• 한국습지학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.79-89
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• 2007

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the present status of several environmental problems caused by emerging toxic substances such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and arsenic in various environmental media in Vietnam. Monitoring data reported during the 1990s demonstrated elevated contamination of DDTs in most of these compartments in Vietnam. Studies in frame of the Asia-Pacific Mussel Watch Program revealed that fish, mussels and resident birds from Vietnam contained higher concentrations of DDTs as compared to other countries in region, suggesting the role of Vietnamese environment as a significant emission source of DDT in the Southeast Asian region. The estimated dietary intakes of PCBs and DDTs for Vietnamese were relatively high among Asian developing countries, suggesting potential risk for humans posed by thesechemicals. Widespread contamination of some endocrine active compounds such as alkylphenols and phthalates was observed at various sites along the coasts of northern and middle Vietnam. The presence of significant source of bisphenol-A along Red River estuary was revealed with the concentrations comparable to those reported for developed nations. A case study on seasonal variation of alkylphenols and phthalates in surface water of river delta and estuary of north and middle Vietnam indicated the differences in distribution of these compounds between dry and rainy seasons. Higher concentrations of alkylphenols and phthalates were found in dry season in estuary; while the contrasting pattern was observed in the river delta, showing elevated residues in rainy season. This result suggests the different behavior of alkylphenols and phthalates in river delta and coastal environment. From ecotoxicological perspectives, concentrations of bis-phenol A and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalates [DEHP] in surface water from some locations in Vietnam exceeded the guideline values for Ecotoxicological Effects and the Environmental Risk Limit, respectively, suggesting potential for toxic implications on aquatic wildlife. Widespread and elevated arsenic contamination was discovered inour recent surveys in groundwater in a large area of suburban areas of Hanoi city, the capital of Vietnam. The most recent investigation in 4 villages showed about more than 50 % of groundwater samples contained As concentrations exceeding 50 g/L (the WHO and Vietnamese standard). In particular, in Son Dong villages, 58 % of samples analyzed contained As concentrations higher than 200 g/L. Good correlations were found in As concentrations in water and hair and urine of peoples in corresponding families, suggesting the chronic exposure to As by people living in As-contaminated ground water areas. In Son Dong village, As levels in hair (mean: 1.7 mg/kg dry wt) and urine (g/g creatinine) exceeding the reference values recommended by WHO, suggesting potential for human risk posed by long term accumulation of As in human body. Future studies should be focused on the time trends of POPs and EDCs in biota in Vietnam in order to predict future trend of contamination and to reveal new clues for understanding possible toxic impacts on aquatic organisms. The issues of arsenic contamination in groundwater and their chronic toxic implications on human health should be systematically investigated in the future.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.365-373
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• 2014

간호사의 의사소통 스타일이 입원 환아 어머니의 스트레스와 대처노력에 미치는 영향에 관하여 알아봄으로써 간호서비스의 개선 및 입원 환아 어머니의 스트레스를 감소시키고 대처노력을 향상시키기 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 본 연구는 상관성 조사연구로서, 자료 수집은 2013년 9월부터 12월까지 시행하였으며, D시에 소재한 E병원의 소아과 병동에 입원한 아동의 어머니 196명을 대상으로 하였다. 수집된 자료는 빈도 백분율 평균과 표준편차 피어슨 상관계수, 회귀분석방법으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과로는 지각된 간호사의 의사소통 스타일이 입원 환아 어머니의 스트레스 및 대처노력에 미치는 영향에서는 간호사의 비권위적 스타일이 스트레스에 가장 큰 영향력을 나타내었으며, 이들 변인의 설명력은 30.1%로 나타났다. 결론적으로 입원 환아 어머니의 스트레스를 감소시키고 대처노력을 증진시키기 위해서는 간호사들은 권위적인 태도를 지양하고, 친화적인 태도의 의사소통 기술과 정보 제공적 태도의 의사소통 기술을 사용해야 할 것으로 생각된다. 이런 의사소통 기술들은 체계적인 의사소통 증진 프로그램을 통해 지속적으로 유지하고 강화할 필요가 있을 것이라 생각된다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.559-569
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• 2020

