• 영어어문교육
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.91-106
• /
• 2010

This study examines the use of hedges in cross-cultural communication between EFL learners in an e-learning environment. The study analyzes the use of hedges in a corpus of an interactive web with a bulletin board system through which college students of English at Japanese and Korean universities interacted with each other discussing the topics of local and global issues. It compares the use of hedges in the students' corpus to that of a native English speakers' corpus. The result shows that EFL learners tend to use relatively smaller number of hedges than the native speakers in terms of the frequencies of the total tokens. It further reveals that the learners' overuse of a single versatile high-frequency hedging item, I think, results in relative underuse of other hedging devices. This indicates that due to their small repertoire of hedges, EFL learners' overuse of a limited number of hedging items may cause their speech or writing to become less competent. Based on the result and interviews with the learners, the study also argues that hedging should be understood in its social contexts and should not be understood just as a lack of conviction or a mark of low proficiency. Suggestions were made for using computer corpora in understanding EFL learners' language difficulties and helping them develop communicative and pragmatic competence.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보교육학회 2010년도 하계학술대회
• /
• pp.185-192
• /
• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 초등학교에서 실시되고 있는 원어민을 활용한 원격화상 영어수업 설계 원리를 제안하는 것이다. 이를 위해 새롭게 부각되고 있는 설계기반연구(Design-Based Research) 방법을 적용하였다. 연구가 진행되는 3개월 동안, 수업동영상을 촬영하였고 수업이 끝난 후에는 한국교사와 원어민 교사로부터 성찰 일지를 수집하였으며 학생들을 대상으로 반구조화된 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 이러한 자료들을 토대로 원어민 활용 원격화상 영어수업의 과정을 수업 전, 수업 중, 수업 후의 3단계로 구분하여 수업이 진행되는 패턴, 오류 빈도, 상호작용성 등을 중심으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 교실의 한국 교사와 학습자, 원격지의 원어민 교사를 화상 시스템으로 이어주는 수업은 복잡하기 때문에 수업을 설계할 때 많은 부분들을 고려해야 하다.

• 영어어문교육
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.119-139
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this paper was to examine various aspects of meaning negotiation process in online chatting. Korean college students were asked to engage in chatting on the Internet over the course of a semester-long period, and chatting transcripts were analyzed in terms of sources of communication breakdown, signals to indicate communication breakdown, strategies to overcome communication breakdown, and ways of closing meaning negotiation. According to the findings of the study, lack of background knowledge and incoherent string of sentences in text were two major barriers creating communication problems. Subjects were able to use signals to indicate their communication difficulties, and overcome them by using different strategies. In doing so, however, they were found to suffer a narrow range of signals and strategies, which showed their limited communicative ability in the management of interaction, and indicated a clear, strong need for an extension of discourse and strategic competences of Korean students for more effective and smoother transition of message in everyday interaction.

• 영어어문교육
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.123-142
• /
• 2009

The present study used multi-faceted Rasch measurement to explore the characteristics and bias patterns of non-native raters when they scored L2 writing tasks. Three raters scored 254 writing tasks written by Korean university students on two topics adapted from the TOEFL Test of Written English (TWE). The written products were assessed using a five-category rating scale (Content, Organization, Language in Use, Grammar, and Mechanics). The raters only showed a difference in severity with regard to rating categories but not in task types. Overall, the raters scored Grammar most harshly and Organization most leniently. The results also indicated several bias patterns of ratings with regard to the rating categories and task types. In rater-task bias interactions, each rater showed recurring bias patterns in their rating between two writing tasks. Analysis of rater-category bias interaction showed that the three raters revealed biased patterns across all the rating categories though they were relatively consistent in their rating. The study has implications for the importance of rater training and task selection in L2 writing assessment.

• 영어어문교육
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.159-175
• /
• 2004

This paper investigated the types of errors on English pronunciation and intelligibility of Korean EFL students, and the relationship between the pronunciation accuracy and intelligibility. Thirty one students were evaluated by six English native speakers in terms of overall intelligibility and accuracy In five areas such as nuclear stress, word stress, syllable structure, consonants and vowels. According to the findings of the study, pronunciation errors were made by the subjects more frequently In word stress than any other area of pronunciation accuracy. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that intelligibility was related with word stress, syllable structure, consonants and vowels, and the stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that, among the above five areas of pronunciation accuracy, word stress best accounted for the intelligibility of a given sentence. In the conclusion, the importance of teaching pronunciation of in those five areas with a special focus on word stress was emphasized m terms of intelligibility.

• 영어어문교육
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.19-40
• /
• 2006

This paper deals with a part-specific analysis of grammatical errors in the production of the English passive in writing. The purpose of the study is dual: to explore common error types in forming the passive; and to provide plausible sources of the errors, with special attention to the role of the native language. To this end, this study obtained a large amount of data from Korean EFL university students using an essay writing task. The results show that in forming the passive sentence, errors were made in various ways and that the most common problem was the formation of the be-auxiliary, in particular, the proper use of tense and S-V agreement. Another important finding was that the global errors found in this study were not necessarily those with the greatest frequency. Also corroborated was the general claim that many factors work together to account for errors. In many cases, interlingual and intralingual factors were shown to interact with each other to explain the passive errors made by Korean students. On the basis of the results, suggestions are made for effective and well-formed use of the passive sentence.

