• Title/Summary/Keyword: national forest road

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The Water Deer on a Road: Road-Kill Characteristics of a Nationally Abundant but Internationally Threatened Species

  • Kim, Kyungmin;Seo, Hyunjin;Woo, Donggul;Park, Taejin;Song, Euigeun
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.62-68
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    • 2021
  • Despite numerous efforts on reducing road-kill worldwide, the collisions have been occurring continuously. Many factors are affecting road-kill occurrences and the effect is various by species. We investigated Hydropotes inermis argyropus road-kill characteristics on the national highway. We examined 9,099 H. i. argyropus road-kill points with distance to the gaps on road (interchange and intersection) and distance to six natural land-cover types as explanatory variables. We also examined the number of road-kill occurrences according to temporal variation using chi-square test with 9,658 events. In general, H. i. argyropus road-kill location tended to occur close to the gaps on road, agricultural lands and forests. The average distance from road-kill to the gap was 694.7 m and 78.6% of the collisions were occurred within 1 km from the gaps. In addition, Kruskal-Wallis test showed the distance between road-kill points and each land cover and the gaps was significantly different. The temporal analyses showed that the differences of the H. i. argyropus road-kill frequency are significant in both month and season. Our results implies H. i. argyropus road-kill location tended to occur close to the gaps on road, agricultural lands and forests in general, especially during May and June, according to their seasonal behavior. Thus, we suggest there is a need of concentrated management on the roads with specific characteristics for both wildlife and human safety.

Studies on Erosion Amount of the Newly - Constructed Forest Road (신설임도(新設林道)의 초기침식량(初期侵蝕量)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Jung, Do-Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.84 no.3
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    • pp.319-332
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    • 1995
  • This research was carried out to investigate the influences of forest road characteristics and rainfalls on the amount of erosion on the newly - constructed forest road in the Research Forests of Seoul National University located in Mt. Backwoon - san, Kwangyang. Amount of soil erosion on the newly - constructed forest road was measured for 2 years since the forest road construction. Using the stepwise multiple regression method, amount of soil erosion from cut - slopes, fill - slopes, road surfaces, and side - ditches were seperately expressed as a function of statistically significant road design and rainfall factors, and multiple regression models to estimate the amount of soil erosion were significant to explain the variance in erosion by each structures. According to results of this study, amount of erosion from the newly - constructed forest road was estimated as much as 668.51m/km for 2 years. Out of total amount of soil erosion, 21.9%(144.27m/km) from cut - slopes, 39.8%(261.89m/km) from fill - slopes, 8.1%(53.33m/km) from road surfaces, and 30.2%(199.02m/km) from side - ditches were occurred.

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Strategy Prospects of Environmental Restoration of Stream Side in Japan - With a Special Reference to the Forest Road, Forest Conservation and Erosion Control - (일본(日本)에서 계류변(溪流邊)의 환경복원(環境復元) 발전전략(發展戰略) II - 임도(林道) 및 치산(治山)·사방(砂防)을 중심(中心)으로 -)

  • Park, Jae-Hyeon;Woo, Bo-Myeong;Kwon, Tae-Ho;Lee, Heon-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.66-74
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    • 2000
  • This study was carried out to introduce current status and development strategy for an environmental restoration of stream side in Japan, and to consider a methodology which could be effectively applied for the environmental restoration of stream side in Korea. The strategy prospects of environmental restoration in Japan were summarized as follows: 1. We should establish a new paradigm of forest road, forest conservation and erosion control which can emphasize the restoration of the streamside ecosystem and reduce the effects of soil movement change in the areas. And we should maintain the biotic habitats to conserve native biotic community when we practice forest road, forest conservation and erosion control works. 2. In the point of view ecological conservation aspects, we should evaluate the effects of new forest conservation and erosion control methods which is emphasized on the restoration of the streamside ecosystem to apply desirable methodology to the environmental restoration of the streamside area. 3. In the past, the objective of forest conservation and erosion control was to fix a soil by construction of permanent structures. Whereas, the direction of future's forest conservation and erosion control needs to change new forest conservation and erosion control technology to prevent large scale soil movement but allow small scale soil movement to conserve sound ecosystem and biotic habitats. 4. The restoration of the streamside ecosystem should provide continuity of the streamside environment which allows desirable biological habitats, and environmentally sound facilities to harmonize the environment.

