• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.274-277
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• 2019

A Miniature Schnauzer presented with bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge and sneezing. Computed tomography of the skull revealed exudates in the nasal cavity and frontal gyrus. Nasal swab cytology showed features of an epithelial-origin tumor. Histopathologic evaluation of the biopsy specimen revealed irregular proliferation of epithelial cells and necrotized tissue. Positive immunohistochemical staining confirmed the epithelial origin of the cells. The dog was diagnosed with nasal carcinoma and was treated with a chemotherapy protocol of carboplatin and piroxicam. This report confirms the effectiveness of combination chemotherapy only without radiotherapy in a dog with nasal carcinoma and provides a guideline for providing alternative treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.96-107
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the effect of Korean medicine on olfactory disorders due to chronic sinusitis. Methods : Two patients with chronic sinusitis complaining of olfactory disturbances, nasal obstruction, and purulent discharge were treated with herbal medicines and acupuncture treatment. The nasal endoscopic examination and paranasal sinuses x-ray series (PNS x-ray) were performed. In addition, numeral rating scale (NRS) of olfactory disturbances and degrees of nasal obstruction and purulent discharge were evaluated. Results : In cases 1 and 2, NRS of olfactory disturbances decreased from 9 to 1. Nasal obstruction and purulent discharge decreased to no symptoms or intermittent level at moderate or severe level. The endoscopic findings and PNS x-ray findings were improved after treatments. Among various treatments of Korean medicine, Gamitonggyu-tang may play a crucial role in the reduction of sinusitis and olfactory disorders. Conclusions : This case report can be used as a basis for the use of Korean medicine, Gamitonggyu-tang, for olfactory disorder due to chronic sinusitis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.369-374
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• 2008

A neutered male, 8-year-old, Pekingese, weighing 4.3 kg with a history of anorexia, sneezing, nasal discharge, and epistaxis for one month was referred. Soft tissue swelling around the nasal bone and small defects of the hard palate with a tiny round dark red mass were found on physical examination. The laboratory tests represented mild leukocytosis. On skull radiographs, soft tissue swelling and osteolytic change of the incisor bone, nasal bone, and maxilla were found. On computed tomography scan images, there was soft tissue attenuating opacity with calcified spots in the bilateral nasal cavities and frontal sinuses. Loss of nasal turbinate pattern and nasal septum was found. And destruction of the insicor bone, nasal bone, maxilla, hard palate, perpendicular palatine bone, and cribriform plate were identified. Nasal malignant melanoma was confirmed by nasal biopsy.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.256-259
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• 2002

A 39 kg, 7-year-old male Labrador Retriever dog with a 3-month history of epistaxis, sneezing, and nasal discharge was referred to the Veterinary Medical Center of the Tokyo University. On the plain X-ray and computed tomography (CT) of the head showed increased density of the soft tissue in the left nasal cavity and the tumor infiltrated to nasal septum. The tumor mass removed by rhinotomy. Histopathological examination of the mass revealed adenocarcinoma. Four weeks after the surgery, the radiation therapy was performed twice a week for f weeks. 4 months after surgery, the dog had a recurrence in nasal cavity and administered carboplatin 300 mg/$m^2$ twice. However, the tumor had no response to chemotherapy, additional surgery and additional radiation therapy, and the dog was euthanized at the owner's request. At necropsy, metastatic proliferation was confirmed in the lung, lymph nodes and nasal cavity.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.360-362
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• 2002

A 9-year-old male Maltese with foamy nasal discharge, respiratory distress, and sneezing followed by epistaxis was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University. Radiography showed no significant findings from an open mouth view. Rhinoscopy also did not find any remarkable lesions in the nasal cavity. But when vigorously swabbing the nasal cavity, numerous cells having round nuclei, coarse reticular chromatin, one large nucleolus and distinct cytoplasmic vacuoles, which is typical for canine transmissible venereal tumor cells were collected. We thoroughly searched for any primary transmissible venereal tumor at the other areas of the body other than the nasal cavity, but found none. The patient responded well to vincristine, and the clinical signs resolved with no respiratory distress, sneezing or epistaxis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.534-549
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• 2009

Objectives : To study trends in complementary medical therapy for the allergic rhinitis. This study analyzed research on allergic rhinitis in PubMed. Methods : We searched PubMed related to complementary medical therapy for allergic rhinitis. We analyzed 25 research papers and examined published journals, years countries, and their methods, objectives, results, interventions, participants, periods and instruments of assessment. Results : The method of studies was mostly randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. There were research papers concerning treatment and prevention with herbal medicine, acupuncture, diet, etc. There were more positive results compared to negative results for treatment and prevention. Most studies were carried out during the winter/spring period. The median for number of participants was 90.54 persons. Diagnostic criteria for enrolment were nasal symptoms, allergic skin test, serum, nasal discharge allergen specific IgE eosinophil, etc. Assessment for outcomes were nasal symptoms, serum, nasal discharge allergen specific IgE eosinophil and Quality of Life Questionnaire. Conclusions : It is necessary to study effects of acupuncture and herb medicines for allergic rhinitis and more in-depth research about trends in complementary medical therapy for allergic rhinitis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.115-118
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• 2013