본 연구는 요양병원 요양보호사의 작업환경, 심리적 업무요구, 피로도, 근골격계 증상의 관계를 파악하고 근골격계 증상에 미치는 영향요인을 규명하기 위해 시도되었다. 연구방법은 S시에 소재한 3곳의 요양병원에 근무하는 요양보호사 128명을 대상으로 2020년 4~5월까지 설문 조사하였다. 연구결과 요양병원 요양보호사의 근골격계 증상은 어깨, 손/손목/손가락, 허리 세 부분에 대한 증상발생빈도, 증상지속기간, 통증의 강도를 합한 값으로 42점 만점에 평균 11.41±9.50점으로 나타났다. 요양병원 요양보호사의 근골격계 증상에 미치는 영향요인을 규명하기 위해 회귀분석을 실시한 결과 근무병동(β=.18, p=.034)과 심리적 업무요구(β=.21, p=.013), 피로도(β=.25, p=.003)가 근골격계 증상에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 이들 3개 변수는 근골격계 증상에 대하여 21.6%의 설명력을 보였다(F=6.87, p<.001). 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 요양병원 요양보호사들의 근골격계 증상을 감소시키기 위해서는 담당하는 환자의 중증도를 고려하여 심리적 업무요구와 피로도를 줄일 수 있는 중재프로그램 개발 및 적용이 필요하다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.458-471
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• 1994

To evaluate the periodontal status of Korean adults, 3,988 adults(20-69 years old) who lived in Kwangju, Chonnam, Taegu, and Kyungbuk districts were periodontally examined by plaque index(PI), calculus index(CI), gingival index(GI), periodontal disease index (PDI), and papillary bleeding index(PBI). The periodontal examination charts were grouped according to age and sex. And subsequently 200 periodontal examination charts in each age group were randomly selected according to sex. The differences of the indices among age groups and those between male and female in each age group were statistically analyzed by Chi-Square test. In PI, CI, GI, PDI, and PBI, there was no statistical significance in the difference between male and female in each age group(p>0.05). In male, PI of 60s age group($1.44{\pm}0.68$) was significantly higher than that of any age group(p<0.05), and in female PI of 20s age group($0.86{\pm}0.39$) was significantly lower than that of any other age group(p<0.05). CI of 60s age group in both male($1.67{\pm}0.70$) and female($1.63{\pm}0.91$) was significantly higher than that of any age group(p<0.05). GI of 20s age group in both male($0.85{\pm}0.66$) and female($0.67{\pm}0.60$) was significantly lower and GI of 60s age group in both male($1.37{\pm}0.60$) and female($1.44{\pm}0.84$) was higher than that of any age group(p<0.05). PDI in male was the lowest in 20s age group($0.70{\pm}0.73$), and was the highest in 60s age group($4.93{\pm}1.96$) (p<0.05). In female PDI of 20s age group($0.71{\pm}0.74$) was significantly lower than that of any age group(p<0.05). In male PBI of 20s age group($0.38{\pm}0.31$) was significantly lower than that of any age group(p<0.001). PBI in female was the lowest in 20s age group($0.35{\pm}0.30$) (p<0.001), and was the highest in 60s age group($1.09{\pm}0.76$) (p<0.05). The data insist that all the young populations of 20s age group should be interested in routine check for early diagnosis and prevention of periodontal disease, and a special education program of periodontal health care for young generation must be prepared, and the periodic recall check system for periodontal examination of middle age group must be supported by government.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.562-569
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 응급실을 경유한 정신 및 행동장애 중 기분[정동]장애만을 주상병으로 하는 입원환자와 정신 및 행동장애를 부상병으로 동반한 기분[정동]장애 입원환자의 총진료비에 미치는 영향 요인을 알아보고자 한다. 본 연구는 건강보험심사평가원 2009년 표본자료에서 응급실 경유 입원환자가 '정신 및 행동장애'(F00-F99)중에서 주상병 코드가 기분[정동] 장애(F30-F39)인 환자와 부상병 코드가 '정신 및 행동장애'(F00-F99)를 가진 환자를 추출하여 753명을 분석 대상으로 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 수집된 자료는 통계 프로그램 SPSS 18(Statistical Package for the Science)을 이용하여 빈도분석, t-test, ANOVA, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 주상병의 경우, 총진료비에 영향을 미치는 변수들은 연령을 제외한 모든 성별(p<.01), 응급실 도착경로(p<.001), 진료 결과(p<.001), 입원일수(p<.001) 변수들이 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 부상병의 경우, 총진료비에 영향을 미치는 변수들은 살펴보면, 모든 변수 즉 성별(p<.01), 연령(p<.001), 응급실 도착경로(p<.001), 진료 결과(p<.001), 입원일수(p<.001) 등이 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 앞으로 정부는 장기적이고 지속적으로 국민의 정신건강을 위해 효율적인 방안을 마련하고 효과적인 예방 및 관리, 정신건강 중재 프로그램 개발, 정신건강관련 진료지침, 맞춤형 치료 및 상담서비스 등 사전 사후 체계적인 정신건강증진 종합대책을 추진해야 할 것이다.