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Development of Prediction Model for Fill Slope Failure of Forest Road (임도성토사면(林道盛土斜面)의 붕괴예측(崩壞豫測)모델 개발(開發))

  • Cha, Du Song;Ji, Byoung Yun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.90 no.3
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    • pp.324-330
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    • 2001
  • This study was carried out to develop prediction model for fill slope failure of forest road in igneous rock area using fuzzy theory which is non-linear model. The results were summarized as follows. The importance weight of factors on fill slope failure was ranked in the order of fill slope length, fill slope gradient, soil type, aspect, road position and longitudinal slope form. The degree of potential slope failure was high mainly under the such conditions as fill slope length greater than 8m, fill slope gradients steeper than $40^{\circ}$, constituent material with weathered rock, aspect of NE and road on ridge position. The optimal prediction model was developed with 0.15 of optimal coefficient(c) and 3.1165 of ${\lambda}$-value when fuzzy integral value of slope failure possibility is more than 0.5. And the discriminant accuracy was 86.8%, which shows the high availability for discrimination.

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Tendency for Vegetation Recovery Years after Forest Road Construction (임도 개설 후 경과년수에 따른 식생 회복 경향)

  • Sung-Yeon Lee;Chung-Weon Yun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.113 no.3
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    • pp.327-338
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    • 2024
  • Forest road construction can degrade the physical and biological environments of forest ecosystems. Although this degradation may be temporary, some research has shown the potential for the long-term recovery of the original ecosystem. This study investigated changes in communities' structures over time to understand the process of ecosystem change following road construction. Data were collected from 63 plots, each measuring 25m2, in Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, including plots from roads constructed in 1998 (25 years elapsed), 2021 (two years elapsed), and 2022 (one year elapsed), using phytosociological methods. The results showed that the importance of the values of Pinus densiflora an d Quercus variabilis in the tree and subtree layers of the 25-year-old cut slopes were similar to those of the control plots, indicating the significant recovery of the original ecosystem's structure and function after 25 years. Species diversity analysis revealed the higher evenness and lower dominance of the cut slopes and road surfaces attributed to the high dominance of species such as Arundinella hirta and Miscanthus sinensis. The community similarity index and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) indicated that the control plots, all the edge plots, and the 25-year-old cut slopes could be considered part of the same community. In conclusion, forest roads in place for 25 years appear to have been restored to the level of the original ecosystem. These findings can serve as valuable ecological data for understanding the vegetation recovery process at future forest road construction sites.

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Disaster Occurrence and the Disaster-prone Zones on the Forest Roads in the Jeollabuk-do Area (전라북도 지역의 임도 재해발생 및 위험지 특성분석)

  • Park, Ji-hyuck;Park, Chong-Min
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.104 no.4
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    • pp.598-606
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    • 2015
  • This study analyzed the characteristics of the disaster occurrence and disaster-prone zones on the 85 forest roads in the Jeollabuk-do area by referring to their forest environment factors. The on-site survey reveal the types of forest road disasters as follows: erosions of cutting slopes 54.1%, erosions of the filling slope 35.3%, collapses of cutting slopes with filling slope 9.4%, and erosions of road surface 1.1%. Disasters most frequently occurred in the vertical location (the hillside) and the horizontal location (the slope), and the forest factors affecting the road disasters were degree of cutting slopes in $31^{\circ}{\sim}40^{\circ}$, degree of filling slopes in $21^{\circ}{\sim}30^{\circ}$, and the soil texture of SiL. The most significant factors on the most frequent occurrence of forest road disasters were forest type of coniferous, slope aspect northeast, forest age of plantation and felling area, and rainfall in 1601~1700. An analysis of the occurrence of the forest road disasters in the Jeollabuk-do area showed a positive correlative relationship with the following factors of the forest environment within a 1% error: degree of cutting slope in $31^{\circ}{\sim}40^{\circ}$, annual accumulation rainfall in 1601~1700. and showed a positive correlative relationship with the following factors of the forest environment within a 5% error: horizontal location of valley, forest type of coniferous, length of slope more than 20 m, forest age of plantation and felling area, soil texture of SiL.

Bearing Capacity Reinforcing Effect of Forest Road Surface by Construction of Sub-base using Geosynthetics (토목섬유 활용 노반 조성을 통한 임도 노면지지력 강화효과 분석)

  • Hwang, Jin-Seong;Ji, Byoung-Yun;Lee, Kwan-Hee;Kweon, Hyeong-Keun;Kim, Myung-Hwan
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.107 no.2
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    • pp.166-173
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    • 2018
  • This study was carried out to establish the standard of sub-base facility which can strengthen road surface bearing capacity for smooth passage of logging trucks in forest road as the size of the logging truck has been increased in order to improve the efficiency of timber transportation. The results of reinforcement effect analysis of the surface bearing capacity by the thickness of sub-base prepared with the optimum aggregate mix ratio using geosynthetics for forest road on the soft ground in the Forest Technology and Management Research Center are as follows. The surface bearing capacity of CBR exceeding 15% was found to be sufficient when the sub-base was constructed over 0.2 m depth of laying gravels with installation of geosynthetics after digging out subsoil. However, there is no significant difference in reinforcement effect of surface bearing capacity by types of geosynthetics. And, it was found that the surface bearing capacity was insufficient in the installation of sub-base. Therefore, in the case of soft ground, It is possible to secure the reinforcement of the surface bearing capacity for the smooth passage of heavy logging trucks by sub-base, that was constructed over 0.2 m depth of laying gravels with installation of geosynthetics after digging out subsoil.