• 영어어문교육
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.153-176
• /
• 2006

This paper examines "Difference in Requests." The study of speech acts is a crucial area in sociolinguistics and ethnolinguistics, and has aided in the development of TESOL. It also provides a useful means of relating linguistic form and communicative intent. This paper concentrated on 3 request strategies, which were requests made with an explanation, requests made without an explanation and no requests. The purpose of this study, and of concern in TESOL, was to discover whether Koreans framed their requests differently under different conditions. Based on these differences, I wanted to ascertain whether Koreans who spoke English as a second language, and who have lived in the United States, frame their requests as they would in their native tongues thus creating the potential for sociolinguistic failure, or use American sociolinguistic style. As the results of the study, it was found that in the majority of cases, Americans made an explanation with a request. In many cases the Koreans living in Korea would not give an explanation when making a request. Rather, they were direct in request. In many cases the Korean speaking English and living in the US had adopted the American request strategy of giving an explanation.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.72-82
• /
• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 원어민과 비원어민 교수가 함께 진행한 영어캠프에서의 수업과 수업운영에 대한 대학생들의 인식 차이에 대해 고찰하는 것이다. 연구 목적을 달성하기 위해 A 대학교 캠프에 참가한 남 녀 대학생 172명을 대상으로 캠프 만족도, 두 교수들에 대한 일반적 교수 자질, 수업 운영, 수업 내용 등에 대해 설문을 실시하였다. 원어민과 비원어민 교수가 진행한 캠프 수업과 수업운영에 대한 학생들의 인식 차이를 알아보기 위해 빈도분석 및 카이제곱 검증을 통해 설문자료를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 캠프에 참가한 대부분의 학생들은 원어민과 비원어민 교수가 함께 수업한 캠프에 대해 만족하였지만, 원어민과 비원어민 교수들의 교수자질, 수업 운영, 수업 내용에 대한 인식에는 차이가 있었다. 먼저, 학생들은 원어민 교수들이 수업을 흥미롭게 진행했다고 인식한 반면에 비원어민 교수들은 체계적으로 수업을 준비하고 운영한 것으로 인식하였다. 또한, 학생들은 원어민 교수들이 즉흥적으로 수업을 진행한 반면에 비원어민 교수들은 교재에 의존하며 더 많은 부교재를 제공한 것으로 인식하였다. 마지막으로 학생들은 비원어민 교수들이 원어민 교수에 비해 스피킹과 문법에 더 초점을 맞추어서 수업을 진행하였고, 과제, 시험, 피드백을 더 많이 제공하였고, 학생들과 의사소통을 더 원활하게 한 것으로 인식하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구는 원어민과 비원어민 교수들의 효과적인 수업을 위한 교육적인 제언을 하고자 한다.

• 영어어문교육
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.221-238
• /
• 2006

This study investigates the reliability of plagiarism measurement in the ESL essay writing context. The current study aims to address the answers to the following research questions: 1) How does plagiarism measurement affect test reliability in a psychometric view? and 2) how do raters conceive the plagiarism in their analytic scoring? This study uses the mixed-methodology that crosses quantitative-qualitative techniques. Thirty eight international students took an ESL placement writing test offered by the University of Illinois. Two native expert raters rated students' essays in terms of 5 analytic features (organization, content, language use, source use, plagiarism) and made a holistic score using a scoring benchmark. For research question 1, the current study, using G-theory and Multi-facet Rasch model, found that plagiarism measurement threatened test reliability. For research question 2, two native raters and one non-native rater in their email correspondences responded that plagiarism was not a valid analytic area to be measured in a large-scale writing test. They viewed the plagiarism as a difficult measurement are. In conclusion, this study proposes that a systematic training program for avoiding plagiarism should be given to students. In addition, this study suggested that plagiarism is measured reliably in the small-scale classroom test.

• 말소리와 음성과학
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 2010

English vowels can be divided into monophthongs and diphthongs depending on the number of vocal tract shapes. Diphthongs are usually produced with more than one shape. This study attempts to collect acoustical data of English diphthongs published by Hillenbrand et al.(1995) online and to examine acoustic features of the diphthongs for phoneticians and English teachers. Sixty three American males and females were chosen after excluding those subjects with different target vowels or ambiguous formant tracks. The author used Praat to obtain the acoustical data systematically at eleven equidistant timepoints over the diphthongal segment. Obvious errors were corrected based on the spectrographic display of each diphthong. Results show that the formant trajectories of the diphthongs produced by the American males and females appeared quite similar. When the female formant values were uniformly normalized to those of the males, almost a perfect collapse occurred. Secondly, the diphthongal movements on the vowel space appeared not linear due to the coarticulatory gesture for the following consonant. Thirdly, the average duration of the diphthongs produced by the females was 1.156 times longer than that of the males while the pitch ratio between the two groups turned out to be 1.746 with a similar contour over measurement points. The author concludes that English diphthongs produced by various groups can be compared systematically when the acoustical values are obtained at proportional timepoints. Further studies will be desirable on the comparison of English diphthongs produced by native and nonnative speakers.