• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.841-854
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to find the effect of these variables on the duration of the momentum effect. To examine the momentum effect for gravitational field concepts, an intensive time series design was used. We collected data every day except Sundays and holidays for 50 days; 5 days for baseline, 30 days for intervention, and 15 days for the follow up We adopted cognitive levels and styles as students characteristics and two item characteristics(quantity versus quality, and word versus picture) as the item representation patterns. In this study, the momentum effect was influenced by students characteristics and item representation patterns. The results showed that two variables, cognitive style and quantity/quality, were the most influential factors for the duration of momentum effect. Field independent students showed a longer duration than field dependent students did. In addition, students showed a longer duration in quality items than in quantity items. However, students cognitive levels(formal or preformal) and word/picture presentations seemed to have relatively weak effect on the duration of the momentum effect.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.97-104
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• 2015

PURPOSES : Expressways experience chronic and recurring congestion, especially during weekends and holidays, because of the increased demands for leisure-related travel. The alternatives to solve chronic and recurring congestion may be three-fold: (1) physical expansion of expressway capacities, (2) road pricing, and (3) temporal and spatial distribution of traffic demands. Among these, the third alternative may be the most cost-effective method for the Korea Expressway Corporation (KEC) that can be achieved by using the existing ITS infrastructure. METHODS : KEC initiated a pilot study in which the traffic on congested expressways was managed by providing traffic condition information (i.e., travel times) of neighboring national highways for taking detours via variable message signs (VMS). This study aimed to estimate the detour rate, and the two pilot studies on Seohaean and Yeongdong expressways yielded many benefits. RESULTS : It was revealed that the total length of congestion segments decreased by 7.8 km, and the average travel speed increased by 5.3 km/h. CONCLUSIONS : Based on these findings, it was concluded that the propagation of detour information via VMSs during congestion hours can help reduce congestion on expressways and increase the benefits of the entire network.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.4
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• pp.852-862
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• 2020

Interventional radiology (IR) embolization requires image guidance to steer catheters to the site of bleeding, where embolic agents such as Gelfoam or coils are administered to stem blood flow. In addition to treating iatrogenic trauma, embolization is suitable for injuries precluding surgery such as blush-bleeding of the liver or kidney and for locating and treating intimal blood vessel tears. However, during hospital off-hours (such as nights and holidays), experienced IR personnel are not always available. In such situations, there is a dire need to build a coordinated IR team to treat seriously injured patients rapidly and reliably. This article reviews the current principles and techniques used in IR such as virtual fluoroscopy and their usefulness, and makes a convincing case for emergency IR.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.267-272
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• 2016

Wholesale beef price is the critical factor for determining Korean native cattle, Hanwoo, farm's income in short-term. Wholesale beef price has seasonality due to high demand in Korean traditional holidays such as Korean thanksgiving day and lunar new year's day. Therefore, it is important to make reproduction and marketing plans for Korean Hanwoo farmers, in order to increase their farm income. However, there is no study available on changes in the expected farm income depending on reproduction and marketing schedules. This study analyzed the expected farm income per head depending on the monthly-based marketing schedules. The analysis was conducted based on the seasonality of wholesale beef price, reproduction efficiency, operating costs, relationship between carcass grade and slaughter age. The result shows that slaughter Hanwoo at the age of 29 months-old in August and January generating the highest expected farm income per head.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.2 s.159
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• pp.61-66
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• 2005

This research is based on a visitor survey at Jogyesan Provincial Park in Jeonnam, and its implications for interpretive planning. The research population was the set of weekend and holiday visitors, 20 years of age and older, to Jogyesan Provincial Park in Jeonnam, during the summer of 2003. A questionnaire was offered to every tenth person entering the park on every other weekend day and both holidays (June 1 and September 30). It was obvious that the interpretive program at Jogyesan Provincial Park, to meet the expectations of its visitors, should provide: (1) visitors with opportunities to experience the out-of-doors and learn about the cultural, historical and natural surroundings; (2) opportunities for the visitors to relax and escape from the normal and work environment; and (3) opportunities for the visitors to experience an atmosphere which enables them to achieve and self-actualize. In the area of interpretive programs, expectations are usually priorities, except for mountain climbing and exercise. Enhancing achievement and self-actualization is rarely a consideration and needs more emphasis in the future interpretive programs and plans.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.129-130
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• 2023

The From COVID-19 until recently, the demand for hiking has been rapidly increasing due to the popularization of mountain seekers.,On weekends and holidays, people who do not hike frequently while hiking in large and small mountains to see wildflowers and foliage in the mountains are more likely to be exposed to safety accidents due to an increase in sudden muscle use.,If you fall or get muscle damage during a hike, you can prevent a major accident with a simple treatment. In some cases, the error of first aid may permanently damage the important function of the body.,In particular, during a safety accident on a mountain, while climbing in light clothes, the body temperature rises due to the sweat that was shed at the beginning, and the blood pressure rises due to the contraction of the blood vessels due to the drop in body temperature from the top, resulting in an emergency such as cardiac arrest.,According to statistics from the National Park Service, nearly half (48%) of deaths in national parks are known to be sudden cardiac deaths.,There are many safety accidents that occur frequently in the mountains, but among them, we will study how to cope with acute diseases such as cardiac arrest due to increased blood pressure due to insufficient body temperature control, chest pain or dyspnea, and heart burden due to excessive hiking.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