Comparison of urban forest fragmentation between four cities in Kyungpook, Korea (경상북도 4개 도시의 녹지파편화 현상 비교)

  • Jang, Gab Sue;Park, In Hwan
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.13-23
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    • 1999
  • This study was carried out to investigate the degree of impact from road construction and forest fragmentation after urbanization. And this study was also conducted to compare the urban forest fragmentations of four cities, Taegu, Pohang, Kyungju, and Kumi, in Kyungpook, Korea, with referring the Landsat TM remotely sensed data. Taegu metropolitan city has the largest forest volume of our surveying sites, comparing with three other cities-Kyungju Pohang Kumi city in kyungpook, Korea. The forest has been fragmented during urbanization, the number of forest patch has been increased, therefore, the patch size has been smaller. The forest in Pohang and Kyungju city represented the intermediate aspect between Taegu Metropolitan city and Kumi city, it means forest of the region has been stable condition. Road construction brings to increasing edge habitat area. However, as the core area was decreased, the habitats have been unstable. This result can be a basis on the management of the forest which is the origin of biodiversity. Hereafter, if the research, based on the multi-temporal remote sensing data, is proceeded continuously, the forest fragmentation will be able to be reduced. We will be able to settle urban forest management more practically.

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Planning of Alternative Forest Road Network Using GIS (GIS를 이용한 대안별 임도노망의 계획에 관한 연구)

  • Jeon, Kwon-Seok
    • Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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    • v.11 no.1 s.24
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    • pp.21-28
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    • 2003
  • This study was aimed at suggest a proper planning method to select a optimal forest road network in mountains forest using GIS(Geographic Information System). To examine the field applicability, the method was applied to the National Forest at Mt. Kumsan in Namhae-gun, Gyungsangnam-do. The main results from altogether six alternative road route plans were derived from these criteria obtained the alternative route plan No.2 has two layout criteria, longitudinal gradient and earth work volume, and it showed similar pattern of existing forest road network which was designed mainly ground slope and longitudinal gradient. The alternative route plan No.6 has four criteria, longitudinal gradient, earth work volume, investment effect and landscape impact. It was different for the lowest forest road density among the alternatives and the pattern of the forest road layout was radial form, which was also quite different to other alternatives. For optimal forest road network planning, GIS provide the efficient and resonable solutions for decision making to provide the support for evaluation about various alternative road networks. If detailed inventory and relevant data are provided and also clear and objective indicators for evaluations are set up, it could be applied to preliminary analysis and detail planning stage to prevent undesirable effect such the land slide and soil erosion due to inadequate planning for forest road network.

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Analysis of the Forest Road Cut-slope Erosion Control and Rehabilitation Techniques using Gabion Systems with Vegetation Base Materials (임도비탈면에 시공한 식생기반재돌망태의 침식방지 및 녹화효과 분석)

  • Park, Jae-Hyeon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.102 no.1
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    • pp.30-37
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    • 2013
  • Analysis of new approaches to achieve naturally good ecological potential of forest road cut-slope by making the best use of advantages of gabion systems with vegetation base materials to prevent slope failure and erosion, in the area with highly erodible soil. Existing gabion systems can be divided into monolithic and modular system and can be divided into ten subtypes according to the purpose of establishment and combination of other measures. As a result on the monitoring of erosion amount from forest road cut-slopes in the test applications, the order of erosion amount from largest to smallest is as follows: the curved road cut-slope site where normal gabion system was established 5,840 $cm^3$; the control site 5,833 $cm^3$; the straight road cut-slope site where normal gabion system was established 5,621 $cm^3$; the curved road cut-slope site where the new gabion system was established 4,298 $cm^3$; and the straight road cut-slope site where the new gabion system 4,117 $cm^3$. Therefore, the result shows that the new gabion system is more effective than the normal gabion system to reduce erosion amount from forest road cut-slopes. During the study period, vegetation coverages of the straight and curved road cut-slope site where the new gabion system was established were about 56(30~85)% and about 45(28~65)%, so average vegetation coverage of the sites where the new gabion systems was established was higher than the sites where the normal gabion systems was established. Therefore, it was concluded that the new gabion system can be more effective for cut-slope revegetation.