• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 1991

In the unhydrated and hydrated states, conformational free energies of L-ascorbic acid anion (AAA) were computed with an empirical potential function and the hydration shell model (a program CONBIO). The conformational energy was minimized from possible starting conformations expressed with five torsion angles of the molecule. The conformational entropy of each low energy conformation in both states was computed using a harmonic approximation. As found in L-ascorbic acid (AA), intramolecular hydrogen bonds (HBs) are proved to be of significant importance in stabilizing the overall conformations of AAA in both states, and give the folded conformations, which are quite different from those in crystal. There are competitions between HBs and hydration around O3 atom of the lactone ring and hydroxyls of the acyclic side chain. Especially, the whole conformation of AAA is strongly dependent on the water-accessibility of O3 atom. Though there is a significant effect of the hydration on conformational surface, the lowest energy conformation of the unhydrated AAA is conserved. The different patterns of HBs and hydration result in the conformations of AAA in both states being different from those of AA. It can be drawn by several feasible conformations obtained in the hydrated state that there exists an ensemble of several conformations in aqueous solution.

• Journal of Space Technology and Applications
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.146-168
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• 2022

Witnessing current military conflicts in South China Sea and Eastern Europe, most defense analysts evaluate one of the most serious security threat toward the US is coming from the superpower competitions with Russia and China. The main means for such super power hegemonic competitions is military power and space power is a key enabler to maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of military employment. Reflecting above circumstances, the space hegemonic competition between the Unites States and China is spreading into all aspects of national powers. Under such an environment, R.O.K needs to significantly develop national space power to preserve life and assets of people in space. On the other hand, the R.O.K has a lot of limitations in launching space assets into orbits by land-based space rockets due to its geographic locations. The limitation of rocket launching direction, the failure to secure a significant area enough to secure safety and the limitation to secure open area enough to build associated facilities are among them. On this paper, I will suggest the need to build the 2nd space rocket launching site after analyzing a lot of short-falls the current 'Naro' space center face, compared to those of advanced space powers around the world.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.393-399
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• 2015

Recently, the fierce competitions in the shipping industry and the global economic downturn have heavily influenced ports' operational strategies. In order for port authorities to remain competitive at an international level and to provide more accurate information to develop National policies, ports are required to analyse and improve operations' efficiency. In this paper, the efficiency of 19 Italian ports in 2013, handling different types of cargoes, is assessed through the application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), with constant return to scale (CRS) and variable return to scale (VRS). The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficiency of Italian ports and evaluate whether differences in size and specialization of each port (or cargo handled) are directly correlated with ports' efficiency.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.293-299
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• 2008

Young children have manifold potentialities. As any teacher or parent knows, a child's most obvious strengths contribute to their development in unexpected ways. A sporting or musical forte may provide an invaluable youthful opportunity to experience "the pursuit of excellence," but may then be laid aside. It is exceedingly rare for a strength which informed observers might "identify" at school level to develop in a predictable way. Most strengths blossom and are then laid aside, whilst some evolve sideways (for example, when the inner muse shies away from the required level of commitment, or takes fright at the miniscule prospects of success in the given field). In their place other strengths-which one may have noticed, but which were never "diagnosed" in the same way-take over and flourish.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.361-364
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• 2009

In recent, the marketing competitions that stimulates the emotions of consumers are intensifying in the domestic construction industry due to the increase of unsold new apartments. However, there is a need for brand identity establishment through which more differentiated information can be delivered to the consumers, as each brand is focusing only on idealistic image advertisements of dream, future and happiness. Accordingly in this study, the top five brand apartments according to the national brand value evaluation index (BSTI, BrandStock Top Index) were selected and analyzed their TV advertisement characteristics, and its purpose is in evaluating the brand images perceived by the consumers of their TV advertisements. The significance of the results from this study is in presenting the basic information for establishing effective communication between the corporations and consumers. The survey research of this study was conducted for the students of D University, and SPSS 14.0 program was used for the statistical data analysis.

• IE interfaces
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2006

The university library plays the most important role in university. It provides the space and facilities to keep a variety of books and read them. One facility which is the most frequently used in a library is a reading room. In reality, it is the place where many college students spend most of their time. However, there are sometimes severe competitions to get a seat in a reading room, especially near the time of examinations. In order to resolve this situation and to increase the student‘s satisfaction, these days, many universities have installed a seat management system. In this paper, first, problems on the management of a reading room and student’s responses are reviewed. Then operational issues on the seat management systems are investigated and analyzed through simulations. Finally, discussions are followed to improve the effectiveness of a seat management system.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.15-40
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• 2017

This paper addresses the zero-sum of soft power against the backdrop of the rise of China and the relative "decline" of America. It attempts to find out that whether the "decline" of America's soft power is caused by the rise of China's soft power, and whether China's rise could guarantee with certainty the growth of soft power. In light of the particularity of South Korea, that is, its economy relies on China and its security relies on the US, this paper chooses South Korea as the entry point for the study. Based on the Pew data from a South Korean opinion poll, this paper conducts bivariate correlation and binary logistic regression respectively, to explore the existence of zero-sum "competitions" between China's and America's soft power.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.95-106
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• 1997

Even though there are extracurricular mathematics classes for gifted students in all levels of schools in Korea, teachers cannot conduct the classes properly because the contents of the textbook are not adequate for the purpose of the classes. So, what they tend to do in the classes is just drilling with many problems which have already shown up at university entrance examinations and various mathematics competitions. The purpose of this paper is to give an example of what the content should be in "Mathematics III" (an elective subject for the science high school students according to the fifth and sixth amendment of national curriculum) and to suggest how to design the extracurricular classes for gifted students. Extracurricular classes of the ordinary secondary school as well as the elective course for the science high school can be suitably designed with choices of topics in the contents of Mathematics III.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.963-976
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• 2012

As the college environment changes, the roles of professors and students should also be changed. And the way that we teach undergraduate students should also be changed. The purpose of this research is to analysis characteristics of good teaching methods in college as perceived by students and professors. We did content analysis to elicit the characteristics of good instruction from qualitative comments of 196 course evaluations, 195 excellent essays selected from 8 college essay competitions, and 72 teaching knowhow essays of professors. To see the difference of division in good instruction characteristics, we did frequency analysis by SPSS statistics program. According to the content analysis, the most essential characteristics of good instruction as perceived by the students and professors is teaching strategies. There were also differences in the fact of recognition transition by division and the students-professors.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.42-48
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• 2011

This paper proposes performance measurement method of quality small-group activity in business. This paper collects and analyzes quality circle activities data respect to tangible and intangible effect in national quality circles competitions festival. This paper proposes QPI (quality-circle performance index) based on Balanced Scorecard for quality small-group activity in quality improvement area. QPI is to measure the performance of quality improvement activities in the business firms. QPI is able to use widely in industries to provide a performance measure of quality small-group activity. In this paper, we propose the application method of QPl.