercetin-rich food with, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. However, the effect of onion peel extract (OPE) in humans is unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate whether OPE improves natural killer (NK) cell activity and cytokine concentration in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Eighty participants aged 19-64 yrs old with a white blood cell count of 4,000-10,000 cells/µL, symptoms of upper respiratory infection at least once within the previous 12 mon, and perceived stress scale (PSS) over 14 were included. Participants were randomly assigned to take either 1,000 mg/day OPE or a placebo for 8 weeks. RESULTS: Compliance were 87.4 ± 8.6% and 86.9 ± 79.0% in OPE and placebo groups. Compared to the placebo, OPE supplementation improved "Hoarseness" (P = 0.038) of the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey (WURSS)-21 symptom, and stress scores (P = 0.001; 0.021) of PSS. Supplementation of OPE had no significant effect on NK cell activity and concentrations of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-12, IL-1β, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α. At baseline, the WURSS-21 symptom and PSS score (P = 0.024; 0.026) were higher in the OPE group than the placebo group. Among participants with higher than median WURSS-21 symptom score, OPE supplementation increased NK cell activity (P = 0.038). Supplementation of OPE had no significant effects on safety measurements and adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggested that OPE supplementation improves NK cell activity in participants with moderate upper respiratory symptoms without any significant adverse effects.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.140-146
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• 1993

A colostral protein that augments natural killer (NK) cell activity was isolated from bovine colostrum. This protein, designated matemal immunity enhancing factor (MIEF), increased NK cell-mediated cytotxicity against human tumor targets wheb added to cultures of resting peripheral blood lymphocytes. The NK cell stimulatory activity of the MIEF was demonstrated at the concentrations as low as 0.1-0.01 $\mu$g/ml. Purified MIEF showed an apparent molecular weight of 22,000 in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The unusual biochemical characteristics of the MIEF distinguish it from other cytokines. The MIEF was soluble at a cold tgemperature, and precipitated by raising the temperature. This themal precipitability was reversible, and dependent on the concentration, pH and ionic strength. Maximal precipitation was observed at neutral pH, and higher ionic strength.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.126-130
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• 2000

To enhance the antitumor activity of Chinese cabbage kimchi, four kinds of kimchi, which ere differently prepared in kinds and levels of sub-ingredients, were fermented at 15$^{\circ}C$ for 1 day and then at 5$^{\circ}C$ up to pH 4.3. The solid tumor formation, hepatic glutathione S-transferase activity and glutathione contents in the liver, and natural killer (NK) cell activity of spleen were determined from the sarcoma-180 cell injected Balb/c mice that were treated with methanol extracts of the kimchi samples. Kimchi IV, prepared with organically cultivated Chinese cabbage, red pepper powder, garlic, Chinese pepper powder mustard leaf and heat processed salt (Gueun salt), reduced the tumor formation by 39.3% compared to the sarcoma-180 cell treated group, resulting in the smallest tumor weight. Methanol extracts of the kimchi III and kimchi IV recovered the activities of hepatic glutathione S-transferase(GST) that was decreased by the transplantation of the sarcoma-180 cells to th mice. The injections of methanol extracts of kimchi II and kimchi IV increased glutathione contents in sarcoma-180 cells treated mice. The methanol extract of kimchi IV increased the natural killer (NK) cell activity of spleen lymphocytes a more effectively (p<0.05) than those the other kimchi samples. These results suggest that the anticancer activities of kimchi can be increased by changing the kinds and levels of sub-ingredients.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.475-481
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the modifying effect of the general (GPA) and the fermented pilose antler (FPA) on experimental hepatocarcinogenesis and Natural Killer cell activity in rats. Specific pathogen free, 5-week male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. To induce hepatocarcinogenesis, diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 200 mg/kg, i.p.) was used as a tumor initiator and was given in a single dose at experimental onset. All rats were given a partial hepatectomy (PH) at 3 weeks after experimental onset. Sodium phenobarbital (PB, 0.05% in diet), GPA (0.075% in diet) and FPA (0. 075% in diet) were given from 2 to 8 weeks. Group I of the initiation control group was only given DEN. As initiation-promotion group, Group II was given DEN and then PB. Group III and IV were given DEN-PB-GPA and DEN-PB-FPA, respectively. In hematological analysis, as compared with Group I. the number of white blood cells were significantly increased in the GPA (p<0.01) and the FPA treated group (p<0.05), respectively. Natural killer (NK) cell activity by flow cytometer (FCM) analysis was higher in group of treated with the GPA (35%) than that of the FPA (27.5%), but not significant. Result of the immunohistochemical staining of the glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-p) indicated that the number of and area of the pre-neoplastic lesions was not significantly changed in Group III and IV compared Group II, respectively. In conclusion, the GPA and the FPA treatment significantly increased the number od WBC in peripheral blood, but the enhancing NK activity and the modifying effect on the experimental hepatocarcinogenesis were not observed.