• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.31-34
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• 2008

Introduction: Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the skin (LELCS) is a rare cutaneous tumor of low grade malignancy and microscopically resembles lymphoepitheliomatous malignancies in the nasopharynx, palatine tonsils, salivary glands and uterine cervix. LELCS presents as scarlet-colored firm nodules or plaques on the face, scalp, or shoulder of middle-aged to elderly individuals. Material and Methods: A 72 year-old female had complained a papule like lesion with intermittent pruritis on the left temple for 2 years. But the lesion was changed to scarlet-colored firm nodule with ulceration. The mass was diagnosed as LELCS on the biopsy. And to confirm that the mass is not metastatic lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma from other sites or direct tumor extension from the nasopharynx, selective radiographic and laboratory tests were done carefully. Results: Wide excision was performed with general endotracheal anesthesia. The tumor is composed of island of large epithelial cells surrounded by as dense infiltrate of lymphocytes. Immunohistochemical staining with cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen(EMA), the tumor cells were positive reaction for stain. And Epstein-Barr virus genome was not detected by in situ hybridization. So, the tumor was confirmed as LELCS. Conclusion: LELCS was described by Swanson at 1988, but has not been reported in the field of plastic surgery of Korea. We report a case of primary LELCS that occurred in the left temple with clinical characteristics, histologic features and references.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.189-193
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• 2004

Basaloid squamous carcinoma (BSC) is an uncommon aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma with a predilection for hypopharynx, tongue base, and larynx. We present 5 cases of BSC of unusual sites, each from maxillary sinus, external auditory canal, submandibular gland, tonsil, and nasopharynx. Only a few cases arising in these sites have been reported to date. Patients included 3 men and 2 women with the age range of 45-69 years (mean, 56.4 years). Microscopically, the tumors were characterized by solid lobules and nests of ovoid basaloid cells with abundant desmoplastic stroma. Comedonecrosis, peripheral palisading of tumor cells, trabecular pattern, and rosette-like arrangement were commonly observed. Tumor cells had scanty cytoplasm and their nuclei were ovoid, relatively uniform, and hyperchromatic. In two cases, concomitant squamous cell carcinoma in situ was identified. Immunohistochemical stains revealed that tumor cells were strongly positive for pancytokeratin and negative or weakly positive for p63. Being aware of BSC that can arise from unusual sites would help diagnose correctly and treat properly this rare and distinct clinicopathologic entity.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1993.05a
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• pp.99-99
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• 1993

Radiography of nasopharynx are routinely performed for nasopharyngeal soft tissue changes. Although CT scan is widely performed nowadays, the value of lateral neck radiograph is still important to detect the masses in the nasopharynx. The purpose of this study was to establish the constitution of the normal dimension of the nasopharyngeal soft tissue on the lateral neck radiograph and make a parameter of the nasopharyngeal soft tissue hypertrophy. We have made various measurements of the thickness of the nasopharyngeal soft tissue on the lateral skull films in 214 Korean adults (109 males and 104 females). We found that the diameter of the nasopharyngeal soft tissue was decreased by age and the value of males were always greater than that of females and the thickness of the roof was always less than the posterior wall.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 1993

Polymorphic reticulosis is characterized by relentlessly progressive, localized, destructive inflammation process that predominently involves upper respiratory tract, nose, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx and face. It is a rare and fetal disease in otolarynogologic field. Recently the authors carried out clinical observation on the two cases of polymorphic reticulosis diagnosed histopathologically after biopsy and treated by only radiation therapy with good result.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.92-96
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• 2001

Velopharyngeal function refers to the combined activity of the soft palate and pharynx in closing and opening the velopharyngeal port to the required degree. In normal speech, various muscles of palate & pharynx function as sphincter and occlude the oropharynx from the nasopharynx during the production of oral consonant sounds. Inadequate velopharyngeal function caused by neurologic disorder - cerebral apoplexy, regressive diseases - disseminated sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, congenital deformity - cleft palate, cerebral palsy and etc. may result in abnormal speech characterized by hypernasality, nasal emission and decreased intelligibility of speech due to weak consonant production. In our study, we constructed speech aids prosthesis - Palatal lift in acquired idiophathic VPI patient and assessed velopharyngeal function with various diagnostic instruments which can evaluate the speech characteristics objectively.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 2005

Nasal obstruction may cause or aggravate sleep disordered breathing but exact pathogenesis is not clear. The possible mechanism could be combination of alteration in upper airway aerodynaimcs, loss of nasal reflex or sensation, effect of mouth opening, and a genetic predisposition. Anatomical narrowing of nasal airway cause more rapid airflow and induce more negative inspiratory air pressure. So, it increases collapsibility of pharyngeal airway. Loss of nasal sensation to airflow block nasal reflex. Mouth opening decreases the activity of pharyngeal airway dilator muscles and narrowing the pharyngeal airway may occur. The treatment of nasal obstruction should be done according to the cause. The causes of nasal obstruction are various from problems of external nasal opening to nasopharynx. Relief of nasal obstruction may not cure sleep disordered breathing always. In some mild obstructive sleep apnea patients, treatment of nasal obstruction only may cure sleep disordered breathing. In some severe sleep apnea patients, treatment of nasal obstruction may increase compliance of continous nasal positive airway pressure.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.3
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• pp.57-69
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• 1998

Velopharyngeal function refers to the combined activity of the soft palate and pharynx in closing and opening the velopharyngeal port to the required degree. In normal speech, during the production of oral consonant sounds elevation of the soft palate, along with the superior constrictor muscle, occludes the oropharynx from the nasopharynx. Inadequate velopharyngeal function caused by congenital or acquired insufficiency or incompetency may result in abnormal speech characterized by hypernasality, nasal emission and decreased intelligibility of speech due to weak consonant production. The speech aid is often helpful in improving the speech of individuals with velopharyngeal incompetency. In this article, the pathogenesis and treatment of velopharyngeal incompetence are discussed and a speech aid appliance that was constructed for the patient is described.

• 대한두경부종양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.253-253
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• 2002

• 대한두경부종양학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.254-254
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• 2002

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.265-268
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• 1997

Malignant lymphoma is the tumor of immune system which is known as the most common nonepitheloid tumor of head and neck region. It is mainly found in the cervical, axillary and inguinal lymph node, but gastrointestinal tract, palatine tonsil, nasopharynx, oropharynx, nasal cavity and salivary glands may be involved. Primary lymphoma of the thyroid gland is an uncommon condition, comprising approximately 2% of all malignant lymphoma and 5% of all thyroid malignant neoplasms. Recently, we experienced a case of malignant lymphoma of the thyroid gland, which was histopathologically proven. So we report our findings in this patient with review of literatures.