• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.238-249
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• 2017

Background: Currently establishment of public pharmaceutical companies became an issue for securing stable supply of national essential drugs in order to respond appropriately to national public health crisis. Pharmacy students as future pharmacists need to be interested in drug related issues under the discussion in our society. This study aimed to investigate perceptions of pharmacy students on the national drug supply strategy through public pharmaceutical companies. Methods: A 20-items questionnaire designed for this study was used. Pharmacy students nationwide were enrolled in July 2017. They responded to questions through on-line survey program. Data were analyzed descriptively. Results: 160 students from 26 pharmacy schools participated. 5th and 6th grade students accounted for two-thirds, and one third aspired future jobs in pharmaceutical industry. Among responders, 71.3% was unaware of current national essential drugs, 52.5% did not know the Rare and Essential Drug Center, and 91.9% was unaware of the legislation on the supply and management of essential drugs. 82.5% favored the establishment of public pharmaceutical companies. 80.6% agreed that government should intervene in pharmaceutical market for ensuring drug accessibilities, 73.8% agreed that public pharmaceutical companies make possible to reach a goal of stable supply of pharmaceuticals, and 85.1% agreed that active compulsory license by public pharmaceutical companies is necessary. Conclusion: We found that pharmacy students recognized the need for governmental control to achieve social values of pharmaceuticals. More attention and participation of the pharmacy students as well as pharmacists in the process of national debate on public pharmaceutical companies are expected.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.311-325
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• 2020

Background: Health statistics of pharmaceutical use and expenditure are essential to make and implement evidence-based pharmaceutical policy. This study aims to demonstrate the methods and results of pharmaceutical consumption and sales in 2018 according to the sources and methods given by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Methods: The medication list contains 39,346 medicines both reimbursed and non-reimbursed by the National Health Insurance in 2018. We used the therapeutic categories based on Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical Classification of World Health Organization. This study analyzed National Health Insurance claims data and supply data generated from wholesalers to health care facilities. The indicators are defined daily dose (DDD), per 1,000 inhabitants per day and US$ per capita. Results: In South Korea, the number of medications to which DDD were assigned was 18,055 and it was 45.9% of the total number of medications on the list. The consumption in anti-infective for systemic use (J) and musculo-skeletal system (M) was higher than the mean consumption among the OECD countries. The pharmaceutical sales per person in Korea was also higher than the mean sales per person across the OECD countries. Conclusion: We sought to explain the methods to produce pharmaceutical consumption and sales statistics which we had submitted annually to OECD. Considering the characteristics of pharmaceutical statistics, a direct comparison should be approached with caution. Since the growth in pharmaceutical spending has greatly increased over the past decade, we need to monitor pharmaceutical consumption and expenditure consistently.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.209-215
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• 2009

This study was performed to produce the processing factors of pesticides in dried carrot. It is essential data for establishing the maximum residue limits (MRLs) of pesticides in dried carrot. The target pesticides were azinphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, captan, endosulfan and triclorfon. These pesticides are included Korea's MRL list in carrot and USA's MRL list in dried foods. To infiltrate these pesticides up to each MRL level in carrot, the dipping test was performed in laboratory. Also, the supervised residue trial of the pesticide for carrot was conducted in the green house to recognize the field trial's tendency. In the dipping test in laboratory (including drying examination), the processing factors of the carrot at various concentrations and temperatures could be evaluated. In field test, the processing factors were 5.9 for azinphos-methyl, 1.7 for captan, 7.6 for chlorpyrifos, 6 for endosulfan, 0 for trichlorfon, respectively. The dipping test in laboratory on various kinds of conditions showed more precise processing factors than field trial. The processing factors obtained from the dipping test of carrot were 0~4.7 at the various concentration of the pesticides, and 0~6.7 at various drying temperature. The lower level processing factors were 0~0.6 for trichlorfon and the higher level were 3.0~5.8 for chlorpyrifos. The highest processing factor was 9.1 for captan.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.176-181
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• 2012