• 모자간호학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.5-20
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• 1992

This study was undertaken to identify the levels and affecting factors of the maternal role attainment(MRA) in the primipara during the postpartum period. The healthy ninety primiparous from the one university hospital and two local clinics in KwangJu city were selected and two Semantic Differential Scales (SD-Myself as Mothers, SD-My Baby) and the Pharis Self Confidence Scale were used in this study. Questionnaires were distributed at the 3rd days and the 4-6 weeks of the primiparous not showing any complication after normal delivery. The data collected were analysed statistically using t-test, Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and ANOVA. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1) On the 3rd day after the delivery, the scores of SD-myself as mother, SD-baby and Pharis Self Confidence were 70.6 points, 73.6 points and 78.6 points, respectively, showing the low level of MRA. 2) On the 4-6 weeks after delivery, the score of SD-myself as mother, SD-baby and Pharis Self Confidence were 72.8 points, 77.9 points, and 86.9 points, respectively, indicating the moderate level of MRA. 3) The mean scores of the SD scale and the Pharis Self Confidence during the postpartum periods were higher than those of the 3rd days, showing the SD-myself as mother (t=-2.09, P<.05), SD-baby(t=-4.12, P<.001), Pharis Self Confidence(t=-6.59, P<.001), respectively. 4) Positive correlations (r=.24$\sim$.69) were shown in the concepts related to the MRA and the cognitive-motor skill components and cognitive-affective skill components of the MRA became harmonious over time. 5) The relationships between the score of the MRA and the demographic and obstetric variables were as follows ; a) the score of the MRA in the twenties was higher than those of the thirties. b) the group with higher educational background showed higher MRA socres than the group with lower one. c) those who wanted pregnancy sustenance had higher MRA scores than those who did not. d) the group that did think of festus-feature represented higher MRA scores than those who did not. e) the group of mothers who have the daughters showed higher MRA scores than those who have boys. It can be concluded from the results that the MRA in the primiparous increased gradually, and that the cognitive-motor skills and cognitive-affective skills became harmonious over time. The level of the MRA was affected partly by the mothers general, obstetrical variables. Following suggestion were made oil the basis of the present study ; a) The longitudinal study on the MRA is needed. b) Multivariate analyses should be done for the identification of the factors influcening on the MRA. c) Education program for primiparous mother should be designed and developed to improve the MRA.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2018

Background: Recently, we identified a novel ginseng-derived lysophosphatidic acid receptor ligand, called gintonin. We showed that gintonin induces $[Ca^{2+}]i$ transient-mediated morphological changes, proliferation, and migration in cells expressing lysophosphatidic acid receptors and that oral administration of gintonin exhibits anti-Alzheimer disease effects in model mice. However, little is known about the intestinal absorption of gintonin. The aim of this study was to investigate gintonin absorption using two model systems. Methods: Gintonin membrane permeation was examined using a parallel artificial membrane permeation assay, and gintonin absorption was evaluated in a mouse everted intestinal sac model. Results: The parallel artificial membrane permeation assay showed that gintonin could permeate an artificial membrane in a dose-dependent manner. In the everted sac model, gintonin absorption increased with incubation time (from 0 min to 60 min), followed by a decrease in absorption. Gintonin absorption into everted sacs was also dose dependent, with a nonlinear correlation between gintonin absorption and concentration at 0.1-3 mg/mL and saturation at 3-5 mg/mL. Gintonin absorption was inhibited by the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 and the sodiumeglucose transporter inhibitor phloridzin. Moreover, lipid extraction with methanol also attenuated gintonin absorption, suggesting the importance of the lipid portion of gintonin in absorption. This result shows that gintonin might be absorbed through passive diffusion, paracellular, and active transport pathways. Conclusion: The present study shows that gintonin could be absorbed in the intestine through transcellular and paracellular diffusion, and active transport. In addition, the lipid component of gintonin might play a key role in its intestinal absorption.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.96-118
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• 2007