The National Foundation Day of Korea (개천절, 開天節) is currently celebrated on October 3 in Gregorian calendar. We review the history of dating the National Foundation Day of Korea and make a suggestion that it be celebrated on October 3 in the lunar calendar. We present numerous historical records on heaven-worship rites supporting the date October 3 in the lunar calendar. It is pointed out that October 3 in the solar calendar has been adopted in 1949 by the National Assembly with the thought that the lunar calendar is inferior and behind the times. The thought originates from misunderstanding on the value of the lunar calendar and from the ignorance of importance of history and tradition. Since there are now many national holidays that follow the lunar calendar, the logic of the National Assembly in 1949 also makes no sense. We emphasize that the lunar calendar should be followed for the National Foundation Day of Korea for its historical and symbolic characteristics restoration. We also investigate the year of the foundation of the first country of Korea, Dangun Joseon. It is found that even though the majority of the literature before late 15th century recorded the beginning year of Dangun Joseon dynasty to be equal to that of Liao Dynasty (堯), it was accidentally changed to the 25th year of Liao Dynasty in 1484 through a misinterpretation of the previous records. We claim that the beginning year of Dangun Joseon should be set to that of Liao Dynasty as recorded in the original literature in the earlier days. According to the two main opinions accepted by Korea, the beginning year of Liao Dynasty was 2357 B.C. or 2333 B.C., which correspond to the year of Gap-Jin (the 41st year of the sexagenary cycle) or Mu-Jin (the 4th year of the sexagenary cycle), respectively.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.55-65
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• 2014

Purpose - This study aims to investigate the process of political changes in Japan, which has introduced regulatory policies for large-scale retail stores since the 1930s, as well as the examples, and suggests improvement schemes for our policies in Korea, which imposes restrictions on business hours and forced holidays in accordance with the current Distribution Industry Development Act. Research design, data, and methodology - After examining the political change processes related to large-scale retail stores in japan, this study analyzes individually regulated cases based on the ordinances enacted by each local government. Through case analysis in Japan, this study makes political suggestions that may be helpful for our country substantially. Results - Since there is an obvious possibility that our economic restrictions on business hours and mandatory holidays do not coincide with WTO GATS, it is necessary for large-scale distributors to introduce new social and environmental regulations similar to Japan, rather than imposing controls to restrict free competition and also introduce a policy to induce cooperation with small businesses for the advancement of the distribution industry. Thus, it is desirable to take measures on noise, waste, traffic, and parking for the preservation of the living environment in the surroundings when building new large-scale retail stores. It is also important to establish measures to improve the welfare of neighborhood residents and consumers, create a pleasant urban environment, and make it mandatory to make presentations at public hearings among residents. Furthermore, it should be mandatory to establish regional contribution plans when a retail store is established, and take measures to solve various civil complaints or problems that may occur after entering the market. Moreover, it is desirable for large-scale retail stores that entered the market to induce cooperation in performing various activities in the area with a strong sense that they are all members of the local economy. Conclusions - If introducing social regulations like in Japan, there is probably an advantage that the conflicts seen when large-scale retail stores enter the market are absorbed by adjusting the persons concerned within the established institution in order to establish a field to solve such conflicts systematically. In contrast, there are still concerns regarding chaotic operation without any active attempts to have a conversation with large-scale retail stores and local small merchants due to a sharp conflict among the persons concerned, and if it is a briefing session without any decision of the restrictions on their opening itself, there may be doubts with regard to their effectiveness. Moreover, if the de facto opening is restricted by the introduction of such a briefing session procedure, the choice of whether to protect the existing rights of large-scale retail stores might become problematic. However, such problems could be minimized in a way by forming a separate consultative group for all persons concerned including residents, local governments, professionals, civic organizations, small merchants, and massive retail store-related persons.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.5-14
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• 2017

Purpose - This study empirically analyses the sale changes in large retail stores directly resulting from increased controls on those stores. More specifically, we discuss the economic impacts on Korean regulations that restrict trading hours and mandate statutory store closure 'holidays' twice per month. Research design, data and methodology - we attempt to empirically analyse the economic effects of trading hours regulations through quantitative analysis of the sales revenue data of large retail stores. We introduce the data and methods of empirical analysis used to analyse the economic effects of trading-hour regulations on large retail stores. We use a panel regression to analyse the sales losses of large retail stores caused by the new constraints on business hours. Results - The results of this study show that the sales of large retail stores fell by the average of 3.4% per month during the regulation periods. However, regulations affecting large retail stores have various economic impacts, including variations in sales, changes in consumption patterns, and influences on consumer welfare and national economy. Conclusions - Such changes may also be captured by other metrics: accordingly, further researches are needed to measure the impact of regulations on economic indicators such as employment and GDP.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.45-64
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• 2016

In order to understand Korean American immigrants'adjustment to American society, it is important to understand how their life rituals and ethnic identities maintain or change over time and across immigration generations. To achieve this goal, this study examined how Korean Americans who resided in the New York City metropolitan area and New Jersey State performed life rituals and formed ethnic identities. A total of 18 Korean immigrants participated in one-on-one in-depth interviews and the interview data were analyzed with the themes. The results showed that Korean Americans performed life rituals integrating both Korean and American cultural aspects. Many Korean Americans attempted to perform life rituals based on American cultural holidays and procedures. However, a majority of these Koreans also strived to maintain Korean ethnic identities and also practice traditionally Korean life rituals as a way to preserve this ethnic identity. These findings suggest that across time and generation, Korean Americans prefer to maintain their Korean cultural identity, while not shunning the adoption of typical "American" rituals. The way that Korean Americans practice and develop identities differs very little across immigration generation. These findings provide insight on how the Korean government may support foreigners and immigrant families in South Korea and Korean Americans' acculturation processes in the U.S.