Persistent accidents related to food safety and expanded international trades have urged the world to be aware of the gravity of the accidents. Accordingly many countries have tried to come up with various laws, regulations, measures, support networks and educational programs for the agenda, particularly focusing on harmonizing food safety technologies among nations and fostering professionals. Also, APEC newly organized Food Safety Cooperation Forum (FSCF) in 2007 to exert multi-dimensional efforts to improve food safety for Asia Pacific nations. Up to now, 35 activities have been promoted since 2007 and additional 20 activities are waiting for their turns for action on the list of APEC project agenda. FSCF has the objective that it helps the stakeholders in food supply chain develop their own competence in that area, thus increase international trade among nations and maintain the globe healthy by applying the highest standards and best practices for the management of food safety ranging from production to consumption. To achieve this strategic objective, APEC subsequently formed Partnership Training Institute Network (PTIN) to build up the multilateral networks of specialists from governmental agencies engaging in food safety management, industries, academia and international organizations in Asia-Pacific region. This attempt made it possible for the world to exchange their scientific and technological information concerning food safety and strengthen related education and training. Today, international cooperation is essential for food safety management. Therefore, we need to participate actively in the activities of APEC FSCF to contribute to improving food safety technologies for the member countries of APEC. We also need to connect the domestic support programs with theirs.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.176-197
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• 2002

Backgound : This study is to suggest the standardized format of the clinical sheets and the standardized items of every clinical sheet. The standardization of the medical records will increase the faithfullnes of the contents in them and it will contribute to construct the good health information system. Method : From Jan. 1st. 2001 to March 31st 2001, we gathered as many paper clinical sheets as possible by every class of institutions to review the faithfulness of the clinical contents in them. Clinical sheets of 9 tertiary care hospitals, 6 general hospitals and 56 clinics were gathered. Two experienced medical record administrators reviewed them. The review focus was to check whether the items recommend by the hospital standardization review criteria and hospital service evaluation organization were appeared in the clinical sheets and whether the contents of every item were written. Results : Tertiary care hospitals; In case of administrative data, the contents were filled well if the items were fixed. The clinical data like C.C, history,physical examiniation were filled well, but if the items were not fixed, some items were omitted. The result is that more items are to be filled if they are fixed. General hospitals Administrative data were filled more than 50%. Final diagnosis was filled about 66.7%.But other clinical data were not filled well and not many clinical related items were appeared in the sheets.In the legal point of view, the reason for visiting hosptals or the right diagnosis, patient condition at discharge could not be confirmed well.In surgery cases, surgical procedures could not be confirmed well as many surgical related information(surgery time, fluids and blood, number of sponges, biopsy, etc) were omitted. Clinics More than 70% administrative data were filled and fixed as items. Among the clinical related data, laboratory result was the most credible data. But without the right diagnosis, drug orders were given and doctors' written signatures were not appeared over 96.4%. So the clinical sheets cannot be used as a legal document. Conculusion : There was a tendency that the contents were filled well if the items were fixed in the documents, We also suggest a clinical check list to review the completeness and faithfulness of the clinical sheets. If many hospitals use the suggested clincal check list and if they make the necessary items fixed in the clinical sheets, the quality of the medical record will increase dramatically.

• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.6
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• pp.80-104
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• 2024

Ginseng, a representative medicinal plant of South Korea, is also highly valued in North Korea. However, due to limited access to information about North Korea, the actual cultivation, research and development trends, and related industry status of ginseng in North Korea are not well known. In this study, we aimed to understand the current status and research trends of the ginseng industry in North Korea based on limited available literature. In the North Korean pharmacopoeia, ginseng is referred to as "Koryo ginseng" and is defined as the roots of 6-year-old ginseng cultivated in the Kaesong region. The pharmacopoeia includes 22 types of ginseng preparations. In addition, 10 ginseng preparations are included in North Korea's Essential Drug List, and various health supplements, cosmetics, and toothpastes containing ginseng have been developed, distributed, and sold. Since 2014, the ginseng industry and research in North Korea have become more active overall. During this period, the ginseng cultivation area in Kaesong has been significantly expanded, and the facilities have been renovated. The Kaesong Koryo Ginseng Processing Plant has been equipped with sterilized, modernized facilities since 2016 and has been in operation. Since 2017, there has been a growing interest in quality control research, leading to the introduction of quality management regulations and certification systems in 2019. In the 1990s, there was significant research on ginseng product development, and since the 2000s, studies on the pharmacological effects and clinical research of ginseng have been reported. Additionally, research on ginseng cultivation and ginseng processing industries to increase yield has been emphasized. Ginseng, as a representative medicinal crop of Korea, holds great importance for both South and North Korea. Given its significance and the potential for synergy through mutual cooperation, ginseng serves as an ideal subject for inter-Korean exchange and collaboration.