An 8-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was presented with a chief complaint of chronic nasal discharge and dyspnea. Physical examination revealed pyohemorrhagic nasal discharge, inspiratory dyspnea and stertor, and an enlarged right mandibular lymph node. Abnormalities of blood works and serum chemistry included mildly increased hematocrit, and globulin concentration. Serologic tests for FeLV and FIV, and a panel of polymerase chain reaction tests for Chlamydophila felis, Feline Calicivirus, Herpesvirus, Bordetella, Mycoplasma felis, and H1N1 influenza was all negative. Only radiographic finding showed increasing soft tissue density in the right nasal cavity and computed tomography disclosed soft tissue/fluid opacification in the right nasal cavity, paranasal sinus, and pharyinx along with slight deviation to the right of the osseous nasal septum. Focal lysis of ventral nasal septum was also suspected in CT scan. Cytological evaluation of fine needle aspirate smears of the enlarged mandibular lymph nodes revealed numerous fungal yeasts having variably thick capsule both extracellularly and intracellularly with low numbers of macrophages. Some yeasts showed narrow based budding, which was a consistent finding with Cryptococcus organisms. Serum protein electrophoresis was a polyclonal consistent with chronic infection and serum was submitted for a fungal serology panel test. In serologic tests Cryptococcus antigen titer was 1 : 32,768. In vitro culture was unsuccessful. Treatment was initiated with administration of fluconazole, clindamycin, and tocopherol. Clinical signs resolved within 3 days after the initial treatment. The cat was discharged and scheduled for periodic evaluation and continued therapy, but was lost to follow-up thereafter.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.612-617
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• 2012

Background Packing after closed reduction of a nasal bone fracture causes inconvenient nasal obstruction in patients. We packed the superior meatus with Vaseline gauze to support the nasal bone, and packed the middle nasal meatus with a Doyle Combo Splint consisting of an airway tube, a silastic sheet, and an expandable sponge to reduce the inconvenience. In addition, we aimed to objectively identify whether this method not only enables nasal respiration but also sufficiently supports the reduced nasal bone. Methods Nasal ventilation was measured via spirometry 1 day before surgery and compared to 1 day after surgery. To compare support of the reduced nasal bone by the 2 methods, 2 plastic surgeons assessed the displacementon X-rays taken after the surgery and after removing the packing. The extent of nasal obstruction, dry mouth, sleep disturbance, headache, and swallowing difficulty were compared with visual analog scales (VAS) on a pre-discharge survey. Results In the experimental group, the nasal respiration volume 1 day after surgery remained at $71.3%{\pm}6.84%$ on average compared to 1 day prior to surgery. Support of the reduced bone in the experimental group ($2.80{\pm}0.4$) was not significantly different from the control group ($2.88{\pm}0.33$). The VAS scores for all survey items were lower in the experimental group than in the control group, where a lower score indicated a lower level of inconvenience. Conclusions The nasal cavity packing described here maintained objective measures of nasal respiration and supported the reduced bone similar to conventional methods. Maintaining nasal respiration reduced the inconvenience to patients, which demonstrates that this packing method is useful.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.399-402
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• 2003

A female unknown aged Yorkshire terrier, weighing 3.5 kg with nasal discharge, left facial swelling and severe inflammation was referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul National University. Radiographic findings were lytic change and soft tissue swelling of left zygomatic process and increased radiopacity of nasal cavity. In computed tomography, turbinate bone destruction was observed as well as lytic change of left zygomatic process and left maxilla indicating aggressive lesion. Then 3-dimensional reconstruction was also performed. Biopsy of tissue mass revealed it as squamous cell carcinoma. For this patient, euthanasia was performed guarded prognosis. Generally, tumors of the nasal cavity in dogs account for approximately 1 % to 2% of all neoplasms. The prevalence of these tumors increased with age and exposure to the ultraviolet. About two thirds of all nasal tumors are malignant tumors such as squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. As these tumors of nasal cavity are locally invasive, and external beam radiotherapy is the current treatment of choice. Unfortunately, diagnosis of these tumors often occurs late in the course of disease, resulting in a poor prognosis for outcome in many patients. It is considered that computed tomography could be used as an aid modality for the exact evaluation of extend and degree of bone lysis of nasal cavity and metastasis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.19 no.3 s.31
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• pp.60-67
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• 2006

Objective : Allergic rhinitis is an allergic reaction characterized by sneezing, coughing, itchy nose, mouth and throat, congestion and/or nasal discharge. We aim to observe effect of Sinichengpae-um on protective effects of nasal mucosal tissue in th allergic rhinitis. Method : For this purpose, we oberserved number of leukocyte and erythrocyte in blood, ratio of neutrophil and lymphocyte in leukocyte, activity of GOT and GPT, and histopathologic change of nasal mucose. Result and Conclusion : Sinicheogpae-um showed effects on immune reaction with no harms liver. And in histopathologic change of nasal mucosal tissue, Sinichengpae-um showed significant protective effet against allergic rhinitis.