This study were tried to suggest basic materials for making education and training plan, and members of organization were researched about thinking of education and training effectiveness and perceptible level. The subjects of this study were 762 hospital employee selected from ten of university hospitals in Seoul, Incheon, and Kyung Gi which are doing an education and training, and conducted a self-completion questionnaire. As a result of study and plan for raising the effectiveness were indicated following statements. Firstly, according to the general specific, training effectiveness was appeared similar. So, it requires suitable alternatives to make educational programs. Secondly, according to analysis of education and training necessity, achieving a goal for education and training have difference. it needs to be scientific analysis about necessity of education and training. Thirdly, when contents of education and training program are satisfied to educatee and fit for them, thinking of education and training effectiveness is higher. Therefore, establishing the goal of education training is concrete, realistic, and measurable for increasing learning motivation. Next to, thinking of education and training effectiveness is higher, when education and training person in charge taught to educatee very well, and they were satisfied about teaching. Consequently, they who nourishment of education and training person in charge within company have to improve their ability. And then, when educatee fit for teaching technique and satisfied about it, thinking of education and training effectiveness is higher. So, education and training were tried to find many of technique for fitting the desire of educatee. Sixth, the more education and training environment is satisfactory, the more educatee have high thinking of education and training effectiveness. CEO in hospitals have to think about many-sided solution for employee. Seventh, the more education and training have correct achieving organizational goal, the more educatee have high thinking of education and training effectiveness. Accordingly, hospital management should make up for education and training system. Then, thinking of education and training effectiveness is higher, when education and training measure an effect, and reflect to personnel management and assessment of an employee's performance. It should be the feedback for using information which is planning education and training. In conclusion, when result of measurement of education and training reflect to make a education and training plan, thinking of education and training effectiveness is higher, and result of measurement of education and training should reflect to make a education and training plan.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권13호
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• pp.5487-5492
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• 2014

Ultrasonography is non-invasive and can give useful clues in the diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy, However, differential diagnosis is difficult in some situations even combined with color Doppler imaging. The present study was conducted to evaluate the clinical value of real time elastography in patients with unexplained cervical lymphadenopathy using a quantitative method. From May 2011 to February 2012, 39 enlarged lymph nodes from 39 patients with unexplained cervical lymphadenopathy were assessed. All the patients were examined by both B-mode ultrasound, color Doppler flow imaging and elastography. The method of analyzing elasto-graphic data was the calculation of the 10 parametres ("mean", "sd", "area%", "com", "kur", "ske", "con", "ent", "idm", "asm") offered by the software integrated into the Hitachi system. The findings were then correlated with the definitive tissue diagnosis obtained by lymph node dissection or biopsy. Final histology revealed 10 cases of metastatic lymph nodes, 11 cases of lymphoma, 12 cases of tuberculosis and 6 cases of nonspecific lymphadenitis. The significant distinguishing features for conventional ultrasound were the maximum short diameter (p=0.007) and absent of echogenic hilum (p=0.0293). The diagnostic accuracy was 43.6% (17/39 cases) and there were 17 patients with equivocal diagnosis. For elastography, "mean" (p=0.003), "area%" (p=0.009), "kurt" (p=0.0291), "skew" (p=0.014) and "cont" (p=0.012) demonstrated significant differences between groups. With 9 of the 17 patients with previous equivocal diagnoses (52.9%) definite and correct diagnoses could be obtained. The diagnostic accuracy for conventional ultrasound combined elastography was 69.2% (27/39 cases). There were differences in the diagnostic sensitivity of the two methods (p=0.0224). Ultrasound combined with elastography demonstrated higher rates of conclusive and accurate diagnoses in patients with unexplained cervical lymphadenopathy than conventional ultrasound. The quantitative program showed good correlation with the pathology of different lymph node diseases.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.276-285
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• 2017

이 연구는 서비스업 종사자인 카지노 딜러를 대상으로 감정노동이 소진과 우울에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 서비스업 종사자의 소진은 전문성과 그들이 제공하는 서비스의 효과성과 효율성을 저하시키는 심각한 문제이고, 또한 우울은 개인의 정신건강에 중대한 영향을 미치는 핵심 요소이다. 이를 위해 H리조트 카지노 딜러 606명을 대상으로 구조화된 설문조사를 실시한 후에 자료를 분석하였다. 소진은 CBI를 통해 업무관련 소진과 고객관련 소진을 측정하였고, 우울은 BDI를 사용하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, 카지노 딜러의 감정노동(3.50)과 업무관련 소진(3.86), 고객관련 소진(3.91)은 비교적 높은 수준으로 나타났고 둘째, 감정노동은 우울과 소진 모두에서 정(+)의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났으며 셋째, 남성에 비해 여성의 감정노동이 높았으며, 소진은 딜러가 관리직보다 높게 그리고 20대가 가장 높게 나타났다. 넷째, 감정노동은 소진과 우울 모두에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 감정노동에 종사하는 카지노 딜러의 소진을 예방하고 우울을 줄이기 위한 법률의 제정 및 근로자지원 프로그램(EAP) 등의 조직 및 개인차원의 전략과 함의를 도출하였다.